Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umatshini omkhulu wokuchaneka', bafanekisela i-CNC mill enkulu ekhupha inxalenye, kwaye yiloo nto. Inyani ingaphezulu lee. Owona mceli mngeni ayikokuyenza ibe nkulu, okanye nokuyenza ichaneke elebhu. Ibambe ukuba ukuchaneka-yeshumi, maxa wambi nkqu sub-yeshumi tolerances-kuyo yonke icandelo ubungakanani imoto encinane, emva kokuba unbolted ukusuka kumatshini, ngenqanawa phesheya ulwandle, kwaye ixhomekeke kwi-real-world thermal kunye nemijikelo umthwalo. Kulapho incwadi yesikhokelo iphela kwaye amava omgangatho wevenkile aqala.
Isiseko: Iqala Phambi koMatshini
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuchaneka kwisikali ngaphandle kokuthetha malunga nemathiriyeli yokuqala. Lo ngumgibe oqhelekileyo. Umxhasi uthumela imodeli entle ye-3D yendlu enkulu yebhokisi yegiya, echaza i-316 engenasici. Kodwa ukuba ukuphosa ekrwada akuvakali-ukuba kunokuncipha kwangaphakathi, amabala aqinileyo, okanye uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokupholisa - sele usilwa idabi elilahlekileyo. Ukusikwa kokuqala kunokuba kugqibelele, kodwa njengoko ususa izinto kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo, yonke into inokujika njenge-chip yezambane. Ndiyibonile isenzeka. Yiyo loo nto ubambiswano lweFoundry lungaxoxiswana.
Apha kulapho amandla enkampani enikezela ngenkonzo epheleleyo abaluleke kakhulu. Thatha Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Ngemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30 kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, bayayifumana le nto. Inyaniso yokuba baphatha zombini ukuphosa kunye ne umatshini omkhulu wokuchaneka phantsi kophahla olunye ayikho nje indawo yokuthengisa; ngumba wolawulo olusisiseko. Banokucacisa inkqubo yokubumba, i-gating, unyango lobushushu lokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngokukodwa kwi-machining eya kulandela. Ngelixa ukujula okukhulu okunje nge turbine manifold okanye umzimba wempompo ufika kumgangatho wabo womatshini tsngtaocnc.com, uninzi lwezinto ezinokwenzeka kwintlekele sele zenziwe ngobunjineli. Yinto oyixabisayo kuphela emva kokujongana nomthengisi ombi.
Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwalo lunye umaleko. Ukusebenza kunye nezixhobo zabo ezidweliswe njenge-nickel-based alloys kwazisa iseti yeengxaki zayo. Ezi ngxube zisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ke, inxalenye enkulu, awuseti nje ukutya kunye nezantya kube kanye. Uhlala ujonga ukunxiba kwesixhobo, ulungelelanisa ukukhula okushushu kwenxalenye kunye nomatshini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude ucwangcise amanyathelo aphakathi okuphelisa uxinzelelo. Yinkqubo eguquguqukayo, hayi ukuseta-kwaye-uyilibale ukusebenza.
Umdaniso wokuLungisa kunye neMetrology
Ukulungisa ukuphoswa kweetoni ezi-3 ayikokuba uyicinezele phantsi kangangoko unako. Yinyanzelise kakhulu, kwaye wazisa uxinzelelo oluya kubuya umva xa ukhululiwe, ubulala ukucaba kwakho okanye ulungelelwaniso. Ngaphantsi kokuyicinezela, kwaye ufumana incoko, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokuphela komphezulu owonakalisiweyo. Injongo kukuxhasa ngendlela elinganisa imeko yayo yokugqibela, efakiweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Sihlala sisebenzisa iimodyuli, izilungiso ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye ne-hydraulic clamping kwiibhetshi ezinkulu, kodwa kwi-off-off, inokuba yiphazili ye-bespoke yeebhloko, i-shims, kunye ne-bolting yeqhinga.
I-Metrology sesinye isiqingatha salo mdaniso. Awukwazi ukujonga i-2-meter bore kunye ne-standard bore gauge. Sixhomekeke kwiitraki zelaser kunye neengalo zeCMM eziphathwayo ukuze siqinisekise inkqubo. Kodwa nali inqaku elifihlakeleyo: kuya kufuneka uyeke indawo ukuba izinze kwiqondo lobushushu lendawo evenkileni ngaphambi kokuba uthathe imilinganiselo yokugqibela. Inxalenye entsha ephuma kumatshini, efakwe into epholileyo, inokuba shushu ngakumbi kunomoya. Loo delta ye-thermal yanele ukuphosa i-dimension enkulu ngaphandle kwe-spec kwiphepha, nangona iya kusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukwazi ixesha lokulinganisa kubaluleke njengokwazi ukuba njani.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wecompressor end plate enkulu. I-flatness spec yayikhohlakele. Sayenza ngoomatshini, sayilinganisa ukubanda, kwaye yayigqibelele. Umxhasi wayihlola, kwaye ayiphumelelanga. Kwavela ukuba, balinganisa kwilebhu elawulwayo kwi-20 ° C, ngelixa ivenkile yethu yayikwi-24 ° C. Loo mahluko wamanqanaba amane ukutyhubela loo bunzima bentsimbi wawanele. Isifundo esifundiweyo: ngoku, kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo, asigcini nje ukulawula indawo yomatshini kodwa sichaza ubushushu bomlinganiselo kwingxelo yokugqibela yokuhlola. Zezi nkcukacha zincinci, zingacacanga ezahlula inxalenye esebenzayo ukusuka kwechanekileyo.
Isixhobo kunye ne-Long Cut
Isicwangciso sendlela yesixhobo se umatshini omkhulu wokuchaneka sisilo esahlukileyo. Akukhona nje malunga nesantya sokususa izinto ezikhawulezayo. Imalunga nokulawula ubushushu, ukuphambuka kwesixhobo kwindawo ekude, kunye nokugcina ukungaguquguquki kwiseshoni yokusika enokuhlala iiyure ezingama-40 ngokungayeki. Uzakusebenzisa isingqusho sobuso esingama-50mm ukurhaxa, kodwa ukugqiba loo ndawo ibalulekileyo yokutywina, ungatshintshela kwindawo encinci, enobude obuphezulu be-helix eqhuba indlela yetrochoidal ukunciphisa amandla asecaleni kunye nokwanda kobushushu.
Imbuyekezo yokunxitywa kwezixhobo iba ngumsebenzi omkhulu wolungiselelo. Awunakukwazi ukuthenga isixhobo sokuqhawula okanye ukuguga ngokuyintlekele kwisiqingatha sesiqingatha sokudlula iiyure ezingama-30 zokugqiba kwindawo ye-monolithic aerospace component. Sicwangcisa utshintsho lwesixhobo esisebenzayo ngokusekwe kumthamo wezinto ezisusiweyo, hayi nje ixesha, kwaye sihlala sinesixhobo sodade esisetwe kwangaphambili kwisibambi, silungele ukuba i-CNC ibize ngokuzenzekelayo. Ixesha lokuphumla kumatshini onetafile yeemitha ezi-4 zibiza kakhulu.
Ukuhanjiswa okupholisayo lelinye iqhawe elingadumanga. Ukwenziwa kwemingxuma enzulu okanye imingxuma emide ekruqulayo kwiindawo ezinkulu, isixhobo sokupholisa sinyanzelekile. Kodwa kufuneka ibe noxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye ihluzwe. Iqhekeza elinye le-swarf elivala umjelo wokupholisa linokukhokelela ekubalekeni kobushushu, ukusilela kwesixhobo, kunye nenxalenye elahliweyo exabisa amashumi amawaka. Siqhuba iinkqubo ezimbini zokuhluza kwaye sibeke iliso ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwimigca njengenxalenye yoluhlu lokutshekisha imihla ngemihla.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle (kwaye ziyenzeka)
Ukungaphumeleli ngoyena mfundisi-ntsapho, nangona kubiza kakhulu. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wam, sasisenza intsimbi enkulu yesakhelo sokwakhiwa. Ushicilelo lubize uthotho lweepads ezenziwe ngoomatshini kubuso obuninzi. Senze ubuso bethu ngoomatshini kwindawo eyahlukileyo, sibhekisa kwiimpawu zoomatshini ukusuka kumsebenzi wangaphambili. Kwakubonakala kusengqiqweni. Isiphumo yaba yimeko eqhelekileyo yokunyamezelana. Ngomntu ngamnye, iphedi nganye yayingaphakathi kwe-spec. Ngokudibeneyo, ipateni iphume ngaphezu kwemilimitha. Inxalenye yayingenamsebenzi.
Ukulungiswa, ngoku kubonakala kucacile, kwakukutyalomali kumatshini we-5-axis kunye nemvulophu enkulu eyaneleyo yokutshiza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngokusetayo olulodwa. Oku kunciphisa iimpazamo zogqithiso lwedatha. Kwinkampani efana ne-QSY, inikezela nge-5-axis epheleleyo umatshini omkhulu wokuchaneka ayithethi malunga neekhonto ezintsonkothileyo; imalunga nokuphepha iimpazamo kunye nokubamba unyamezelo lwenyani kwindawo enkulu. Sisakhono esisombulula iingxaki ozaziyo kuphela ukuba unaso emva kokuba usilele ngaphandle kwazo.
Amanye amava okufunda abandakanya isilinda esikhulu se-Inconel. Sifezekise yonke i-dimensional specs, kodwa ukugqitywa komphezulu kwibhore bekungahambelani, kubonisa ipateni yokuncokola encinci. Iphumelele uvavanyo lweRa kodwa yasilela ukuhlolwa kwedayi elandelayo phantsi koqwalaselo lwabaxhasi-iinyembezi ezincinci ezivela kwi-vibration. Isisombululo sasiyinkqubo yamanqanaba amaninzi: i-semi-finish pass, emva koko i-unclamping kunye ne-clamping kwakhona ukukhulula nayiphi na i-machining-induced stress, ilandelwa yi-spring spring pass yokugqibela, kunye ne-bar esanda kuhlonitshwa. Iiyure ezi-8 ezongezelelweyo zexesha lomatshini ligcine inxalenye. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuchaneka kufuna umonde ongekho kwisicatshulwa sokuqala.
Umba woMntu kunye neSigwebo sokugqibela
Ngaphandle kwayo yonke i-automation, le ntsimi isaxhomekeke ngokunzulu koomatshini abanamava kunye nabadwelisi benkqubo. Isoftware inokuvelisa i-toolpath, kodwa umdwelisi wenkqubo onamava uyazi ukuba ayigqithise nini-ukongeza indawo yokuhlala apha, ukutshintsha i-angle yokungena apho, ukulandelelanisa imisebenzi ngendlela engabonakaliyo yokugcina ukuqina. Umsebenzisi womatshini kufuneka aphulaphule ukusika, ukubukela umbala we-chip kunye nefom, kwaye wazi umahluko phakathi kwesandi sokusika okunempilo kunye nokuqala kwenkathazo.
Isigwebo sokugqibela kwinxalenye enkulu eyenziwe ngoomatshini ngokuchanekileyo ihlala isenzeka kwindawo yomthengi ngexesha lofakelo. Olo vavanyo lokwenyani. Ngaba ibotshelelwa kwindawo yokukhwelana ngaphandle kwamandla? Ngaba iishafti ziyahambelana? Ngaba isihlalo sokutywina ngokugqibeleleyo? Xa isenza, luloyiso oluzolileyo. Iqinisekisa lonke ikhonkco-ukusuka kumgangatho wokuphosa kwisiseko, ngokucwangciswa kwenkqubo ecokisekileyo, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, kunye nobuchule babantu abaqhuba umsebenzi.
Ukujonga umnikelo opheleleyo womboneleli ngundoqo. Ivenkile efana nale ingasemva tsngtaocnc.com, kunye neengcambu zayo ezinzulu kwi-metallurgy kunye nokuphosa, izisa ukuqonda okupheleleyo etafileni. Abapheleli nje ekusikeni isinyithi; balawula yonke indlela yokuziphatha kwesixhobo ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, umatshini omkhulu wokuchaneka akukho utyando olunye. Yifilosofi yolawulo, esetyenziswa ngamandla akhohlakeleyo kunye nengqalelo ye-microscopic, zonke ngaxeshanye. Kwaye ufika kuphela ngokwenza iimpazamo, ukufunda amaqhinga, kunye nokuhlonipha yonke inkqubo, kungekhona nje ikhowudi eqhuba umatshini.
