Xa umntu esithi 'amalungu okujulwa kwentsimbi,' abaninzi bacinga ngegaqa lentsimbi elingena kakuhle kumzobo. Iqala apho ke ingxaki. Ibali lokwenyani alikho kwibakala lezinto eziphathekayo ephepheni—likwisandi esenza inxalenye xa uyicofa, ukwakheka kweenkozo phantsi kwemicroscope emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo olungaphumeleliyo, kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano engapheliyo phakathi ‘kokulunga ngokwaneleyo’ nokuba ‘kuya kubamba iminyaka elishumi.’ Ayinabala? Lelinye irhamncwa ngokupheleleyo; asiyontsimbi nje 'engavuthwanga.' Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zivaliwe ngenxa yokuba kugxilwe kwikhemistri kwaye kungekhona kwinkqubo ejika loo chemistry ibe yinto esebenzayo, ethembekileyo.
Umdlalo weShell: Ukuchaneka Akunjalo malunga noNyamezelo nje
Sibaleka kakhulu iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa apha. Abantu bayikhethela ukuntsonkotha kunye nokugqiba okusemgangathweni osemgangathweni, kodwa bahlala bephosa inqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuphosa. Umxube we-resin-isanti, ixesha lokunyanga, ubukhulu beqokobhe - yiresiphi, hayi indawo emiselweyo. Ibhetshi yeegobolondo ezinyange ngosuku olufumileyo ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Sakhe sabaleka i316L iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi kwizixhobo zaselwandle apho amaqokobhe ayenganyangekanga kancinane. Isiphumo asizange sibe yintlekele; yayingumphezulu ochuliweyo wokugrumba kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga, phantse njengexolo leorenji. Amalungu aphumelele iitshekhi ezilinganayo kodwa abonakala engalunganga. Umxhasi wayengonwabanga. Yayingekokusilela kwezinto eziphathekayo; ibiluvakalelo lwenkqubo ebesingakhange siyilumkele ngokwaneleyo. Nantso into: inkqubo yokubumba yinxalenye yokusebenza kokugqibela kwemathiriyeli.
Ukusasazwa kotyalo-mali lufumana uthando ngakumbi ngokuchaneka kwayo, kodwa yazisa iseti yayo yezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ipatheni ye-wax, imijikelezo yokugubungela uludaka, indlela yokukhupha i-wax-inyathelo ngalinye linokubangela uxinzelelo okanye ukuphazamiseka okuncinci ngaphambi kokuba kugalelwe nayiphi na isinyithi. Kwi-alloys ene-nickel ephezulu, oku kubalulekile. Ukungalingani ekwandiseni i-thermal phakathi kweqokobhe le-ceramic kunye nentsimbi ngexesha lokupholisa kunokukhokelela ekukrazukeni okushushu. Awusoloko uyibona ngeliso lenyama. Inokuvela kamva ngexesha lomatshini okanye phantsi koxinzelelo. I-takeway? Ukuchaza utyalo mali ayiyombumbulu yomlingo. Kufuneka ucacise, okanye usebenze kunye ne-Foundry eqondayo, yonke ikhonkco.
Apha kulapho amava evenkile exesha elide abalulekile. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kule minyaka ingama-30 isenzayo nokwenza oomatshini, kusenokwenzeka ukuba iye yabona ezi ntsilelo zichuliweyo kangangezihlandlo ezilikhulu. Loo mbali ayingomgca wentengiso nje; lithala leengqondo lezinto ezinokuhamba kakubi. Iguqulela kwindlela abamisa ngayo iinkqubo zabo. Abayi kugalela nje isinyithi kumngxuma; balawula ukusabela kwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali ukusuka kwipateni ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo.
Isixhobo siSiqalo, hayi iSiqinisekiso
Abaxhasi basithumelele iinkcukacha: ASTM A351 CF8M okanye AISI 4140. Leyo inxalenye elula. Inxalenye enzima kukwazi ukuba CF8M (i-cast elingana 316 stainless) ukusuka enye inyibilika baziphathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwenye ngokusekelwe deoxidation practice, ubushushu ukugalela, nkqu umxube scrap ukuya eziko. Senze ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu kanye apho ubomi besixhobo babungahambelani. Iicerts zazigqibelele. Ngaphantsi kobubanzi, ukuhluka kwi-carbide distribution yayicacile. I-chemistry enyibilikayo 'yayicacisiwe,' kodwa ibali lokuqinisa lalingafanelekanga.
Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwinto ebizwa ialloys ezikhethekileyo-i-cobalt-based, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-nickel. Ukuphosa kwabo kuyingozi xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yekhabhoni. Ba-viscous, bathanda ukucalula, kwaye bayaluthiya utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu. Ukuphumelela kwezi zixhobo kuncinci malunga nokuba nesithando somlilo kunye nokunye malunga nokuba nomonde kunye neeprothokholi. Imalunga nokugalelwa okulawulwayo, ngamanye amaxesha nditsho ne-vacuum okanye i-argon shielding, kunye nesicwangciso solawulo oluthe ngqo kakhulu ngexesha lokupholisa. Awunakuyingxamela. Umsebenzi okhawulezileyo kwicandelo le-Hastelloy C uya kuqhekeka, uqinisekisiwe. Iindleko azikho nje kwimathiriyeli ekrwada; ikwixesha kunye nendawo elawulwayo efunekayo ukuyilungisa.
Ukusebenza ngoluhlu lwezixhobo, ukusuka intsimbi kwi-nickel alloys, kukunyanzela ukuba usete kwakhona uqikelelo lwakho lomsebenzi ngamnye. Yintoni esebenzela i-ductile iron pump house iya kutshabalalisa i-super duplex stainless component. Isiseko esiphatha oku kusasazeka, njengoko i-QSY ikhankanya ukuba benzayo, kufuneka basebenze phantse njengeevenkile ezininzi ezikhethekileyo phantsi kophahla olunye. Ingqondo yentsimbi engwevu yahluke kakhulu kwingqondo ye iindawo zokugalela intsimbi kwinkonzo eyonakalisayo.
I-Handoff: Xa i-Casting idibana ne-CNC
Eli lixesha lokwenza okanye lekhefu abangalihoyiyo uninzi lwabaseki bomdlalo osulungekileyo. Uvelise imbonakalo entle, enomlinganiselo 'okufutshane'. Ngoku iya kumgangatho womatshini. Ukuba iqela lomatshini alifowunelwanga kwinkqubo yokuphosa, baya kugxeka yonke ingxaki kwi-Foundry, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. Ndikhe ndaya ezintlanganisweni ukuba nje: a blame game. Oomatshini bafumana indawo enzima eyonakalisa isixhobo- ingaba kubandakanywa isanti okanye i-chill? I-Foundry ithi umzobo wawufuna ukuba eli candelo libe likhulu.
Idityanisiwe CNC Machining luncedo olukhulu, kodwa kuphela ukuba unxibelelwano ludityanisiwe. Ezona meko zilungileyo kuxa umphathi womatshini ekwazi ukubuyela kwisiseko kwaye athi, Heyi, sibona i-porosity engaguqukiyo kule ndawo ibhorekile kwindawo yesithathu, kwaye abafana be-Foundry banokujonga ngoko nangoko isango lokungena okanye uyilo lokunyuka kwaloo ndawo. Lixesha lokwenyani, impendulo esebenzayo. Xa ukujula kunye nokwenza oomatshini bengamalungu ahlukeneyo, loo lophu yempendulo icotha kakhulu kwaye ihlala ichasene.
Sifunde oku ngothotho lweevoluthi zempompo. Iicastings zazilungile, kodwa ngexesha lokudinwa, sasikhe sincokole kancinci. Umba yayingengomatshini okanye imilinganiselo yokusasa. Yayiluxinzelelo olushiyekileyo kwi ukugalela ngentsimbi engatyiwayo ukusuka ekupholiseni okungalinganiyo. Isisombululo ibingekuko ukutshintsha uyilo lokusabisa kakhulu; yayikukongeza inyathelo elilula lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokungcangcazela phambi komatshini onzima. Iqela le-Foundry alizange liyithathele ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yadibana ne-spec. Iqela lomatshini lalicinga nje ukuba izinto 'zazinzima.' Ukuvala loo msantsa kwayisombulula. Umboneleli obonelela ngeenkonzo zombini ngokwendalo unethuba elingcono lokusombulula ezi ngxaki zojongano.
Ukungaphumeleli nguMfundisi oNgcono kunoMbaleko oQhelekileyo
Makhe sithethe ngeyokwenene. Umxhasi wayefuna i-impeller yesiko lekhemikhali enodaka oluludaka. Isixhobo sachazwa njengentsimbi emhlophe yechromium ephezulu yokumelana nokuqhawuka. Sayijula, sayenza ngoomatshini, yayikhangeleka igqibelele. Yasilela ebaleni kwiiveki, iqhekeka ukusuka kwi-hub ngaphandle. I-Post-mortem ibonise ukuqhekeka kukuqhekeka okuncinci, akunxitywa. Sasigxile kakhulu ekuxhathiseni i-abrasion asiyihoyi impembelelo kunye nokothuka kwe-thermal. Ulungiso ibingeyonkqubo yokuphosa eyahlukileyo; yayiyinto ekhethiweyo yezinto eziphathekayo ngokupheleleyo-intsimbi eqinile, engaphantsi kwentsimbi ekhuni kunye nokukhusela. Siphumelele i-odolo kwakhona kuba sifunde kwaye sabonisa uhlalutyo lwe-metallurgical. Umxhasi wasithemba ngakumbi emva kokusilela, kuba sasiqonda ukuba kutheni yasilela.
La mava abumba into oyijongayo. Xa ndibona ipotfoliyo yenkampani ngoku, andichukumiseki kangako yimifanekiso emenyezelayo ndize ndibe nomdla ngakumbi kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga—leyo ngokucacileyo yayilucelomngeni. Abo mhlawumbi babenokusilela okanye ezimbini kwimbali yabo. Bubuchule bokwenyani obo. Ngumahluko phakathi kwevenkile elandela imiyalelo kunye nenye enika isigwebo.
Yiyo loo nto, xa uvavanya iqabane elinokubakho, iminyaka yabo yokusebenza kunye noluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo, njengeminyaka engama-30+ kunye namava abanzi e-alloy ekhankanywe QSY, bonisa ubunzulu obuvela ekuhlangabezaneni—nokusombulula—ezi ngxaki zingezoncwadi. Mhlawumbi bathumele ezinye iindawo ababengazingcanga ngazo, kwangethuba, kwaye loo mava azisa ulawulo lwabo lwangoku lwenkqubo.
IiNkcukacha ezingafunekiyo eziBalulekileyo
Okokugqibela, akukho mntu uyonwabayo malunga ne-gating kunye noyilo lokunyuka, kodwa yintliziyo yesandi. Akunjalo nje malunga nokutyisa isinyithi; imalunga nokuqiniswa kolwalathiso. Ufuna indawo yokuqina ukusuka kweyona ndawo ikude umva ukuya kwisikhuphukeli, ngoko ke ukushwabana kweporosity kuphelela kwisinyusi, hayi indawo. Kuba ngqindilili intsimbi yokugalela inxalenye njengesixhobo esingenanto, oku kubalulekile. Yifumane ingalunganga, kwaye ufumana indawo ephakathi yesiponji enokuthi idlule e-UT ukuba incinci, kodwa iya kubulala ubomi bokudinwa.
Enye ingcaciso engathandekiyo: unyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa. Kwiintsimbi ezininzi zekhabhoni kunye ne-low-alloy, kunyanzelekile ukukhulula uxinzelelo kunye nokulungelelanisa isakhiwo. Kodwa umjikelo ubalulekile. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye useta uxinzelelo olutsha. Ukucotha kakhulu, kwaye uchitha amandla. Kwi-stainless, ngakumbi amabanga afana ne-17-4 PH, unyango lobushushu linyathelo lokuchaza ipropathi. Awufudumezi kwaye upholisa nje; uyaguga ukuya kwizigaba ezinzima. Uphose ubushushu okanye ixesha, kunye neempawu zoomatshini zicimile, nokuba ukuphosa bekugqibelele.
Oku kukusila ukwenza okulungileyo intsimbi / iinxalenye zokugalela intsimbi. Kuluhlu lwezigqibo ezincinci ezilikhulu, ukusuka kwivenkile yeepateni ukuya kwiziko lokuphatha ubushushu. Akukho qhinga lomlingo elinye. Imalunga nokungaguquguquki, ukuphaphama, kunye nethala leencwadi elinzulu, ngamanye amaxesha libuhlungu, leziphumo ezidlulileyo. Usukelo asikokuba nje ube nenxaxheba; kukwenza inxalenye enyamalalayo kwindibano yomxhasi kwaye isebenze, ngokungahambelaniyo, iminyaka. Olo lolona phawu lwempumelelo, kwaye lulo olwahlula umthengisi wamacandelo kwiqabane lokwenyani lemveliso.
