Jonga, xa usiva u-'Co 6', ukuba awukho nzulu ekwenziweni okanye ekwenziweni kwee-alloys ezisebenza ngokuphezulu, unokucinga nje ngebakala le-cobalt. Kodwa kulapho umgibe wokuqala ukhoyo. Ayisiyonto nje yezinto eziphathekayo; luphawu lweseti yonke yemicelimngeni kunye nezigqibo ezikumgangatho wevenkile. Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu ingena kunye 'Co 6' okanye iicallouts ezifanayo, kwaye umbuzo olandelayo ovela kwiqela lethu lokucwangcisa uhlala usithi, Kulungile, kodwa sijongana ngantoni apha? Ukuqulunqwa okuqhelekileyo yinto enye-wonke umntu unokukhangela ukuba yi-alloy-based alloy, ehlala ine-chromium ebalulekileyo kunye ne-tungsten yokunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Ubunyani bokuyenza, ukufumana isandi sokuphosa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, okanye ukufumana i-billet engaguqukiyo? Leyo yeyona 'Co 6' yokwenyani. Imele udidi apho icwecwe ledatha yethiyori lidibana nezinto ezenzekayo, ezihlala zimdaka, zehlabathi lokwenza iindawo ezingasileliyo phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukukrazuka.
I-Special Sheet vs. ILathe
Sasineprojekthi okwethutyana emva, icandelo levalvu yenkonzo enzima. Ushicilelo lukhankanye a i-cobalt-based alloy intlanganiso Co 6 iimpawu jikelele. Umthengi unikezele ngephepha ledatha, onke amanani acocekileyo. Inyathelo lethu lokuqala ku QSY ibingeyonkqubo yeCNC; yayikukuqhuba ibhetshi encinci yeekhuphoni zovavanyo kwizinto ezifunyenweyo. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba i-machinability rating ephepheni iphantse ingabi nantsingiselo. Kufuneka uyive. Saqala ngokufaka i-carbide esemgangathweni ye-alloys ephezulu yokushisa. Isiphumo? Ukuqhekeka komphetho kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukugqibezela komphezulu okungahambelaniyo, kunye nobushushu obuninzi obungena kwindawo ebesiyithandayo. I Co 6 izinto eziphathekayo, kunye notyekelo lwazo lokusebenza nzima, zazisilwa. Iphepha elikhethekileyo alizange lithethe malunga nokwahluka okuncinci kwebhetshi kumxholo we-tungsten, okwaneleyo ukuguqula umsebenzi onzima ube liphupha elibi.
Apha kulapho iqala khona iminyaka engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni. Uphuhlisa imvakalelo yamathumbu. Sitshintshele kwindlela endlongondlongo ngakumbi, ngofakelo olubukhali lweceramic ngesantya esiphezulu kodwa ubunzulu obusezantsi bokusikwa. Iyavakala i-counter-intuitive-i-ceramics kwi-cobalt? Kodwa yayimalunga nokulawula indawo yobushushu kunye nokuthintela izinto ekubeni lukhuni phambi kwesixhobo. Ukutya kunye nokubalwa kwesantya kwisoftware kwakuyisiqalo, kodwa iiparamitha zokugqibela zivela kwisandi sokusikwa kunye nombala we-chip. Iitshiphusi kufuneka zibe silverish, hayi bhlowu. Okuluhlaza kuthetha ukugcinwa kobushushu obuninzi, umngcipheko womonakalo we-metallurgical kwi-subsurface yenxalenye. Yitshekhi ye-QA ebonwayo neyivayo ukuba akukho sixokelelwano esizisebenzelayo esithatha indawo ngokupheleleyo.
Icala lokugalela lealloyi ezinjalo, esiliphatha ngotyalo-mali lwethu, libonisa iphazili eyahlukileyo. Nge ialloys esekwe cobalt, uluhlu lokuqinisa kunye ne-thermal conductivity ibalulekile. Thela ipholile kakhulu, ufumana mistruns. Galela kushushu kakhulu, ukhuthaza ukukhula okuziinkozo okukhulu, okonakalayo. Kwicandelo elintsonkothileyo, elinodonga olucekethekileyo esilenzileyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kuye kwafuneka ukuba siyile isango lokusalela kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka ebingekho kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yokufunda. Yayisekwe kwiintsilelo zangaphambili-sakhe sabona i-shrinkage porosity idibana kwindawo ethile. Isisombululo sasibandakanya ukubekwa kwengqele okungeyiyo umgangatho wokomeleza ukuqina. Yasebenza, kodwa yongeza iindleko nexesha. Nantso irhafu efihliweyo yokusebenza ngezinto ezifana Co 6. Ixabiso alikho kwintsimbi ekrwada ngekhilogram; kulwazi oluqokelelweyo lwendlela yokuyibumba ngokuthembekileyo.
Ukufumana kunye neGambit ehambelanayo
Masithethe ngemathiriyeli ekrwada. Awunako uku-odola nje u-'Co 6' kwilitye lokusila kwaye ulindele ukufana. Umahluko phakathi kokunyibilika, nokuba ngababoneleli abathembekileyo, kunokwanela ukulahla lonke useto lwakho lomatshini. Oku sakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Sifanelekele inkqubo yokwenza umsesane wokutywina ukusuka kwisitokhwe esithile sebha. Iziqwenga zokuqala eziyi-100 zazigqibelele. Ibhetshi elandelayo, ukusuka kwinani leqashiso elahlukileyo lemathiriyeli 'efanayo', iqalise ukubangela ukuguga kokufakwa kuphindwe kathathu. Uqikelelo lobomi besixhobo luphume ngefestile. Umoni? Landela izinto, mhlawumbi into efana ne-tantalum okanye isiqulatho sekhabhoni kumda womda othile, ukuguqula impatho yealloyi phantsi koxinzelelo lokucheba isixhobo.
Ngoku, umgangatho wethu wokuziqhelanisa, ngakumbi kumacandelo abalulekileyo, kukugxininisa kwisatifikethi sohlalutyo lwendawo ethile kwaye siqhube olwethu uvavanyo lwentlantsi okanye, ngcono noko, i-spectroscopy ekhawulezayo ukuba ivolyum iyayithethelela. Linyathelo elongezelelweyo abanye abathengi abakhalazelayo ngalo, kodwa ligcina iintloko ezibuhlungu ezantsi komsinga. Le yinxalenye engundoqo yokuthembeka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. izithembiso. Ayinabukhazikhazi, kodwa ukulawula igalelo ngama-50% okuphumelela idabi ngee-superalloys. Ngamanye amaxesha sisebenzisana neevenkile ezincinci zokunyibilika ezikhethekileyo ezibonelela icandelo le-aerospace kuba ulawulo lwenkqubo yabo luqina, nokuba ixesha lokukhokela lide. Ngomgangatho ingxubevange yecobalt impompo inxalenye, inyibilika yorhwebo-ibakala inokuba kulungile. Kwisikhokelo seblade ye-injini yomoya, ayisayi kubhabha.
Oku kungahambisani nako kuphuma igazi kwinkqubo yokuphosa. Ubumanzi besinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, obuchaphazela indlela esizalisa ngayo into entsonkothileyo iqokobhe ngundo, zinokwahluka. Ukunyibilika okuthe kwacima kancinci kwifestile yobushushu obufanelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekuvaleni okubandayo okanye iziphene ezikumphezulu eziliphupha elibi ukufumana kunye nokulungisa ukuphosa emva kokusasa. Siye safudukela esweni ixesha lokwenyani ngakumbi ngexesha lokuthulula-iipyrometers, iikhamera zokucinga ezishushu kwikomityi yokugalela-ukubamba ezi zinxaxhi njengoko zisenzeka. Ayinabudenge, kodwa ijika ibhetshi enokubakho ibe sisilungiso esilawulekayo, esincinci.
I-Welding and Repair Conundrum
Nantsi imeko engayifumaniyo i-airtime yaneleyo: ukulungiswa. Umthengi uthumela into egugileyo Co 6 icandelo, mhlawumbi i-drill bit bushing okanye ipleyiti yokunxiba. Ngaba unokwakha indawo egugileyo kwaye uphinde uyilungise? Impendulo yencwadi ithi ewe, iialloys ze-cobalt zihlala zi-weldable. Impendulo yokwenyani ithi, Kuxhomekeke, kwaye kuyingozi. Ummandla ochaphazelekayo ukushisa (i-HAZ) ukusuka kwi-welding inokudala ipokotho yezinto ezinezinto ezihluke ngokupheleleyo-i-brittle, i-crack-sensitive phases inokwakheka. Siye sazama oku kwezinye iindawo zokunxiba koomatshini bezolimo, sisebenzisa ifanisi i-cobalt-based alloy ucingo lokugcwalisa kunye nenkqubo ye-TIG echanekileyo.
Iziphumo zokuqala zabonakala zilungile. I-weld bead yayivakala. Kodwa ngexesha lokudlula komatshini olandelayo ukuyibuyisela kumlinganiselo, iintanda ezincinci ezisasazwa kwi-HAZ. Inxalenye yayiyinkunkuma. Sifunda ntoni? Ukulungiswa kwenyani kwezinto ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-welding ihlala iyindlela yokugqibela. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukonga ngakumbi ukuphosa kunye nomatshini indawo entsha ukusuka ekuqaleni. Kwizicelo ezingabalulekanga kangako, ungabaleka, kodwa kufuneka usebenzise irejimeni engqongqo yangaphambi kobushushu nasemva kobushushu (PWHT), eyongeza iindleko kunye nobunzima. Ngoku sinesigqibo esilula sematrix: iindleko zenxalenye entsha vs. iindleko zokulungisa + umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwinkonzo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi, kunye nezixhobo ezikweli nqanaba, ukuphosa entsha kuyaphumelela.
Oku kuhambelana nesigaba soyilo. Xa sicebisana nabathengi kwinqanaba loyilo, ukuba sibona icandelo elimiselwe a ingxubevange yecobalt njenge-Co 6, sihlala sityhala kuyilo olulula ukuphosa kwisiqwenga esinye kunye nomatshini ngokufanelekileyo, kunokuba uyilo olunokufuna ukudibanisa okanye ukulungisa i-welding yexesha elizayo. Lutshintsho oluchuliweyo ukusuka ekubeni ngumvelisi ukuya ekubeni liqabane lemveliso. Ibasindisa enkingeni kunye neendleko kumjikelezo wobomi benxalenye.
Ngaphaya kweMetal: Umqhubi wexabiso lokwenyani
Okokugqibela, eyona mpazamo inkulu igxile kuphela kwixabiso lekhilogram nganye Co 6 ingxubevange. Iindleko zentsimbi zibalulekile, ewe, kodwa kaninzi ayinguye umqhubi oyintloko. Iindleko zangempela kwimveliso yemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. I-10% yereyithi ye-scrap kwi-aluminiyam yinto enye. I-10% ye-scrap rate kwi-cobalt alloy yintlekele yezemali. Inyathelo ngalinye-ukusuka kwi utyalo mali inkqubo apho ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo kutshabalalisa i-cluster, ukuya kwi-CNC machining apho i-$ 150 ifaka i-3 indawo ye-10-ikhulisa ilahleko.
Silandelela into ebizwa ngokuba 'yindleko ngenxalenye elungileyo' ngokwenkolo kule misebenzi. Ibandakanya kuyo yonke into: imathiriyeli, iindleko zokungunda, ixesha lomatshini, izixhobo, ukuhlolwa, kunye nenkunkuma elindelekileyo. Ukulungiselela le metric kuko okwahlula iivenkile ezithengisa nge-superalloy kwezo ziphila kuzo. Kithina, kunokuthetha ukutyala imali kwi-EDM ecothayo, echanekileyo ngakumbi kwiimpawu ezithile endaweni yokuzama ukuyigaya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho sixhobo sokuphambuka okanye imiba enzima emsebenzini. Isenokuthetha ukuyila izilungiso ezithomalalisa ukungcangcazela ngexesha lokusila, kuba incoko kwi ingxubevange yecobalt umphezulu unokuqalisa iintanda zokudinwa.
I-takeway? Xa uvavanya umboneleli wecandelo elibandakanya Co 6 okanye abazala bayo, musa ukubuza nje iziqinisekiso zabo eziphathekayo. Buza malunga namazinga esivuno aqhelekileyo kwiijiyometri ezifanayo. Buza malunga nezicwangciso zabo zezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nobomi besixhobo obulindelekileyo. Buza ukuba bakhe kwafuneka basindise ibhetshi ngokuwelda okanye nge-HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) kunye nokuba yintoni isiphumo. Iimpendulo zabo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nobuchule babo kunencwadana enemifanekiso emenyezelayo. Kukwezi nkcukacha zincinci, ezingathandekiyo apho ubuchwephesha bokwenyani obunezixhobo ezinje buhlala, uhlobo olwakhiwe kumashumi eminyaka, njengesiseko kwi. QSY, apho isifundo sihlala sikhona: hlonipha umbandela, buza inkcazo, kwaye uthembe inkqubo oye wayilolonga kulingo kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, iimpazamo.
