Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-industrial sand casting', baba nomfanekiso wendlela emdaka, nekhohlakeleyo yokwenza iintsimbi ezirhabaxa. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Asikokulahla nje isinyithi emngxunyeni wesanti. Ubuchule bokwenyani busekulawuleni izinto eziguquguqukayo wonke umntu ongomnye ongahoywanga-'amandla aluhlaza' omxube wesanti, ukuphuma kweegesi ongenakuzibona, ukuthambeka kwe-thermal ngexesha lokuqina ekungekho mntu uthetha ngako kwiincwadana ezinemifanekiso. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba baphatha isanti njengesitya esingasebenziyo, hayi umntu othatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo.
Isiseko: Konke kumalunga neSanti (kwaye Ayisiyiyo)
Masiyiqonde le nto. 'Isanti' ekugalweni kwesanti kwimizi-mveliso zizinto ezenziwe ngobunjineli. Isanti ye-silica ixhaphakile, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa inkqubo ye-binder kulapho umlingo okanye usizi lwenzeka khona. Ibhondi yodongwe (isanti eluhlaza) iyakhawuleza kwaye ifikeleleka kwixabiso eliphezulu lokuqhuba okufana neebhloko zenjini, kodwa kwizindlu zempompo ezintsonkothileyo ezinamacandelo abhityileyo? Unokuba ngcono kwiinkqubo ezibotshelelwe nge-resin njenge-furan okanye i-phenolic. Ukhetho luchaza yonke into-ukugqiba umphezulu, ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional, ukuba isanti iwa ngokulula kangakanani emva kokugalela ukuphepha ukukrazula okushushu. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wecandelo lebhokisi yegiya yaselwandle apho sasibambene nesanti eluhlaza ngokwexabiso. Isiphumo? Iziphene eziqhubekayo ze-veining kwiitshaneli zangaphakathi. Sitshintshele kwisanti ye-zircon ene-resin catalyst ethile, ingxaki yasonjululwa, kodwa ixabiso lokungunda litsibe. Lulo olo lurhwebo oluqhubekayo.
Enye inkcukacha: ukubuyisela isanti. Akunjalo nje ngokuba luhlaza; kuqoqosho kunye nokungaguquguquki. Isanti ebuyiselweyo iziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iinkozo ziba ngqukuva, izohlwayo ziyaqokelelana. Ukuba awuyijongi i-LOI (Ilahleko kwi-Ignition) kwaye uhlengahlengise izongezo zakho zesibophelelo, amandla akho okubumba aba ngumdlalo wokuqikelela. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu emva kweveki yokuvelisa ukungunda okubonakala ngathi kugqibelele okwathi ke kwadilika ngexesha lokuphatha. Umoni? Ipesenti yesanti ebangwayo iye yangena phezulu kakhulu ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo lwenkqubo.
Apha kulapho ukuba neqabane elinolwazi olunzulu ngezinto eziphathekayo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engama-30 kwi-casting, babeza kufumana oku ngokukhawuleza. Basebenza kulo lonke ukubumba iqokobhe, utyalo-mali, kunye nokuphosa isanti, ukuze baqonde iipropathi zemithombo yeendaba ezahlukeneyo zokungunda ngaphakathi. Ayikokukhetha nje indlela; malunga nokwazi ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yesanti ehambelana ne-alloy kunye nejometri. Umzekelo, umzimba wevalvu yentsimbi engenastainless ofuna ukuchasana nokudleka okuphezulu kunokufuna i-nitrogen furan resin ephantsi ukunqanda ukugqobhoza komphezulu, i-nuance enokuthi iphoswe yivenkile jikelele.
Ipateni kunye nenkohliso yokulula
Wonke umntu ugxininisa kwintsimbi. Ipateni idla ngokuba yingcamango yamva, eyimpazamo enkulu. Ukuphosa isanti, imathiriyeli yepateni, uyilo, kunye nokugqiba kubaluleke kakhulu. Iipateni zokhuni zilungile kwiiprototypes okanye ukuhamba okufutshane, kodwa kwimveliso eqhubekayo, isinyithi okanye i-epoxy eyomeleziweyo iyimfuneko. Ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula kwipatheni yokhuni kutshintsha imilinganiselo ngokufihlakeleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ngequbuliso ubukhulu bodonga lwakho lokuphosa buphumile.
Emva koko kukho idrafti. Incwadi ethi 1-3 degrees. Okwenyani kumdaka. Iipokotho ezinzulu zinokufuna ngaphezulu. Umphezulu owenziweyo unokufuna ngaphezulu. Sakhe saba nepateni yeqhekeza loyilo lokuhombisa elinoyilo oluthe nkqo olunembambo. Uyilo lweencwadi zezifundo lwalunganelanga; isanti yayimana ukukrazuka ngexesha lokuzoba ipateni. Kwafuneka sandise idrafti, eguqule kancinane iprofayili yobuhle, ifuna ukubonisana kwangaphambili kunye nomthengi wokugqibela. Zezi zigwebo ezihamba ngokubhabha ezahlula ukuphosa okusebenzayo kwi-scrap.
Ukwenza iipateni kukwabophelela kumatshini. Isiseko esihle sicinga kwangaphambili. Ukuba wenza i-iturbine yezindlu eziya kuthi kamva zifune ukudinwa kwe-CNC echanekileyo, kufuneka ushiye isibonelelo esaneleyo nesingaguqukiyo sesitokhwe kwi-casting. Apha kulapho umsebenzi odibeneyo ubonisa ixabiso lawo. Kwi-QSY, umzekelo, i-in-house CNC machining ikhono labo lithetha ukuba banokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwinqanaba lomatshini ukuya kwivenkile yepateni: Sihlala sibetha iindawo ezinzima apha kwi-flange, kufuneka silungise ukulinganisa okupholisa okanye ukongeza i-chill kwipatheni. Le ngxelo ivaliweyo luthuli lwegolide lokuhambelana kobukhulu.
Ukugalela: The Controlled Chaos
Lo ngumzuzu wenyaniso. I-chemistry enyibilikayo kufuneka ilungile-i-deoxidized ngokufanelekileyo, ukushisa ngaphakathi kwefestile eqinile. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ukungena ngokugqithisileyo kwisanti, uyonakalisa umphezulu. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ukungavisisani. Kodwa umbulali omkhulu, ohlala ethule, sisiphithiphithi. Ufuna ukuzaliswa kwe-laminar. Umjelo onesiphithiphithi ungenisa umoya kunye ne-slag, udala ukufakwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwi-casting apho ungenakukwazi ukukubona kude kube kusilela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo.
Uyilo lwenkqubo yokugawula lubugcisa obuninzi kunenzululwazi. Ndibone iimodeli eziyilwe kakuhle zeCAD zamasango kunye nezinyusi eziqhube kakubi. Ngoba? Isoftware yokulinganisa ithatha iimeko ezifanelekileyo. Enyanisweni, ukugqobhoza kwesanti bekucinyiwe, okanye isitya sokugalela asizange sigcinwe sigcwele. Sakhe sakopa uyilo lokungena kwindawo yentsimbi elingana nobungakanani bomsebenzi we-nickel ephezulu. I-alloy yayineempawu ezahlukileyo kunye neempawu zokuqiniswa. Isiphumo yaba yi-shrinkage porosity kwiziko le-thermal. Kwafuneka siyiyile ngokutsha indawo yokunyuka, siyenze ibe nkulu kwaye sifake imikhono ephuma ngaphandle ukuze ihlale inyibilika ixesha elide. Yasebenza, kodwa yayisisifundo sokungaziphathi ngokufanayo zonke iintsimbi.
Esi sigaba kulapho ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zikuvavanya ngokwenene. Amava e-QSY nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys ifanelekile apha. Ezi ngxubevange zihlala zineendawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika kunye noluhlu oluncinci lokuqiniswa. Bathanda ukukrazuka kushushu ukuba umngundo womelele kakhulu. Ukubola kwesixokelelwano sakho sesanti emva kokugalelwa siba sibaluleke njengamandla aso phambi kokugalelwa. Yibhalansi ebuthathaka ufunda kuphela ekuphatheni ezi mathiriyeli ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
I-Shakeout, ukuCoca, kunye neeNdleko ezifihlakeleyo
Emva kokuphola kokuphola, kuyashukunyiswa. Oku kubonakala kuthe ngqo. Kodwa i-shakeout enobundlongondlongo inokubangela ukonakala koomatshini kwi-castings ecekeceke. Amasango kunye nezinyusi kufuneka zisuswe. Kwiintsimbi ze-alloy eziphezulu okanye ezingenasici, oku kudla ngokuthetha ukusika i-plasma okanye i-abrasive sawing, kungekhona nje ukubethelwa kwesando esilula.
Emva koko kuza ukucoca-eyona nxalenye inzima kakhulu kunye nexabiso elincinci lenkqubo. Ukuqhushumba kwesanti ukususa isanti etshileyo. Ukusila ukugudisa imigca yokwahlula kunye nabafowunelwa be-feeder. Kulapho kubonakala khona iziphene ezingaphezulu: ukufakwa kwesanti, imingxuma yegesi, izivalo ezibandayo. Iindleko zokusebenza kwakhona apha zinokubulala umda weprojekthi. Inkqubo eyilwe kakuhle enolawulo lwesanti elungileyo iyayinciphisa le nto, kodwa ayikhe ibe zero. Ndichithe iintsuku ndine-die grinder kunye nekhithi yokulungisa i-weld ndizama ukuhlenga ibhetshi yokuphosa eyayinemingxuma engaphantsi komhlaba, isiphoso esilandelelwe emva kwibhetshi yesanti enokufuma okuphezulu.
Esi sigaba sasemva kokuphosa kungenxa yokuba ukusebenzisana kunye nesibonelelo esinomatshini ongaphakathi endlwini kuyinzuzo yeqhinga. Thatha icandelo elikhankanyiweyo Iwebhusayithi ye-QSY (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com). Ukuba bavelisa i-casing yempompo yentsimbi engenasici ngokuphosa isanti, bangayihambisa ngokuthe ngqo koomatshini babo be-CNC ukuze bajonge i-flange, ukugrumba umngxuma webholiti, kunye nokuvala umphezulu wokutywina. Oku kuphelisa izinto zokusebenza, ukuphatha ukuphosa ngononophelo (bayazazi iindawo ezibuthathaka), kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zoomatshini ziyahlonitshwa. I-loop yempendulo ikhawuleza.
Xa Ukwenziwa Kwesanti (kwaye Ayiyiyo) Impendulo
Ukugaywa kwesanti ye-industrial kugqwesa kwiindawo eziphakathi ukuya kwiindawo ezinkulu, kwimiqulu ephakathi ukuya phezulu, apho ijometri ivuleleke ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ubunzima bangaphakathi bulawulwa ngama-cores. Ilungile kwiziseko zoomatshini abanzima, imizimba yevalvu emikhulu, izindlu zempompo. Isixhobo sayo (ipateni) ixabiso lisezantsi kunongundo osisigxina okanye ukufa kwe-die cast, okwenza ukuba isebenze kuhambo olufutshane.
Kodwa akusiyo impendulo yayo yonke into. Ukuba ufuna imiphezulu egudileyo kakhulu, ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo okungaphantsi kwe-IT13, okanye iindonga ezibhityileyo (ngaphantsi kwe-3mm kwiintsimbi ezinentsimbi), utyhala ngokuchasene nendalo yayo. Kulapho ujonga ukubunjwa kweqokobhe (ukugqiba okungcono, kulungile kubunzima obuphakathi) okanye utyalo-mali (kwimilo entsonkothileyo, ukugqiba okugqwesileyo). Umniki-nkonzo onobuchule akathengisi nje inkqubo enye. Kufuneka bakucebise. Ukujonga ipotifoliyo ye-QSY, edibanisa iqokobhe, utyalo-mali, kunye nokuphosa isanti, babekwe kwindawo yokwenza loo mnxeba ngokufanelekileyo. Banokuthi bacebise ukuphoswa kwesanti enkulu, enkulu engenanto engenanto kodwa bakuqhubele kwi-investment casting ye-impeller entsonkothileyo enamacangca ajijekileyo.
Eyona nto uyithathelayo? Ukwenziwa kwesanti yeshishini yinkqubo enzulu yobugcisa, eguquguqukayo-etyebileyo ezenza ilula. Impumelelo ilele ekuhlonipheni isanti, ukubamba ipateni, ukulawula ukugalelwa, kunye nokuba nendlela ecacileyo yokusetyenzwa ngasemva. Ayiphelelwa lixesha; sisixhobo esisisiseko esithi, xa sisetyenziswa ngengqiqo nolwazi olunzulu olusebenzayo, sivelise iinxalenye ezomelele ngokumangalisayo nezingabizi kakhulu. Iivenkile eziphucukileyo zezo zibona lonke ikhonkco, ukusuka kwingqumba yesanti ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo yomatshini, njengenkqubo enye edibeneyo. Lowo ngumahluko phakathi kokwenza ukuphosa kunye nokwenza icandelo elithembekileyo.
