Uva 'ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali' kwaye iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwiwax elahlekileyo, ubucwebe obuntsonkothileyo, okanye iiblade zeinjini yomoya. Nantso ke impendulo yencwadi. Kodwa kumgangatho wevenkile, kuncinci malunga nembali yothando kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nothethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwamabhongo oyilo kunye nenyani yomzimba. Ibali lokwenyani alikho egameni; kukungaphumeleli okuncinci okuliwaka kunye nohlengahlengiso olwenzekayo phambi kokuba ufumane imveliso esebenzayo. Uninzi lwabathengi beza becinga ukuba yinkqubo yomlingo yokwenza nantoni na entsonkothileyo-thumela nje ifayile yeCAD kwaye ulinde iindawo ezigqibeleleyo. Leyo yokuqala, kwaye ihlala ibiza kakhulu, ukungaqondi kakuhle.
Umdlalo weShell: Konke kumalunga neSiseko
Wonke umntu ugxile kwipatheni ye-wax, kodwa iqokobhe kulapho idabi liphumelele okanye lilahlekile. Ayikokuntywiliselwa nje kunye ne-stuccoing; yiprojekthi yolawulo lwekhemistri kunye nobushushu. I-viscosity ye-slurry, ukufuma kwe-ambient ngaloo mini, ixesha lokumisa phakathi kweedyasi-inguqu nganye itshintsha umphumo. Sinemisebenzi apho iqokobhe lalijongeka ligqibelele, kuphela ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokuthotywa kwe-waxing ngenxa yokuba ijiko lokothuka kwe-thermal laliphezulu kakhulu kwijometri ethile. Ufunda ukufunda amaqokobhe. Ukwahluka kombala omncinci kwi-ceramic kungabonisa umba wokufuma oya kukhokelela ekufakweni kamva.
Kwindawo yethu, siqhuba zombini i-silica kunye ne-zircon-based based slurries ngokuxhomekeke kwi-alloy. Kwii-alloys eziphezulu ze-nickel, usoloko uhamba nge-zirconia yobuso bokuqala ukuthintela ukuphendula kwesinyithi. Lixabiso, kodwa ukuzama ukonga imali kukho indlela eqinisekileyo yokufumana indawo eyonakeleyo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi ye-pump impeller kwi-316L apho sasebenzisa idyasi yobuso be-silica eqhelekileyo njengovavanyo. Isiphumo? 'Ixolo le-orenji' kwincam eziphambili ezifuna iiyure zokusila ezongezelelweyo. Iqokobhe liye lasabela. Isifundo esifundiweyo, ngoku yiprothokholi eqhelekileyo.
Ubungakanani besanti yestucco bobunye ubugcisa. Tsibela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwibakala elirhabaxa, kwaye uphulukane nokugcinwa kweenkcukacha. Hambisa kancinci kakhulu, kwaye ixesha lokwakha iqokobhe alinakwenzeka, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni iingxaki zamandla aluhlaza. Simisele ukuqhubela phambili, kodwa nangona kunjalo, kwitshaneli ezinzulu, ezimxinwa, sinokufaka idyasi eyongezelelweyo ephakathi. Zezi zigqibo zingenabugocigoci, ezicacileyo ezichaza umgangatho.
Ukuziphatha kweAlloy: Iqabane elingalindelekanga
Ukuthetha nge-alloys, kulapho ulwazi oluqhelekileyo lusilela khona. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali uthembisa inkululeko yoyilo, kodwa isinyithi sinemithetho yayo. Iintsimbi ezingenasici ezifana ne-304 kunye ne-316 zixolela ngokulinganayo, kodwa xa ungena kwii-superalloys-i-Inconel, i-Hastelloys, i-cobalt-based based stuff-yonke into iyatshintsha. Iimpawu zabo zokunyibilika, ukuguquguquka, kunye nendlela abashwabana ngayo lihlabathi elahlukileyo.
Sisebenze nomxhasi kwicandelo lezonyango le-cobalt-chromium. Imodeli yeCAD yayineempawu ezintle, ezinodonga olucekethekileyo. Ukugalela kokuqala kusetyenziswa isango lethu eliqhelekileyo kunye nokunyuka kokungenaziphene kukhokelele kwimitruns eqhubekayo. Ingxubevange ayizange ihambe ngendlela efanayo; 'Yancamathela' ngokukhawuleza. Kwafuneka sihlengahlengise yonke inkqubo yokutya, sifudukela kumasango amaninzi, amancinci ukuze sisasaze isinyithi ngokukhawuleza kwaye sisebenzise amaqondo obushushu ashushu, nto leyo eyasinyanzela ukuba sihlengahlengise iqokobhe langaphambi kobushushu ukuze siphephe ukothuka kwe-thermal. Kwathatha izihlandlo ezithathu. Le yilaphu efihliweyo: tshintsha isinyithi, kwaye uhlala uphinda uyinjineli inkqubo ukusuka kwipatheni ukuya phezulu.
I-Shrinkage yenye i-classic pitfall. Isibonelelo sokucutheka somenzi wepatheni sisiqalo, ayisosiqinisekiso. Kwijiyometri entsonkothileyo kwi-iron ductile, ukucutheka akufani. Singasebenzisa i-2.1% yesibonelelo somgca, kodwa kwindawo eshinyeneyo, iya kutsala ngokwahlukileyo kunewebhu encinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka ungeze ukuphazamiseka kweqhinga kwipatheni ye-wax-i-bend encinci yangaphambili, ngokomzekelo-ngoko iphazamisa kwimo echanekileyo ngexesha lokupholisa. Ufunda oku kuphela ngokulinganisa amakhulukhulu okwenziwa, ukwenza iyelenqe lokunxaxha, nokusebenza umva.
Ukuxhawulana kwesandla ngoMatshini: Kutheni ukuCalwa kungaze kume Wedwa
Le yingongoma ebalulekileyo edla ngokuphoswa. Zimbalwa kakhulu ii-investments zotyalo-mali ezigqityiweyo zisuka ngqo kwi-shakeout. Phantse basoloko befuna oomatshini. Yiyo loo nto kwi-QSY, i utyalo mali kunye nemisebenzi yomatshini ye-CNC ikwingxoxo rhoqo. Akunamsebenzi ukuphosa uphawu kunyamezelo oluqinileyo ukuba ukulungiswa komsebenzi wokungqusha okulandelayo akunakwenzeka okanye akuzinzanga.
Sasineprojekthi yomzimba wevalvu. Iipaseji zangaphakathi ze-as-cast zazilungile, kodwa umxhasi wayefuna itywina eligqibeleleyo ebusweni be-flange. Uyilo lokuqala lokuphosa lwalunesitokhwe esincinci somatshini apho, mhlawumbi yi-0.5mm. Ngokwethiyori, iyasebenza. Ngokwenza, ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa, inxalenye yajika kancane. Ngelixa sasiyicinezela kwibhedi ye-CNC, asikwazanga ukucoca ubuso bonke ngelixa sigcina ukuthamba. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva kwaye silungise ukufa kwe-wax ukongeza i-1.5mm eyongezelelweyo yesitokhwe kobo buso. Kwakuthetha ixesha elingakumbi lomatshini, kodwa yaqinisekisa i-spec. I-synergy ingundoqo; awuthengisi nje ukujula, uthengisa isakhelo esinomatshini.
Le ndlela idibeneyo yinto ethandwa ziinkampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) zakhiwe kumashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekusaseni nasematshinini, iluphu yempendulo imfutshane. Iqela lomatshini lixelela i-Foundry, Sitshisa izixhobo kule ndawo enzima, kwaye i-Foundry inokujonga izinga lokugonywa okanye lokupholisa. Yimeko esebenzayo, yokusombulula ingxaki ekuvumela ukuba ujongane nemathiriyeli ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwialloyi esekwe nickel ngokuzithemba.
Ukugada kunye nokutya: Abaqhubi beendleko ezithe cwaka
Ukuba ufuna ukubona apho inzuzo iphuma khona utyalo mali, jonga inkqubo yokungena. Yintsimbi egalelwayo kodwa ayikhe ihambe ngenqanawa. Uyilo lokungena oluvila okanye olugcinayo lunokuba nesivuno se-40%-ithetha ukuba i-60% yentsimbi egalelwe iphelela njenge-melt okanye i-scrap. Injongo kukufumana eso sivuno ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60%, 70%, okanye ngaphezulu kwiimilo ezilula.
Isoftware yokulinganisa iyanceda, kodwa ayiyovangeli. Siyisebenzisela ukuqikelela iindawo ezishushu kunye ne-shrinkage porosity. Kodwa iimodeli zezinto zesoftware ziqikelelo. Sisoloko siqinisekisa ngomzimba. Kwinxalenye entsha entsonkothileyo, ngamanye amaxesha siya kuqhuba inqaku lokuqala elinama-thermocouples afakwe kwiqokobhe kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Idatha esiyifumanayo ihlala ibonisa ukuba ukulinganisa bekucinywe yimizuzwana embalwa ebalulekileyo okanye idigri, ngokwaneleyo ukuhambisa indawo yokuncipha. Emva koko ibuyele kwimodeli yenyani ukuze udibanise ubungakanani besondlo okanye ukubekwa.
Ezona ngxaki zinxunguphalisayo zezo ziphakathi. Ipateni iya kuhamba kakuhle iinyanga, emva koko ngequbuliso ufumana i-porosity kwindawo ethile. Amatyeli alithoba kwalishumi, lutshintsho lwemathiriyeli ekrwada-ibhetshi entsha yealloyi enezinto zomkhondo ezahluke kancinane, okanye utshintsho kumxube wewax ochaphazela ukwandiswa kwayo. Uba ngumcuphi, ulandela emva kwiilogs zenkqubo. Kuyazithoba. Ikukhumbuza ukuba le yinkqubo yenzululwazi yemathiriyeli, hayi nje eyomatshini.
Umgangatho owaneleyo
Ekugqibeleni, ingcamango ngemigangatho yomgangatho. I-aerospace kunye nezonyango zineenkcazo zazo, kwaye azixoxisani. Kodwa kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, ukufuna ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo ngumgodi wemali. Obona buchule kukwazi ukuba yintoni 'elungileyo ngokwaneleyo' kulo msebenzi. Ngaba umphezulu omncinci uyahexa kumphezulu ongeyo-cosmetic wangaphakathi ubalulekile? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Ngaba i pore encinci, eyodwa eshwabeneyo kwindawo engathwali mthwalo ibalulekile? Isenokungabi njalo.
Sichitha ixesha elininzi sifundisa abathengi ngale nto. Ukuhlolwa kweRadiographic (X-reyi) kuya kufumana konke ukungaqhubeki. Umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba kukungaqhubeki okwamkelekileyo ngokomgangatho ofanelekileyo (njenge-ASTM E192). Ukutyhala ukuphosa okuneziphene ezibonakala zingenaziro kunokuphinda kathathu iindleko kunye nexesha lokukhokela ngenxa yokwanda kwenkunkuma kunye nenkqubo yobunjineli obugqithisileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, indlela eyongayo nekhawulezayo kukuyila ngeempawu zendalo zenkqubo engqondweni, ukuvumela imathiriyeli kwiindawo ezityekele kwi-micro-porosity, kunokuba uzame ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo.
Nantso ke ubulumko obuqokelelweyo, obudinwa kancinane bokwenza oku iminyaka. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali Asikokufikelela kwimfezeko kwindawo engenanto. Imalunga nokulawula ityathanga leenkqubo zomzimba eziguquguqukayo ukuze zithembeke, nangokwezoqoqosho, zivelise iindawo ezisebenzayo. Yiwax, i-ceramic, umlilo, isinyithi, kunye neefowuni ezininzi eziqokelelweyo, ezifunyenwe nzima. Iinkampani ezihlala zihleli, njenge-QSY egxininise kwiminyaka elishumi emithathu kubumba lweqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali oludityaniswe noomatshini, bayayiqonda loo bhalansi. Imodeli ekhazimlayo ye-CAD ikufaka emnyango, kodwa bubumdaka, ulawulo lwenkqubo olungacocekanga olunikezela ngenxalenye elingana kwaye isebenza.
