Uyazi, xa abantu abangaphandle korhwebo besiva 'umgubo wesinyithi', bahlala betsibela ngokuthe ngqo ekucinezeleni—ukudityaniswa kwaloo mgubo ocolekileyo, owomileyo ube kwindawo eyaziwayo 'eluhlaza'. Nantso into ebonakalayo. Kodwa i-alchemy yangempela, apho umphefumlo wezinto eziphathekayo ugqitywe ngokwenene, kwenzeka eziko ngexesha ukucula. Ligama elilula elikhohlisayo lenkqubo egcwele i-nuance. Yifumane kakubi, kwaye awujongi nje kwindawo ebuthathaka; ujonge i-scrap ethe yagqitha kumanyathelo abizayo aliqela kwaye yasilela kumdlalo wokugqibela, umqobo wobushushu. Akunjalo nje 'ukuyifudumeza'; ngumdaniso olawulwayo wokusasaza, ukwakheka kwentamo, kunye nokujikeleza kwepore, zonke zijinga kulawulo oluchanekileyo lwexesha, ubushushu kunye nomoya.
I-Atmosphere ayiyo nje igesi yangasemva
Kwasekuqaleni, ndakufunda oku kabuhlungu. Sasinebhetshi yeeflange zentsimbi enealloyi ephantsi, zicinezelwe kakuhle. Umjikelo wesithando somlilo wawusekwe kwiresiphi endala eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ulawulo lwe-atmospheric lwalunosuku olungekhoyo-ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwi-endothermic gas composition, indawo yombethe engaphezulu kunoko kufanelekile. Isiphumo? I-decarburization ebusweni ebusweni obunomthwalo obalulekileyo. Amalungu abukeka elungile, agqithise umbono oqhelekileyo, kodwa phantsi kovavanyo lwe-microhardness, abonisa ulusu oluthambileyo. Ayinamsebenzi kwisicelo. Kulapho yacofa khona: umoya we-sintering awuyondawo engenzi nto; ngumthathi-nxaxheba osebenzayo. Kwiintsimbi, imalunga nokugcina amandla ekhabhoni. Ukungacoceki, kumalunga nokuthintela ukwenziwa kwechromium oxide, okunokuthetha ukucoceka okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen okanye ivacuum run. Ndikhumbula ndikhangela ibhetshi ekhethekileyo yerhasi kumboneleli ebesimthembile, kwaye umahluko kwinxalenye yokugqibela yayibubusuku nemini.
Oku kunxulumana nezixhobo esihlala siziphethe. Kwi-QSY, kunye nemvelaphi yethu kwi-investment casting kunye nokwenza ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based based, i-mindset ifana kodwa ukubulawa kuyahluka. Ukuphosa kujongana nokuhamba kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo; umgubo we-metallurgy sintering ijongene nokusasazeka kwemeko eqinileyo. Kodwa ulwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo luyawela. Xa umxhasi esiza nesicelo secandelo le-cobalt-chromium elifuna ukuxhathisa okuphezulu, siyazi kumava ethu okuphosa ukuba ezi ngxubevange zinovakalelo kangakanani kwimbali yobushushu. Ukuguqulela oko kwindlela ye-PM kuthetha ukuqonda ukuba ubushushu be-sintering kwi-alloy enjalo ayiyondawo enye kodwa yifestile emxinwa-iphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ukuxinana kuyahlupheka; phezulu kakhulu, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni wokukhula okuziinkozo okugqithisileyo okanye ukwakheka kwesigaba solwelo esigqwetha indawo. Iprofayili yesithando somlilo iba yinto ebalulekileyo.
Awukwazi ukuthetha nge-atmosphere ngaphandle kokuchukumisa ii-vacuum furnaces. Bayi-godsend yezinto ezisebenzayo. Siye saqhuba ezinye izilingo kunye ne-316L ye-powder compacts. Kwimo ye-hydrogen, ungafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, kodwa i-vacuum sintering? Ivelise iinxalenye ezinemida ecocekileyo yokutya okuziinkozo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa okungaphezulu, okubalulekileyo kwezinye zezinto zaselwandle esibuzwe ngazo. I-downside yindleko kunye nexesha lomjikelo. Luvandlakanyo oluthe gqolo lokurhweba: ngaba ingeniso yentsebenzo iyazithethelela iindleko zemveliso? Olu lubalo lwehlabathi lokwenyani esilwenza mihla le, hayi nje umbuzo wencwadi.
Iqondo lobushushu kunye nexesha: YiProfayili, hayi uSetingi
Omnye umngxunya oqhelekileyo kukuphatha ubushushu be-sintering njengenani elinye olisetayo kwaye ulibambe. Ngokwenyani, umlinganiselo wokunyuka, amaxesha okufunxa kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi (njengesibophelelo sokutshiswa kwiindawo ezibunjiweyo zenaliti yomgubo), kunye nezinga lokupholisa zonke ziyinxalenye 'yeprofayile'. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesixhobo esintsonkothileyo apho safumana ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokupholisa. Umoni? Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu elitshisayo. Iigradient ezishushu zibangela uxinizelelo lokuba i-microstructure esazidibanisayo ayikwazanga ukumelana nayo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba silungise inkqubo yesithando somlilo ukuze iquke indawo epholileyo elawulwayo. Yongeza iiyure kumjikelo kodwa yagcina yonke ibhetshi.
Apha kulapho ukuva okubonakalayo kungena khona. Kodwa kumgangatho wevenkile, ujonge iimpawu. Umbala wamacandelo aphumayo, isandi abasenzayo xa ucofa kancinane (i-thud e-dull ngokubhekiselele kwindandatho epholileyo), kwanendlela abahlala ngayo kwi-tray ye-sintering-warpage yinto efileyo yokufudumeza okungalinganiyo okanye ukuxhaswa kakubi ngexesha lomjikelezo we-thermal. Zizitshekhi ezisemgangathweni, eziphuculweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezibamba iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba i-CMM okanye umvavanyi we-tensile enze.
Ukudibanisa oku emva kwizakhono zethu ezidibeneyo kwi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), inyathelo sintering ayisosiqithi. Inxalenye inokuphuma kwiziko kwi-95% yoxinaniso lwethiyori. Kwizicelo ezininzi, kulungile. Kodwa kumzimba wevalve yehydraulic ofuna ukuqina okuvuza ngokupheleleyo, unokufuna utyando lwesibini olufana nokufakwa kweresin. Okanye, inokuya ngqo kwiiseli zethu ze-CNC zokugqiba imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo-ukugrumba imingxunya echanekileyo, ukuthunga, ukudala indawo yokutywina. Inyaniso yokuba silawula zombini inkqubo ye-sintering kunye ne-machining elandelayo phantsi kophahla olulodwa kuthetha ukuba siyayiqonda indlela i-microstructure ye-sintered eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokusika. Inxalenye engafakwanga kakuhle inokugqabhuka kwaye ihlafune izixhobo; oomatshini kakuhle sintered omnye ngokucocekileyo. Lolophu yempendulo phakathi kwevenkile yeziko kunye neziko lomatshini lixabiseke kakhulu.
ILifa leNdawo yoHlaza
Yonke into kwi-sintering imiselwe kwangaphambili yimeko ye-compact eluhlaza. Ukuxinana komgangatho wokucofa, naziphi na iziphene zokulanywa, ukufana komgubo wokusasazwa—ezi zinto azinyangeki ezikweni; bayanda. Umahluko omncinci woxinaniso unokukhokelela ekucuthekeni okungafaniyo, ukuguqula isiphene esincinci esicinezelayo sibe yinto enkulu yokwaliwa kwangethuba. Sakhe saba nemiba ngephini elide, elibhityileyo. Bebephuma begobile. Emva kokusukela iiprofayili zesithando somlilo, ekugqibeleni sajonga emva kwisixhobo. Ukungalungelelani okungephi kushicilelo kwakubangela ukugcwala komgubo ongalinganiyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuxinana okuluhlaza okungalinganiyo. Lungisa umshicileli, lungisa inxalenye ye-sintered. Isifundo: Ukucula kudla ngokutyholwa ngeengxaki ezizalwe kwangethuba kwitsheyini lenkqubo.
Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kwi-investment casting, obunye ubuchule obuphambili be-QSY, umngundo uchaza ubume. Kwi-PM, ukufa kuyichaza ekuqaleni, kodwa ke inxalenye iyancipha ngexesha le-sintering-kwaye ayisoloko iyancipha i-isotropically. Ukuyila i-tooling kufuna ukulindela le shrinkage ye-anisotropic, evela kwicala elicinezelayo kunye ne-particle orientation. Bubugcisa obunamandla njengenzululwazi. Sinethala leencwadi lezinto ezicuthekayo zemathiriyeli eyahlukeneyo kunye neejometri eziyinxalenye, ezakhiwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ezikhokela uyilo lwethu lwesixhobo. Awuyi kufumana loo manani ngqo kwincwadi yesandla.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle
Iintsilelo eziyintlekele—ukunyibilika, ukugqwetheka okunzulu—zicacile. Ezinamaqhinga ziziphene ezifihlakeleyo. Ukunyibilika kokuqala kwimida yeenkozo ngenxa yokuba usondele kakhulu kumgca we-solidus. I-over-sintering ekhokelela ekudumbeni, apho imingxuma evaliweyo idumba ngerhasi evalelekileyo. Okanye i-sintering, ishiya inxalenye ingenawo amandla aneleyo, isiphene esinokubonakala kuphela kuvavanyo lokudinwa ixesha elide emva kokuthunyelwa. Ndilumke ngakumbi ngealloyi. Umsebenzi wethu onama-alloys akhethekileyo ekuphoseni usinika intlonipho enempilo yokuzinza kwesigaba sabo. Ukusebenzisa oko kwi-PM, ukwenza i-nickel-based superalloy component ayikokufikelela nje ekufumaneni ingxinano; imalunga nokuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-gamma prime precipitate echanekileyo ngexesha lokupholisa, eyalela ukusebenza kwayo kobushushu obuphezulu. Oko kufuna unyango oluthile kakhulu lwe-post-sinter ubushushu, oluhlala ludityaniswa kumjikelo wokupholisa weziko ngokwalo.
Ulawulo lomgangatho emva kwe-sinter ayilojongo nje lomgangatho. Yimetalography. Ukusika inxalenye ukusuka kumthwalo ngamnye wesithando somlilo, ukunyuswa, ukupolisha, kunye nokuwukrola ukujonga ubume bepore kunye nobukhulu beenkozo. Ngaba iipores zingqukuva kwaye zodwa (zilungile) okanye zidibene (ezimbi)? Ngaba ulwakhiwo lweenkozo lukhule ngokugqithisileyo? Olu hlalutyo lwezandla alunakuxoxwa. Likhadi lengxelo yokugqibela yenkqubo yokucula. Ngamanye amaxesha, ubona into engalindelekanga-efana ne-oxide inclusions evela kumgubo ongcolileyo-kwaye uphando kufuneka lulandele umva nangaphambi kokuba ucinezele.
Sintering njengeSango leXabiso
Ekugqibeleni, kumhlaba okhuphisanayo, inkqubo ye-sintering isango elikhulu lokongeza ixabiso-okanye ukulahlekelwa yiyo. Unokuba nomgubo ogqibeleleyo, ucinezele ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa u-sintering ophakathi, kwaye uphele unemveliso ephakathi. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-mastering sintering inokuvula amandla apheleleyo ezinto eziphathekayo, kukuvumela ukuba unikeze iipropati ezikhuphisanayo ezenziweyo okanye eziphosiweyo, kodwa ngeenzuzo zezoqoqosho ze-PM. Kwinkampani efana ne-QSY, eqala ukuphosa, ukwenza, kunye nokuzibandakanya neenkqubo ze-PM, imbono iphelele. Asiyiboni i-sintering ingeyiyo inyathelo elodwa le-thermal, kodwa njengomsitho wokudala we-microstructural kwikhonkco le-PM. Kulapho amasuntswana omgubo eyeka ukuba ngabantu ngabanye kwaye abe yinto edibeneyo, esebenzayo yobunjineli. Ukuyilungisa kuko okwahlula amalungu akhoyo kumacandelo asebenza ngokuthembekileyo entsimini. Kwaye oko, ekugqibeleni, yiyo yonke into eyenziwa yimveliso.
