Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ukujulwa kwesanti yentsimbi', baba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wenkqubo ekrwada yamandulo yokwenza iindawo ezirhabaxa zentsimbi. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, namhlanje ukugalela isanti yentsimbi, ngakumbi xa sithetha ngentsimbi engwevu okanye i-ductile iron components, luqeqesho lobuchwephesha obuphezulu. Akunjalo nje ngokugalela isinyithi kwisibuko sesanti; kukulawula intlabathi ngokwayo—ukwakheka kwayo, ukungeneka kwayo, amandla ayo okukhupha iigesi—ukuze kuthintelwe intlaninge yeziphene ezinokususa ibhetshi. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba ugqaliselo lwalukunyibilika kwentsimbi kuphela, ngelixa inkqubo yesanti yayiyingcamango yamva. Isanti isiqingatha sedabi, mhlawumbi ngaphezulu.
Inkqubo yeSanti: Ayinamhlanga nje
Masingene kwigrit. Igama elithi isanti liyalahlekisa. Kwisiseko semveliso, ngumxube olungelelanisiweyo wesanti ye-silica, udongwe lwe-bentonite, amanzi, kunye nothuli lwamalahle (ulwandle) okanye ezinye izongezo. Umlinganiselo yinto yonke. Udongwe oluninzi, kwaye isikhunta siba nzima kakhulu, sithintela ukuphunyuka kwegesi efanelekileyo ngexesha lokugalela. Uza kufumana imivumbo kunye nemingxunya. Incinci kakhulu, kunye nobuso besikhunta bunokudilika okanye ukubola, okukhokelela ekufakweni kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wevalve yehydraulic valve apho sasihlala sifumana izithonga ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Sixoshe ingxaki ngesebe lokunyibilikisa iiveki ngaphambi kokuba ekugqibeleni siqonde ukuba ibhetshi yethu entsha ye-bentonite inomthamo owahlukileyo we-ion wokutshintshiselana. Intlabathi yayingaziphathi ngendlela efanayo. Utshintsho olufihlakeleyo, ingxaki enkulu.
Emva koko kukho ukuzinza kwe-thermal yesanti. Xa loo ntsimbi ye-1300 ° C + ibetha udonga lokungunda, isanti kufuneka imelane nomothuko we-thermal ngaphandle kokuxubana nokuphosa. Kwiijometri ezithile ezintsonkothileyo ezinamacandelo ashinyeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha sisebenzisa isanti yechromite okanye isanti ye-zircon kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokungunda. Ibiza kakhulu, kodwa inqanda ukutshisa kunye neziphene zokungena eziyiphupha elibi lokucoca kumatshini. Lubalo lweendleko-inzuzo oyenzayo ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi wenxalenye kunye nokunyamezela komthengi ukuphinda usebenze kwakhona.
I-Mulling kunye ne-aeration ziinkqubo ezingafumani ngxoxo yaneleyo ngaphandle kwesiseko somgangatho. Isanti kufuneka ixutywe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze igqume ukhozo ngalunye ngesibophelelo, emva koko kufuneka ifakwe umoya ukuze yaphule amaqhina kunye nokuhamba ngendlela efanayo. Intlabathi emdaka ngokungekho mgangathweni ikhokelela kubunzima bokungunda obungahambelaniyo. Unokuba nepateni egqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba isanti ayipakishi ngokulinganayo ngeenxa zonke kuyo, ukuchaneka komda wakho kuphuma ngefestile. Bubuchule obubambekayo—umakhwekhwetha osebenzisa i-muller unokwazi okuninzi ngokuva isanti.
Ukwenza iPattern: I-Blueprint in Wood and Metal
Ipatheni yimbonakaliso ebonakalayo yenxalenye, kunye nalo lonke ulwazi lomsunguli. Iidrafti engile, izibonelelo ezinciphayo, fillet radii, core print design-zonke zakhelwe kuyo. Kuba ukugalela isanti yentsimbi ibaleka, sisebenzisa iipateni zentsimbi (i-aluminiyam okanye intsimbi) ukuqina. Kodwa ifilosofi yoyilo ingundoqo. Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukuyila ipateni njengekopi ethe ngqo yemodeli yeCAD. Intsimbi iyancipha, ngokuphawulekayo. Kwintsimbi engwevu, ujonge malunga nokushwabana kwe-1%. Ngoko ipateni yakho kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye akukho mgca; ubukhulu becandelo elahlukileyo buphola ngamazinga ahlukeneyo, anokubangela ukugqwetheka. Sihlala sisebenzisa imithetho yokuncipha kwaye siguqule ipateni ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zenqaku lokuqala.
Iinkqubo zokungena kunye nokunyuka ziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kwipleyiti yepateni. Kulapho ubugcisa budibana khona nesayensi. Injongo kukufumana isinyithi esicocekileyo, esingenasiphithiphithi sokuzalisa i-cavity ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva koko ukondla i-shrinkage njengoko i-casting iqina. Ukubeka izinyusi (i-feeders) ngokungalunganga yimpazamo yakudala. Kufuneka zibe kumacandelo anzima kakhulu, okokugqibela ukuqinisa. Ndikhe ndanemizekelo apho indawo ephoswe kakuhle yonakaliswa ngumngxuma wokushwabana kumphathi obalulekileyo kuba isinyusi sasiziisentimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwindawo ekuso. Isoftware yokulinganisa iyanceda ngoku, kodwa akukho nto ithatha indawo yokusika uvule iisampulu ezimbalwa kunye nokubona ipateni yokuqinisa ngawakho amehlo.
Ukugcinwa kwepateni yinto engatshintshiyo. Isanti iyagqabhuka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iipatheni zinxiba, kwaye imilinganiselo iyahamba. Ishedyuli eqhelekileyo yokujonga imilinganiselo yepateni ngokuchasene nenkosi ayinakuxoxisana. Ngumsebenzi okruqulayo, okhuselayo osindisa intlaninge yentloko ebuhlungu ezantsi emgceni.
Ukugalela: Apho uLawulo ludibana khona nesiphithiphithi
Ukugalela intsimbi kukhangeleka ngendlela ekhohlisayo. Ayiyo. Ubushushu bubalulekile. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye wongeza umngcipheko wokutsha kwesanti kunye nokushwabana okugqithisileyo. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ii-mistruns, iingqele ezivaliweyo, okanye ukungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi okusilela ukuzalisa amacandelo amancinci. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zentsimbi engwevu, sijolise kuluhlu lokugalela phakathi kwe-1350 ° C kunye ne-1400 ° C, kodwa oku kulungiswa ngokusekwe kubukhulu becandelo kunye nobunzima benxalenye. Ufunda ukugweba ubumanzi bomlambo kunye nombala wesinyithi, kodwa i-thermocouples ngumhlobo wakho osenyongweni.
Isantya sokugalela sibalulekile. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokhukuliseko lokungunda kunye nesiphithiphithi esibambisa umoya kunye ne-slag. Icotha kakhulu, kwaye isinyithi siqala ukukhenkceza phambi kokuba umngundo ugcwale. Kukugalela okuzinzileyo, okuqhubekayo de ubone ukunyuka kwesinyithi kwizinyusi. I-slag kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-ladle ngaphambi nangexesha lokugalela. Nayiphi na i-slag engena kwi-mold iya kuba yinto edibeneyo. Sisiseko, isakhono sezandla ekungekho matshini unokuphindaphinda ngokupheleleyo okwangoku.
Umoya kwindawo yokugalela uxinezelekile, ngalo lonke ixesha. Ulawula ubushushu, isinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunye newotshi. Intsimbi iyaphola ukusuka ekuphumeni kwayo kwiziko. Kukho ifestile emxinwa ukuyilungisa. Ukhuseleko lolona lubalulekileyo, kodwa kukwanjalo. Ukuphazamiseka okomzuzwana kunokuthetha ukugalela okubi okanye okubi ngakumbi.
I-Shakeout, ukuCoca, kunye neNyaniso yokuGqiba
Emva kokupholisa, ukuphosa kuya ku-shakeout. Isanti iwiswa ngamandla, kwaye ukubunjwa kuphuma, kushushu kwaye kugqunywe kuqweqwe lwesanti etshileyo. Olu lujongo lokuqala lokwenyani emsebenzini wakho. Ukhangela iziphene ezicacileyo: ukukhanya okukhulu, ii-misruns ezimbi, ii-cores ezaphukileyo. Amasango kunye nezinyusi ziyasuswa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngeetotshi zokusika okanye iisarha.
Emva koko kuza ukucoca, ngokufuthi eyona nxalenye ifuna abasebenzi abaninzi. Oku kubandakanya ukudutyulwa kokudubula ukususa isikali sesanti esishiyekileyo, kunye nokusila iintsalela zamasango kunye nezinyusi, kunye nawaphi na amaphiko okanye ukukhanya. Kulapho umgangatho wokungunda kunye nomsebenzi ongundoqo ubonakala khona. Isikhunta esenziwe kakuhle esine-tight core fits siya kunciphisa ukugaya okufunekayo. Umsebenzi ongekho mgangathweni uthetha iiyure zomsebenzi owongezelelweyo kunye ne-angle grinders, ukongeza iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wokulimala ekugaleleni ngokwawo ukuba i-grinder iyatyibilika. Kwiinkampani ezibonelela ngezisombululo zenkonzo epheleleyo, njenge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), le nkqubo edibeneyo yokuphosa i-post-casting ibalulekile. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yokwenziwa kwesanti kunye nokwenza, bayaqonda ukuba ukubunjwa akugqitywanga xa ishiya isanti; kugqityiwe xa sele ilungele umgca wokuhlanganisa umthengi. Ukukwazi kwabo ukulandela ukugalela isanti yentsimbi ngokuchaneka kweCNC machining ngaphakathi endlini kuyinzuzo ebalulekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo ibanjwe kwaye igcina umthengi ekuququzeleleni abathengisi abaninzi.
Ukuhlolwa kwenzeka kweli nqanaba. Iitshekhi ezinobungakanani, uhlolo olubonakalayo kwiziphene zomhlaba, kunye novavanyo oluhlala lungonakalisi njengokungena kwedayi okanye uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic lweendawo ezibalulekileyo. Sisigaba esinzulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphosa okujongeka kugqibelele emva kokuxutyushwa kutyhila i-shrinkage porosity okanye ukufakwa kwesanti emva kokudubula. Kufuneka wenze isigqibo: ngaba inokulungiswa nge-welding (kwaye ngaba umthengi uya kuyivumela?), Okanye ngaba i-scrap? Izinga lesivuno luxinzelelo oluqhubekayo.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli: Ayizizo zonke iintsimbi ezenziwe ngokulinganayo
Xa sikhankanya intsimbi, lusapho olukhulu. Ukwenziwa kwesanti, intsimbi engwevu (i-Flake Graphite Iron) yeyona ixhaphakileyo, exatyiswayo ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokufuma, ubuchwephesha, kunye nolwelo olulungileyo. Kodwa i-iron ductile (i-Nodular Graphite Iron) iya icaciswa ngakumbi kwiindawo ezifuna amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina. Umahluko kunyango lokunyibilika-ukongeza i-magnesium okanye i-cerium kwi-spheroidize igraphite. Olu nyango lutyando olubuthathaka; ixesha lokufa liyinto, kwaye kufuneka yenziwe kanye phambi kokugalelwa. Yifumane ingalunganga, kwaye ufumana igraphite ewohlokayo, ibulala iipropathi zoomatshini.
Iintsimbi ezidibeneyo zongeza omnye umaleko. Ukongeza i-chromium yokumelana nokunxiba, i-nickel yokumelana nokugqwala, okanye i-molybdenum yamandla kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa itshintsha yonke into-isenzo sokunyibilika, ukuziphatha kwe-shrinkage, ukucwangcisa. Apha kulapho ubuchwephesha be-metallurgical be foundry buvavanywa khona. Ivenkile efana ne-QSY, edwelisa amava kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya i-nickel-based and cobalt-based alloys, iya kufikelela kwiirons ezidibeneyo kunye nenkqubo engqongqo yokulawula ingqondo. Imigaqo ye ukugalela isanti yentsimbi hlala, kodwa iinguqu ziyaphindaphindeka.
Ukukhethwa kwebakala lentsimbi kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uyilo lokuphosa ngokwalo. Inxalenye eyenzelwe i-ductile iron inokufuna ukunyuka okwahlukileyo kunenxalenye efanayo kwintsimbi engwevu ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zokuqiniswa. Le ngongoma yokusilela kunxibelelwano phakathi kwabaqulunqi kunye neziseko. Ukucinga ukuba i-iron yintsimbi ikhokelela ekukhunjweni okungondleki kakuhle kunye nokusilela okungalindelekanga kwinkonzo.
Iingcamango zokuphetha: Inkqubo yeSynergistic
Ngoko, ukugalela isanti yentsimbi ikude kubuchule bakudala. Luthotho lweenkqubo ezinxibeleleneyo: ukulungiswa kwesanti, ubunjineli bepateni, ukwenziwa kondoqo, ulawulo lokunyibilikisa, ukugalelwa, nokugqiba. Ubuthathaka kuyo nayiphi na ikhonkco iphula ikhonkco. Umkhwa ngoku ubhekiselele ekudityanisweni okungqongqo, apho i-Foundry ibandakanyeka kwangethuba kwisigaba soyilo ukucebisa malunga nokwenziwa, kwaye apho iinkqubo zasemva kokuphosa njengomatshini zithathwa njengenxalenye yokuhamba komsebenzi okuqhubekayo. Imalunga nokuhambisa icandelo elisebenzayo, hayi nje ukuphosa okurhabaxa.
Obona buchule buxhomekeke ekulinganiseni zonke ezi ziguquguqukayo ngokwezoqoqosho. Luqheliselo olwakhelwe phezu kwamava aqokelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha abuhlungu. Ufunda kulo lonke ubumba oluthululwayo, kulo lonke uhlalutyo lwesiphene. Injongo kukuhambelana-ukuvelisa ukubunjwa kwekhulu kunye nomgangatho ofanayo nowokuqala. Lo ngumceli mngeni wokwenyani wobugcisa, kwaye yiloo nto eyahlula isiseko somsebenzi kwiqabane elithembekileyo lemveliso kumacandelo achanekileyo.
