Xa abantu abaninzi besiva ‘inkampani yokwenza isinyithi,’ baba nomfanekiso ngqondweni wesiseko sesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, iintlantsi, ubushushu. Leyo yinxalenye yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kufana nokuchaza indawo yokutyela ngesitovu sayo. Ibali lokwenyani likwizigqibo ezenziwe ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sibethe isikhunta, kunye neengxaki ozisombululayo emva kokuba zipholile. Uninzi lwabathengi luza lucinga ukuba lumalunga nokunyibilika nokugalela; intloko iqala xa bebona ukunyamezelwa kwe-dimensional, i-post-casting machining, kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo azikho emva koko-zingundoqo womsebenzi.
Isiseko AsiyoSanti Nje
Thatha ukubunjwa kweqokobhe. Asiyonto nje 'engcono yokugalela isanti.' Isanti egqunywe ngentlaka yenza iqokobhe eliqinileyo, elikunika ukugqibezela okucolekileyo kunye nokunyamezelana okungqongqo kunesanti yemveli eluhlaza. Kodwa iqhinga likwipateni. Ukuba ipateni yakho ayifezekanga, iqokobhe ngalinye olivelisayo linesiphene. Sifunde oku kabuhlungu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngokuqhutywa kwezindlu zempompo. Ipatheni ebonelelwe ngumxhasi ibe nedrafti encinci yokubala i-engile. Kwakubonakala kungenanto kwimodeli yeCAD, mhlawumbi isiqingatha sesidanga. Kodwa emva kokubaleka amakhulu ambalwa oonokrwece, isiphumo esongezelekayo kwi-ejection kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu yayiliphupha elibi. Yachitha yonke ibhetshi. Nantso ke into-inkqubo yokuphosa iqala ngophononongo loyilo, hayi iodolo yokuthenga.
Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kuba nzima ngakumbi. Wakha elaa qokobhe leceramic ngokwemaleko malunga nepateni yewax oyinyibilikayo. Inkululeko yejometri iyamangalisa, kodwa isango lokungena kunye noyilo lokunyuka lububugcisa obungaphezulu kwesayensi. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yecandelo le-injini ye-nickel-based alloy. I-alloy ngokwayo yayisisilo sokusebenza-indawo ephezulu yokunyibilika, ukushwabana okukhohlisayo. Siye satyhutyha izihlandlo ezithathu zoqwalaselo lokunyuka nje ukuphelisa umngxuma wokucutha oqhubekayo kwicandelo elibalulekileyo. Uphindaphindo ngalunye luthetha isixhobo esitsha se-wax, ukwakha iqokobhe elitsha, ukugalelwa okutsha. Ixabiso elongeziweyo, kodwa akukho ndlela imfutshane. Awunako ukulungisa imiba esisiseko yokuqinisa ngomatshini kamva.
Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 kweli shishini ibala khona. Lithala leencwadi ezingaphumelelanga kunye nabaphumeleleyo. Uphuhlisa imvakalelo yamathumbu malunga nendlela ijometri ethile kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo eya kuziphatha ngayo xa ithelekiswa nemilo efanayo kwi-duplex steel stainless. I-thermal dynamics yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ayihlali isebenza ixesha elide ngokuthatha nje imibhalo kunye nokugalela isinyithi. Kumalunga nokuba nesigwebo esiqokelelweyo sokulindela iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibhakwe kwinxalenye yokugqibela.
Isixhobo singaphezulu kunePhepha eliKhethekileyo
Abathengi bakunika into ethile—'ASTM A536, 65-45-12' okanye '316 Stainless.' Nantso indlela yokuqalisa. Umgca wokugqibezela ukuphoswa kwesandi kunye neempawu ezifunekayo zomatshini. Umsantsa phakathi kwala manqaku mabini kulapho abasunguli bafumana khona ugcino lwabo. Intsimbi yentsimbi, umzekelo. Ukufumana eso sakhiwo se-nodular graphite ngokungaguqukiyo akukhona nje ukongeza i-magnesium. Imalunga nokulawula umxholo wesulfure kwisiseko sentsimbi yakho, ukuziqhelanisa nokutofa, izinga lokupholisa. Ukulibaziseka okuncinci kwi-post-inoculation kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-carbide, okwenza inxalenye ye-brittle. Siyibonile ijika ukuphoswa kakuhle kwi-scrap kuba ixesha belicinywe ngemizuzwana.
Emva koko unayo i-alloys ekhethekileyo. I-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based alloys efana ne-Hastelloy okanye i-Stellite. Ezi zidla ngokuba ziimeko-bume ezigqithisileyo-ubushushu obuphezulu, i-corrosion ephezulu. Umceli mngeni uphindwe kabini: okokuqala, ukunyibilika kunye nokuwagalela ngaphandle kokwazisa ukungcola okanye ukutshisa izinto eziphambili zokuxutywa; okwesibini, bahlala besihogweni kumatshini emva koko. Iipropathi zabo kanye ezibenza baxabiseke (ukuqina komsebenzi, ukuxhathisa i-abrasion) kubenza babe liphupha elibi kwiivenkile ze-CNC. Yiyo loo nto imodeli edibeneyo, apho inkampani efanayo iphatha ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining, yenza ingqiqo kakhulu. Oomatshini bayayiqonda indawo enokubakho enzima yokuphosa, iindawo ezinokuthi zibe yintsalela yoxinzelelo, kuba babeyinxalenye yencoko ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo.
Ndikhumbula umzimba wevalvu kwi-cobalt-chromium alloy. Ukusaswa kuphume kakuhle, kwadibana nayo yonke imigangatho yeX-reyi kunye neday-pen. Kodwa ngexesha lomatshini, ukufakwa kwakugugile ngesantya esothusayo. Ingxaki ibuyele emva kokwahlulwa okuncinci kwe-carbides ngexesha lokuqina, ukudala iindawo ezihlala kwindawo yobunzima obukhulu. Yayingesosiphene kwi-spec nganye, kodwa yabulala ubomi besixhobo. Kwafuneka silungise ubushushu bokuthulula kunye ne-mold pre-heat ukwenzela ukubaleka okulandelayo ukukhuthaza isakhiwo esifanayo. Olo hlobo lwe-loop yempendulo phakathi komgangatho we-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini ayinaxabiso. Yinto oyibonayo kunye nomnikezeli odibeneyo-iwebhusayithi yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, dwelisa zombini ukujula kunye nomatshini ngesizathu. Ayiloluhlu lwenkonzo nje; kukuhamba komsebenzi.
I-CNC ayiyonto yokucinga; LuLwandiso
Oku kunokuba yeyona ngcamango iphosakeleyo. Abantu bacinga ukuba uphose indawo 'ivale ngokwaneleyo' kwaye emva koko uyishicilele kwimfezeko. Leyo yindlela ekhawulezayo yokuvuthela ibhajethi yakho. Ukuba awuyilwanga ukwenza (DFM) unazo zombini iinkqubo engqondweni, uya kudala imingeni yomatshini ebiza imali eninzi okanye engenakwenzeka ukuyisombulula. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngamanqaku okulungisa kwi-casting eluhlaza. Udinga ukushiya isitokhwe esaneleyo-esincinci kakhulu, kwaye awukwazi ukucoca ulusu lokuphosa; kakhulu, kwaye uchitha ixesha lomatshini elibiza kakhulu kunye nokunxiba izixhobo, ngakumbi kwii-alloys eziqinileyo.
Sasinecandelo, isibiyeli esikhulu sokuxhoma sentsimbi. Uyilo lwalunobunzima obubalulekileyo obufuna ukugqitywa kakuhle kunye nokunyamezela okuqinileyo. Indlela yokuqala yayikukuyijula ngondoqo oqinileyo, emva koko uyibhobhoze kwaye uyithwale kwi-CNC mill. Incoko yesixhobo yayimbi kakhulu, kwaye sadlula kwiibhari ezininzi ezikruqulayo. Isisombululo yaba kukugrumba umbhobho ube ngaphantsi kancinane kodwa ngomngxuma osele kukho iikona. Oku kwanika isixhobo esikruqulayo indawo yokuqalisa efanayo kwaye yaphelisa incoko eninzi. Yongeza inyathelo ekwenzeni ipateni, kodwa igcine iiyure zexesha lomatshini kunye nokuphucula umgangatho. Nantso ke intsebenziswano. I inkampani yokuphosa isinyithi kwaye ivenkile yomatshini kufuneka ibe kwingxoxo, ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kophahla olunye.
Ukujonga umda we-QSY-ukubumba iqokobhe, ukuphosa utyalo-mali, kunye nomatshini opheleleyo we-CNC-ukuba udibaniso sisindululo sexabiso esicacileyo. Abayiyo nje i-Foundry okanye ivenkile yemisebenzi. Balawula lonke ikhonkco lexabiso ukusuka kwipateni ukuya kugqitywa, icandelo lomatshini. Oku kulawula iinguqu. Ingcali yoomatshini ingabuyela kumphathi wesiseko kwaye ithi, Eli bhetshi lisebenza nzima, kwaye banokulilanda libuyele kubushushu obuninzi okanye kwisimo sobushushu sokungunda.
Iindleko zokwenyani zikuRework (okanye ukunqongophala kwayo)
Ixabiso ngekhilogram nganye yokuphosa yi-metric eyingozi ukuthenga kuyo. Okona kugalelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi kunokuba lelona candelo libiza kakhulu xa sele lifikile kumgca wakho wokuhlanganisa. I-porosity yomphezulu ephumelele ukuhlolwa kwembonakalo inokubangela ukusilela kwetywina kwisixokelelwano samanzi. Ukubandakanywa okungabonwayo kunokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kokudinwa okuyingozi. Ixabiso ngoko asikokuphosa; libango lewaranti, ixesha lokunciphisa imveliso, umonakalo wegama.
Iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni kwi-Foundry ayingomsebenzi wamaphepha. Ziiprothokholi zovavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT) — ukungena kolwelo, isuntswana lombane, uvavanyo lweradiyographic kumalungu abalulekileyo. Ziluhlolo lwenqaku lokuqala, ulawulo lwenkqubo yamanani kwimilinganiselo. Kwiindawo ezinemfezeko ephezulu, unokufuna ingxelo yovavanyo lwemathiriyeli eqinisekisiweyo eneempawu zoomatshini ukusuka kwikhuphoni ephoswe ecaleni kwemveliso. Konke oku kubiza imali, kodwa yi-inshurensi oyithengayo.
Iza phantsi kolawulo lomngcipheko. Ngaba wenza i-hardware yokuhlobisa okanye icandelo le-valve ye-subsea? Iinkqubo (i-shell mold vs. utyalo-mali), ibakala lezinto eziphathekayo, inqanaba lokuhlola-zonke izikali kunye nesiphumo sokusilela. A serious inkampani yokuphosa isinyithi izakubuza malunga nesicelo ngaphambili. Baza kutyhala ngasemva ukuba uyilo alulahleki okanye luya kuba yindleko engavumelekanga kumatshini. Olo pushback, ozelwe ngamava, yinto oyihlawulayo. Asiyonkonzo; yintsebenziswano ukuphepha iindleko ezifihlakeleyo.
Ke, ujonge ntoni eneneni?
Ukuba ukhangela izinto ezenziweyo, awukhangeli nyani inkampani yokuphosa isinyithi. Ukhangela umboneleli wesisombululo sentsimbi ekufutshane nenetha. Ukusaswa sisigaba nje esinye. Udinga iqabane eliqonda lonke uhambo ukusuka kwimodeli yakho ye-CAD ukuya kwindawo efakwe kwimveliso yakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba ubuchwephesha kwinkqubo yokuphosa ngokwayo (njengeqokobhe kunye neendlela zotyalo-mali ezigqamisa i-QSY), ulwazi olunzulu lwemathiriyeli oluhamba ngaphaya kwedatha yedatha, kwaye ngokubalulekileyo, ubuchule bomatshini obudibeneyo.
Iwebhusayithi kunye nembali ye-30 yeminyaka yimiqondiso. Babonisa ukuzingisa, ulwazi oluqokelelweyo, kwaye kunokwenzeka, isiseko somthengi esithe gqolo kubo ngenxa yokuba behambisa ukuthembeka. Kweli shishini, awusindi kumashumi amathathu eminyaka kwiintengiso ezikhanyayo. Usinda ngokuzisa ii-castings ezingasileliyo ebaleni, ngokusombulula iingxaki ezinje ngomatshini we-cobalt alloy ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa izixhobo zakho, kunye nokunyaniseka xa uyilo lufuna ukulungiswa.
Ngexesha elizayo xa uvavanya umthengisi, musa ukucela nje ukowuta. Buza malunga nenkqubo yabo yokulinganisa ukuqina. Buza ukuba bayiphatha njani impendulo phakathi kwamaqela abo omatshini kunye nesiseko. Cela uphononongo apho utshintsho loyilo luphucule ukwenziwa kwezinto. Iimpendulo zabo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nokuba nako kwabo njengenyani inkampani yokuphosa isinyithi kunayo nayiphi na incwadana enemifanekiso eqaqambileyo. Intsalela yintsimbi nje etyhidiweyo.
