Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umxhuzulane wentsimbi,' baba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wokugalelwa nje kwesanti. Nantso isiqalo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa ekusebenzeni, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna imfezeko yokwenyani yolwakhiwo, kulapho kuqala khona ubunzima. Eli gama ngokwalo lisenokulahlekisa—alikho nje ngentsimbi nomxhuzulane; imalunga nokuqina okulawulwayo, uyilo lokungunda, kunye nokulawula iimpawu zentsimbi ngendlela enokuthi ezinye iinkqubo ezifana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-die-casting azikwazi ukuchukumisa izicelo ezithile. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu ingena kunye ne-spec ye-'intsimbi etyhidiweyo' kunye nenkqubo yokubizela 'ukuphosa umxhuzulane' ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokucacileyo ukurhweba. Ingqikelelo idla ngokuba yinkqubo ephantsi, yesakhono esiphantsi. Isenokungabizi kakhulu, ewe, kodwa ukuyiphatha kakubi kuyabiza, kwaye ukuyilungisa kufuna ubunzulu bolwazi lwenkqubo olungabonakali ngokukhawuleza.
Undoqo weNkqubo: IkwiMold kunye neMetal
Umahluko wangempela kumgangatho uqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba intsimbi ibethe i-ladle. Isebundeni. Ukubumba iqokobhe, ethandwa yinkampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) unamava anzulu, umngundo ngokwawo yintlaka ephilisiweyo yentlabathi ehlanganisiweyo. Umphezulu wokugqiba ungaphezulu kunesanti eluhlaza, kwaye ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional kuqina. Kodwa ngokuphosa umxhuzulane, inkqubo yokungena—loo mijelo ikhokela isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo—yinto yonke. Awuyinyanzeli isinyithi phantsi koxinzelelo; uthembele kumxhuzulane kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ukuze ugcwalise umngxuma. Ukuba amasango akalunganga, ufumana i-mistruns okanye i-turbulent flow edonsa i-oxides kwindawo, ukudala amanqaku abuthathaka. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu yehydraulic apho sasinokuncipha kwe-porosity eqhubekayo kwicandelo elishinyeneyo. Ulungiso ibingelobushushu obuphezulu bokugalela; yayiyila ngokutsha isango ukukhuthaza ukuqiniswa kwendlela ukuya kwisikhuphukeli esinokusinqumla kamva. Kwathatha izihlandlo ezithathu.
Ke kukho intsimbi ngokwayo. 'Intsimbi yokuphosa' ayiyonto enye. Ngokuphoswa komxhuzulane, intsimbi engwevu (i-flake graphite) kunye ne-iron ductile (i-spheroidal graphite) zezona zixhaphakileyo, kodwa ukuziphatha kwazo zihlabathi ngokwahlukeneyo. I-iron engwevu inomanzi kwaye iyasebenziseka kodwa iyaphuka. I-iron ye-Ductile inamandla aphezulu kakhulu kunye nobude obuthile. Ukukhetha phakathi kwabo asikokuhlola ipropathi yoomatshini nje; imalunga nendlela eziqina ngayo. I-iron ductile idinga unyango olucokisekileyo lokugonywa nje phambi kokugalela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifom zegraphite zibe ngamacandelo. Ukuba olo nyango luyaphela (lune 'window' elinganiselweyo), okanye ukuba kukho isulfure eninzi kakhulu kwisiseko sentsimbi, ufumana igraphite ewohlokayo, kwaye ukusebenza kwenxalenye kuyehla. Ngumba wolawulo lwenkqubo ephilayo kumgangatho wesiseko, hayi into onokuthi uyichaze kumzobo kwaye ulibale.
Apha kulapho intsebenziswano yexesha elide esisiseko ibalulekile. Umthengisi ophatha zombini ukuphosa kunye nokulandelayo CNC Machining, njengoko i-QSY isenza, inomdla obekiweyo wokufumana isandi sokuphosa kwasekuqaleni. Bayazi ukuba indawo eqinile evela kwintsimbi epholileyo okanye i-subsurface blowhole iya kutshabalalisa isixhobo sokusika ngexesha lomatshini, ukuguqula ukuphosa okubonakala kukuhle kwi-scrap. Ulawulo lwabo lwenkqubo yabo iinxalenye zentsimbi yomxhuzulane ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwesebe labo lomatshini. Inyanzelisa umbono odibeneyo wokwenziwa kwemveliso ongasoloko ufumana kwi-Foundry egalela isinyithi kuphela.
Apho iGravity Casting yenza ingqiqo (kwaye apho ingenzi khona)
Awusebenzisi i-gravity casting kudonga olucekethekileyo, iindawo zabathengi ezinomthamo ophezulu. Ngummandla wokufa. I-gravity casting's niche iphakathi ukuya kwimitha esezantsi yeendawo ezintsokothileyo, ezinobunzima bodonga obahlukeneyo, kwaye zifuna iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zoomatshini. Cinga ngeziseko zoomatshini, izindlu zokumpompa, iibhokisi zegiya ezisindayo, okanye izibiyeli ezinkulu kwizixhobo zemizi-mveliso. Inkqubo ivumela ukusetyenziswa kweengqungquthela zesanti ukudala iipaseji zangaphakathi-into enzima kakhulu kwi-die-casting. Ngokomzekelo, ibhatyi yamanzi yangaphakathi ye-compressor cylinder head ngumviwa weklasikhi.
Kodwa kukho ukusilela endikhe ndadibana nako: ukuyila ngaphezulu kwenkqubo. Iinjineli ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi ngamanye amaxesha ziya kuyila indawo eneembambo ezininzi ezibhityileyo kunye newebhu ukunciphisa ubunzima. Kwintsimbi yomxhuzulane, oku kunokuba yintlekele. Iziqendu ezibhityileyo zipholile ngokukhawuleza, zithintela ukondla okufanelekileyo kwizinyusi, okukhokelela kuthungelwano lwe-micro-shrinkage. Inxalenye inokudlula uhlolo olubonakalayo kodwa ingaphumeleli phantsi kovavanyo loxinzelelo okanye kwinkonzo. Isifundo sesokuba ukuyila umxhuzulane wentsimbi kufuna ukuqonda imida yesiseko-ubuncinci obucetyisiweyo bodonga, indlela yokutshintsha phakathi kwamacandelo ashinyeneyo nabhityileyo, kunye nendawo yokubeka ukuqinisa. Ngumzamo woyilo wentsebenziswano, hayi nje ukuphoswa koshicilelo phezu kodonga.
Enye inqaku elisebenzayo yimisebenzi yasemva kokuphosa. Phantse zonke iinxalenye zentsimbi yomxhuzulane iyakudinga ukwenziwa komatshini ebusweni bokukhwelana, imingxunya yebholiti, kunye neendawo zokutywina. Ulusu lwe-as-cast luqinile. Isiseko esihlanganisiweyo CNC Machining amandla, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiprofayile yenkonzo ye-QSY, yongeza ixabiso elibalulekileyo. Bangakwazi ukulungisa inxalenye besebenzisa iimpawu zedatha ephosiweyo, ukuqonda ukwahluka kokuphonswa kwendalo, kunye nomatshini ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela kwiseto enye. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokukhokela kwaye kuphelise imiba yokulungelelanisa evelayo xa ukuphosa kunye noomatshini bahlula phakathi kwabathengisi ababini ngaphandle konxibelelwano.
IiNuances zezinto eziphathekayo kunye nombuzo we-alloy
Ngelixa ii-iron eziqhelekileyo ezingwevu kunye ne-ductile zigubungela i-80% yeemfuno, ngamanye amaxesha udinga enye into. Apha kulapho ubuchule bezinto eziphathekayo be-Foundry buvavanywa khona. Ukukhankanywa kwe-QSY yokusebenza ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based based inomdla kulo mongo. Ngelixa ayiqhelekanga kwinxalenye yentsimbi yomxhuzulane eqhelekileyo, iqaqambisa isakhono sobume. Ngokomzekelo, inxalenye inokuba nomzimba oyintloko we-iron ductile kodwa ifuna isihlalo okanye indawo yokunxiba ene-corrosion ekhethekileyo okanye ukumelana nobushushu. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-Foundry inokucebisa ngokusebenzisa i-iron edibeneyo-efana ne-Ni-Resist ye-corrosion resistance okanye i-SiMo ductile iron ye-high-temperature performance-endaweni yokutsibela kwisiseko esihluke ngokupheleleyo, esibiza kakhulu.
Umceli mngeni ngezi zixhobo zikhethekileyo kwi-gravity casting kukumanzi kunye nokushwabana. Iialloyi ezisekwe kwi-nickel, umzekelo, zinamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye neepateni zokuqiniswa kunentsimbi. Ukuwagalela kubumba lwesanti okwenzelwe intsimbi kunokukhokelela ekuqhubeni kakubi okanye ukukrazuka okushushu ukuba ukubunjwa komngundo kunye namazinga okupholisa awalungiswanga. Asiyonkqubo otshintshela kuyo ngokuthanda kwakho; ifuna uphuhliso lwenkqubo ezinikeleyo. Olu luhlobo lwesakhono sangemva esahlula isiseko sevenkile yomsebenzi kwiqabane lobugcisa. Icebisa ukuba baxhotyiselwe ukujongana nemibuzo engeyiyo eyomgangatho, ehlala ibangelwa kukungaphumeleli kwehlabathi lokwenyani lwemathiriyeli eqhelekileyo.
Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, nangona kunjalo, ukunamathela kumabanga achazwe kakuhle entsimbi yindlela yobulumko. I-database yezinto eziphathekayo zibanzi, iiparamitha ze-machining ziyaziwa, kwaye iindleko ziqikelelwa. Isitshixo sichaza ibakala ngokuchanekileyo kumzobo: kungekhona nje i-ASTM A48 Class 35, kodwa kunye ne-microstructure efunekayo, unyango olunokwenzeka lobushushu (njengokunciphisa uxinzelelo emva kokuphosa, okubalulekileyo ekuzinzeni kumatshini), kunye naluphi na uvavanyo olukhethekileyo njengokuhlolwa kwe-radiographic kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Le ngcaciso ithintela ukungaqondakali kwaye iqinisekisa i-Foundry-nokuba yi-QSY okanye enye-iyazi kakuhle ibha kufuneka bahlangabezane nayo.
I-Advanteji yoManyano: Ukusuka kwiMold ukuya kwiCandelo eligqityiweyo
Ukucinga ngekhonkco elipheleleyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwenene ekuveliseni okuthembekileyo iinxalenye zentsimbi yomxhuzulane ivela kuhlanganiso oluthe nkqo. Xa iziko elifanayo lilawula ipateni/ukwenziwa komngundo, ukunyibilika nokugalelwa, unyango lobushushu, kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo, iilophu zempendulo zifutshane. Umatshini odibana nendawo enzima unokubuyela kumphathi wesiseko kwaye ubabonise. Banokubona ngokudibeneyo ukuba ibingumba wokugodola wengingqi osuka kumngundo okanye isitenxo sesinyithi. Oku kucombulula ingxaki ngentsebenziswano akunakwenzeka ngekhonkco lonikezelo eliqhekezayo apho iqela ngalinye lityhola elinye.
Imbali yenkampani exeliweyo yeminyaka engama-30 yokuphosa kunye noomatshini, njengeQSY's, ithetha ngokungagungqiyo kolu hlanganiso. Ukutyhubela elo xesha, babone ngokungathandabuzekiyo zonke iziphene ezinokwenzeka kunye nemo yokusilela. Olo lwazi lweziko luguqulela kwisicwangciso esingcono senkqubo yangaphambili. Bayazi, umzekelo, indlela yokuqhelanisa indawo entsonkothileyo ekubumbeni ukunciphisa ukucutheka kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo, okanye indlela yokuyila isisingitho esibhekiselele njengokuphoswa komphezulu wokwandisa ukususwa kwesitokhwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Olu ayilolwazi lweencwadi; lulwazi lwezizwe oluzuzwe kumashumi eminyaka ngokwenza iinxalenye, kucinywa ezinye, nokufunda ukuba kutheni.
Kwinjineli ekhangela la malungu, le yinto engabonakaliyo oyifunayo. Ayikokufumana nje uqikelelo ngekhilogram nganye. Imalunga nokunxulumana nomthengisi obuza imibuzo malunga nomsebenzi wenxalenye, iimeko zomthwalo wayo, kunye nojongano lwayo namanye amacandelo. Basenokucebisa ukongeza idrafti encinci oyiphosileyo, okanye bacebise iradiyasi enkulu kunekona yakho ebukhali ekhankanyiweyo ukunqanda uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukuzaliswa komngundo. Le ncoko yababini, esekelwe kumava okwenziwa kwemveliso, yeyona nto ijika uyilo lube yinto eyomeleleyo, enokwenziwa, kwaye ethembekileyo. ubunzima bentsimbi icandelo. Ihambisa ubudlelwane ukusuka kwintengiselwano ukuya kwintsebenziswano, ethi, ekugqibeleni, unciphise umngcipheko kwaye uqinisekise impumelelo yeprojekthi.
Iingcinga zokuGqukumbela: Inkqubo yokuLawulwa kokuChaselana
Umxhuzulane wokujulwa kwentsimbi awusoze ubene-aura ekhazimlayo, yobuchwephesha obuphezulu bokwenza okongeziweyo okanye isantya esimadyungudyungu se-die-casting. Yinkqubo evuthiweyo. Kodwa ixabiso layo lilele ekuguquguqukeni kwayo, iipropathi zezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye, xa isenziwa ngobuchule, ukuhambelana okumangalisayo. Injongo asikokugqibelela kwi-abstract; ifezekisa ibhalansi eyiyo yeendleko, ukusebenza, kunye nexesha lokukhokela kwisicelo esithile soshishino. Imigibe—uyilo olulambathayo lokungunda, ukunyangwa kwempahla engachanekanga, ukungondleki ngokwaneleyo—zonke ziyaziwa yaye ziyalawuleka ngolawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo.
Ukuthathwa kwakhe nabani na ochaza la malungu kukujonga ngaphaya koluhlu lwesakhono esisisiseko. Khangela ubungqina bolawulo lwenkqubo edibeneyo, ukusuka kwi-metallurgy ukuya kwi-machining. Khangela imbali ecebisa ubunzulu bokusombulula ingxaki. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zibandakanye kwangethuba. Phatha isiseko njengomphuhlisi, hayi umthengisi nje. Yabelana ngeemfuno zokusebenza kwaye uvule iingcebiso zabo malunga nohlengahlengiso loyilo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa. Loo ntsebenziswano ngumxhuzulane wokwenyani otsala uyilo oluhle ukuya kutsho kwindawo eyimpumelelo, ehlala ixesha elide.
Kwihlabathi elileqa kwizisombululo zedijithali kunye ne-automated, kusekho indawo esisiseko yale analog, inkqubo yobushushu kunye nesinyithi. Imalunga nokuqonda kunye nokusebenzisa indlela yokuziphatha yendalo yemathiriyeli njengoko itshintsha imeko. Ukuyilungisa kuvakala kuncinci njengoloyiso lobuchwephesha obuphezulu kwaye kufana nobuchwephesha obuqhelileyo-okuthi, ngeendlela ezininzi, kusenjalo.
