Xa usiva i-'Precision Sand Casting', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko unokuba yinkimbinkimbi, ikufutshane ne-net-shape shares. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, kodwa eyona nuance yokwenyani-kwaye apho izinto ezininzi ziphosakele-kukuqonda ukuba 'ukuchaneka' apha akukho malunga nokusukela ukunyamezelana kwenqanaba le-micron njengokuphosa kutyalo-mali. Imalunga nejiyometri elawulwayo, ephindaphindwayo kunye nokuthembeka komphezulu kwinkqubo eyomeleleyo ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezithile. Umngxunya oqhelekileyo uyiphatha njengenye indlela enexabiso eliphantsi yokubumba iqokobhe okanye i-wax elahlekileyo, xa eneneni isisisombululo esahlukileyo sokuveliswa komthamo wamacandelo antsonkothileyo aphakathi apho uzinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nesandi sangaphakathi kungenangxoxo.
Ukunyamezelana Okungaqondwayo
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo yombutho wevalvu esebenza ngamanzi. Umzobo ubize ±0.5mm kumaziko abalulekileyo. Umxhasi ekuqaleni watyhala utyalo-mali, ecinga ukuba yayikuphela kwendlela. Saxoxa ngesanti echanekileyo-usebenzisa inkqubo esekelwe kwi-zircon kunye nenkqubo yokubumba elawulwa ngokuqinileyo. Iqhinga lalingeyontlabathi kuphela; yayiyimpahla yepateni, ukuyilwa kwesango lokungena, kunye nomjikelo oqinileyo wokuphilisa. Sibetha i-± 0.4mm ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ingqibelelo yoxinzelelo yayiphezulu ngenxa yesakhiwo esincinci esisifumeneyo. 'Ukuchaneka' kwakukulawulo lwenkqubo, hayi nje imathiriyeli yokuqala.
Apho iwe mfutshane, ngokungafihlisiyo, isezindongeni ezibhityileyo kakhulu. Ukuba uzama ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-3mm kwi-casting enkulu, ukugobolondo okanye indawo yotyalo-mali. Inkqubo yokubopha kwisanti echanekileyo inemida yokuhambahamba. Ndibone i-Foundries izama ukuyityhala, ikhokelela kwimitruns ejongeka igqibelele kwelinye icala kwaye ibhidekile kwelinye. Ngumda wezinto eziphathekayo ekufuneka uwuhloniphe.
Oku kudibanisa nokuba yintoni ivenkile efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) eya kugxininisa kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekukhupheni. Badwelisa iqokobhe lokungunda kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali ngokwahlukeneyo ngesizathu. Xa usebenza kuzo zonke iinkqubo, uphuhlisa ukuqonda okucacileyo apho nganye nganye ingena khona. Umsebenzi wabo wexesha elide ucebisa ukuba babone iindleko zokusetyenziswa gwenxa-apho ukunyanzela inxalenye kwinkqubo engalunganga kukhokelela kwiindlela ezivuzayo okanye iindleko ezigqithisileyo zomatshini kamva.
Undoqo: Izibophelelo kunye neeNkqubo zeSanti
Intliziyo yenkqubo yi-binder-sand chemistry. Ibhokisi ebandayo ye-Phenolic urethane lihashe lomsebenzi, kodwa 'ukuchaneka' kuhlala kuvela kwisanti ngokwayo. I-silica isemgangathweni, kodwa kwintsimbi okanye i-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu, ukufudukela kwi-chromite okanye kwisanti ye-zircon ngumdlalo-ukutshintsha ukuphindaphinda kwe-dimensional. I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal iphantsi. Ukwandiswa okuncinci ngexesha lokugalela kuthetha ukukhukuliseka okuncinci kwejometri. Ibiza kakhulu, ngoko awuyisebenzisi isigqubuthelo somngxuma, kodwa kwindlu yempompo kwi-duplex stainless? Kubalulekile.
Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwibhetshi yee-impellers zempompo kwi-CF8M. Sisebenzisa i-silica eqhelekileyo, besinemiba yokuncipha engaguqukiyo kwiingcebiso zeblade, ezifuna ukulungiswa kweweld enkulu. Ukutshintshela kwinkqubo ye-zircon, i-feeders iphinde yahlaziywa kancinci, kwaye izinga le-scrap lahla ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2%. Ixabiso lesanti linyuke nge-40%, kodwa ixabiso lilonke lehle nge-18%. Olo luhlobo lokubala lorhwebo oluchaza ukugatywa kwesanti ngokuchaneka kokwenyani.
Ayingomlingo. Umlinganiselo wokubopha igesi, ixesha lokurhafa, ukucocwa—ngomzuzwana ngamnye ubalulekile. Umngundo onganyangekanga kakuhle uya kuhlamba. Umntu ophiliswe ngokugqithisileyo uba brittle kwaye unokubangela ukubandakanywa. Ubuchule kukufowunela inxalenye ethile yejometri kunye nealloyi. Apha kulapho amava, anjengalawo akhiwe kwifem efana ne-QSY, ebambeka. Awunakuwenza ngokuzenzekelayo loo mgwebo.
Ukugada kunye nokutyisa: Uyilo olungabonakaliyo
Apha kulapho iimodeli zeCAD azijonganga nto njengobumba bokugqibela. Indawo yokungena kwisanti echanekileyo idla ngokuba ndlongondlongo kunesanti eluhlaza. Kufuneka ugcwalise ngokukhawuleza ukuze usebenzise amandla angcono okugqiba umphezulu. Kodwa ukuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuthetha isiphithiphithi. Sisebenzisa izihluzi ze-ceramic ngokwenkolo ngoku-iibhloko ezilula ezifakwe kwimbaleki. Yongeza iindleko, kodwa ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-oxide, ngokukodwa kwii-alloys ezifana ne-nickel-based based, kuyamangalisa. Yinto engaxoxiswana kuyo nayiphi na indawo emiselwe ukulayisha okuguquguqukayo.
Uyilo lokutya lolunye ubugcisa obufihlakeleyo. Amandla aphezulu okungunda okunyangisiweyo kuthetha ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwesinyithi ngakumbi, olunokuthi luthintele ukondla ukuba awulumkanga. Ngamanye amaxesha udinga i-feeders ezinkulu okanye ngaphezulu kwazo xa kuthelekiswa nesanti eluhlaza kwindawo enye. Ndikhumbula igiya enodonga olungqingqwa engenanto apho sasikhuphela ubungakanani besondlo kwipateni yesanti eluhlaza. Kugqitywe ngokucutheka okukhulu komngxuma kwindawo yehabhu. Kwafuneka ndibuyele umva, yonyusa imodyuli yentamo yesondlo, kwaye yongeze umkhono ongaqhelekanga ukuwugcina ushushu ixesha elide. Isonjululwe. Zezi zilungiso eziphinda-phindayo ezibhakwa kwi-Foundry's standard practice.
Ukujonga kuluhlu lwezinto ezivela Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.-i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, i-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based-uyazi ukuba kufuneka baphumelele oku. Ezo ngxubevange zineempawu ezoyikekayo zokutyisa. Ukufumana ukuphoswa kwesandi kuzo ngesanti echanekileyo lungqinisiso olunzulu lwesakhono sobuchule se-Foundry.
Isibonelelo soMatshini: IsiNxulumanisi esibalulekileyo
Le yindawo enkulu yokuthengisa. Inkqubo yesanti echanekileyo eqhutywe kakuhle inokuwisa isitokhwe somatshini ukuya kwi-1.5-2mm ebusweni, ngamanye amaxesha kunye ne-1mm kwiindawo ezizinzileyo. Lixabiso elikhulu lesosi ngexesha le-CNC kunye nokunxiba izixhobo. Kodwa akuqinisekwanga. Isibonelelo kufuneka kuxoxwe ngokusekwe kuphawu oluthile. Umphezulu othe tyaba? 1.5mm kunokuba kulungile. Ngaphesheya komgca wokwahlula okanye kufutshane nombindi? Unokufuna i-3mm. Ndikhe ndaneminxeba enomsindo evela kwiivenkile zoomatshini xa ibhetshi ingena nento abayijonga 'njengesitokhwe esinganelanga', kuthe kwafumaniseka ukuba umahluko ubusuka kwinguqu engundoqo esingakhange siyiphendule ngokwaneleyo.
Intsebenziswano kunye noomatshini ngundoqo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imisebenzi edibeneyo, efana nantoni QSY amanqaku aphezulu kunye neenkonzo zabo zokuphosa ezidibeneyo kunye ne-CNC, zinenzuzo. Iqela labo machining feed umva data dimensional ngqo Foundry. Loo loop ivaliweyo ivumela ukuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo. Ukuba ukuphosa kunye noomatshini kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, loo ngxelo ihlala icotha, ihluzwa, kwaye ipolitiki.
Simisele umthetho olula: ingxelo yokuqala yokuhlola inqaku ukusuka kumatshini uya kwinjineli yenkqubo yokufumana, hayi nje ukuthengisa. Ukucuthwa kweembambano zezibonelelo zoomatshini ngama-70% ngonyaka. Kwanyanzela wonke umntu ukuba athethe ulwimi olufanayo lweedatum kunye neempawu ezinokulinganiswa.
Xa Isilela, yaye Kutheni
Iintsilelo ziyafundisa. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ndiyibonayo yi-veining-ezo ziphene ezifana ne-fin kumphezulu. Kudla ngokungafaniyo phakathi kwesanti yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye namandla ashushu e-binder. Ngamanye amaxesha ilungiswa ngokutshintsha amabanga esanti; ngamanye amaxesha ifuna i-tweak kwi-binder catalyst ratio. Ngumsebenzi wabacuphi.
Ukusilela okuyintlekele ngakumbi kukunyakaza kodonga lokungunda ngexesha lokugalelwa, okukhokelela kwimpazamo enkulu. Oku kuphantse kube yipateni okanye umba webhokisi engundoqo-izixhobo ezinxitywayo, inkxaso enganelanga. Yingxaki enkulu, hayi inkqubo enye. I-foundry eqhuba iipateni ezigugileyo ayinakunikezela ngokuchanekileyo ukugaywa kwesanti, ixesha. Lo ngumqondiso ozolileyo wempilo yevenkile. Ukuba undwendwela kwaye ubone izixhobo zepateni ezicocekileyo, ezigcinwe kakuhle, luphawu oluhle. Ukuba iipateni zichotshiwe kwaye zibanjwe kunye ne-tape, hamba.
Ubomi obude obuchazwa yimbali ye-QSY yeminyaka engama-30 bucebisa ukuba bahambe kule mijikelo yenkunzi. Ukugcina ipateni ichanekile kumashumi eminyaka yemveliso kubathengi abohlukeneyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo engabonakali kwiphepha elithile.
INiche yeHlabathi yokwenyani
Ke, ihleli phi namhlanje? Ayisiyoyeprototyping-ixabiso lepateni liphezulu kakhulu. Asiyondawo ezilula—isanti eluhlaza inexabiso eliphantsi. Indawo yayo eswiti ngumthamo ophakathi ukuya-phezulu (amaqhekeza angama-500-10,000 ngonyaka) amacandelo afuna ulawulo olungcono lwe-dimensional kunye nokugqiba kunesanti eluhlaza enokubonelela, kodwa awunazo iinkcukacha ezigqibeleleyo okanye iindonga ezibhityileyo ezigunyazisa ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali. Cinga ngezindlu zecompressor, imizimba yevalvu, iibhokisi zegiya ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, ii-hydraulic manifolds.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto kuyinto enkulu. Ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-ductile iron ukuya kwi-alloy-based alloy kaninzi kufuna nje utshintsho lwenkqubo yesanti kunye nokulungiswa kokulawulwa kwe-thermal kwi-mold. Ingcinga engundoqo yenkqubo ihleli. Oku kuguquguquka kungenxa yokuba abaninzi abavelisi abadibeneyo, ngakumbi abo bakhonza amandla kunye namacandelo oomatshini anzima, baxhomekeke kuyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ngokuchanekileyo ukugaywa kwesanti bubungqina bokuthobela ngobunjineli. Yamkela i-granularity esisiseko yesanti ukufumana i-scalability kunye nemfezeko yolwakhiwo, emva koko isebenzisa ikhemistri, ulawulo lwe-thermal, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo engqongqo ukutyhala loo nkqubo kumda wayo ongaguqukiyo. Yinkqubo yeenjineli eziqondayo ukuba imveliso imalunga nokukhetha esona sisombululo sinamandla, hayi nje elona nani lingqongqo ephepheni. Lowo ngumgwebo ovela kuphela ekuboneni iinxalenye ziphumelela, kwaye zisilele, kumgangatho wevenkile iminyaka.
