Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'isinyithi sotyalo-mali olutyhidiweyo', baba nomfanekiso wenkqubo ethe ngqo, phantse yakudala: yenza ipateni yewax, yicwilise kwi-ceramic, inyibilikisa iwax, ugalele ngentsimbi. Ugqibile. Kodwa kulapho imbono yokuqala enkulu engalunganga ilele khona. Umceli mngeni wokwenene awukho ekuqondeni amanyathelo asisiseko-kukulawula iinguqu eziliwaka ngaphakathi komnye nomnye ukufumana inxalenye engeyiyo nje imilo, kodwa icandelo elisebenzayo, elithembekileyo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhubeka kuba umntu ebecinga ukuba lumsebenzi 'wokugalela kwaye uhambe'. Inyani yile, umsantsa phakathi kokusakha okusebenzisekayo kunye nentembeko ephezulu mkhulu, kwaye izaliswe neenkcukacha uninzi lwamaphepha angazange akhankanye.
Umdlalo Weqokobhe: Ayizange ibeyiMngundo Nje
Masiqale ngeqokobhe, isiseko sokoqobo. Igama leshishini elithi 'iqokobhe lokungunda lokubunjwa' lihlala lisetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo, kodwa ngokuchaneka kotyalo-mali, iqokobhe yimveliso yobunjineli enamaleko amaninzi ngokwayo. Asiyodiphu enye. Iqokobhe eliqhelekileyo lenxalenye yentsimbi ephezulu inokubandakanya i-7 ukuya kwi-9 idyasi: idyasi yobuso obuphambili kunye nomgubo we-zircon ocolekileyo kakhulu ukuze ubambe iinkcukacha, ulandelwa ziidyasi ezingaphakathi ezigciniweyo ezinesanti erhabaxa ye-silica yokomelela, kwaye ihlala idyasi yokutywina. Indawo yokomisa phakathi kwediphu nganye-ukufuma, ubushushu, ukuhamba komoya-kubalulekile. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu yentsimbi engatyiwa sibaleka apho iqokobhe lalijongeka ligqibelele, kodwa sasinerhashalala yokugalela phezulu. Emva kweentsuku zokukrwempa entloko, sayilandela emva kwi-spike yamaxesha athile kumswakama ophakathi ngexesha lokomisa kwedyasi yesi-3 neyesine. Iqokobhe alizange linyange ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kunye nokuvela kwerhasi ngexesha lokugalelwa. Ulungiso lwalungekho ezikweni; yayikukomisa umswakama kwigumbi lokomisa.
Kulapho amava e-Foundry ebonisa khona. Inkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), enerekhodi labo leminyaka engama-30, iya kuba nenkumbulo yeziko kwezi ntlobo zezinto ezisingqongileyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo, tsngtaocnc.com, dwelisa umsebenzi wabo kunye nokungunda kweqokobhe kunye utyalo mali, kwaye loo ndibaniselwano ingundoqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bayayiqonda i-spectrum ukusuka kwiinkqubo ezilula zeqokobhe ukuya kwindlela echanekileyo echanekileyo yeqokobhe leceramic. Kumthengi, obo bunzulu buthetha ukuba abanakufaneka bangaboni ngasonye kwezi ntsilelo zenkqubo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwigobolondo kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nentsimbi egalelwe. Ukugalela i-superalloy efana ne-nickel-based alloy engaphezulu kwe-1500 ° C kufuna iqokobhe elinobuqhetseba obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokothuka kwe-thermal. Ukusebenzisa i-slurry formulation ye-slurry elungiselelwe i-carbon steel iya kuba yintlekele-igobolondo inokuhla okanye iqhekeke. Ukukhethwa kwezibophelelo (i-colloidal silica vs. ethyl silicate) kunye nezixhobo ze-stucco yiprojekthi yekhemistri ngokwayo.
I-alloys: Apho i-Special idibana neNyaniso
Ukuthetha ngezinto eziphathekayo, uluhlu lwe-alloy yenye indawo egcwele imigibe efihlakeleyo. Ewe, intsimbi engenasici iqhelekile, kodwa 'i-stainless' igubungela 304, 316, 17-4 PH, kunye nezinye, nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusasa kunye nokuqinisa. I-316 icutheka ngaphezu kwentsimbi yekhabhoni kwaye ithanda ukukrazuka kushushu ukuba inkqubo yokungena ayenzelwanga ukukwamkela oko. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwiprojekthi yokuqala yokufakwa kwezinto elwandle. Imizobo yayibiza i-316, kwaye siyifake egeyithini njengoko besiya kwenza ngentsimbi ethambileyo. Umlinganiselo wesivuno wawubi kakhulu, kunye neentanda eziphuma kwiidibaniso zesango. Yayiyimeko yeklasikhi yokulandela i-spec ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ulwazi lwenkqubo yaloo alloy ethile.
I-alloys ezikhethekileyo-esekelwe kwi-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys-zizilwanyana ezihlukeneyo. Azikho 'nzima ngakumbi ukunyibilika.' Ubumanzi babo buhlala buhlwempuzekile, bachaphazeleka kulwahlulo olusisiseko, kwaye banomkhwa ombi wokusabela ngeqokobhe ukuba ikhemistri ayilunganga. Impumelelo apha incinci malunga ne-brute force kunye nokunye malunga ne-finesse: ubushushu obuchanekileyo bangaphambi kobushushu bomngundo, ulawulo olungqongqo kwisantya sokugalela kunye nobushushu, kwaye kaninzi, unyango lobushushu emva kokuphosa alukho ukhetho kodwa luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa i-microstructure efunekayo. Xa ndibona isiseko esinje nge-QSY idwelisa ngokucacileyo ezi ngxubevange, oko kubonisa ukuba batyale imali kubuchule besinyithi kunye neenkqubo ezilawulwayo ezifunekayo ukuzisingatha, hayi nje amandla eziko.
I-iron cast, ngelixa ibonakala ixolela ngakumbi, inee-quirks zayo kwi-investment casting. Ukufezekisa ukubunjwa kwegraphite okuhambelanayo kumacandelo amancinci kunzima. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza okuhambelana nenkqubo yeqokobhe le-ceramic kunokukhokelela kwimiphetho epholileyo (intsimbi emhlophe), okwenza inxalenye ingenakulinganiswa. Oku kudla ngokufuna ukulungiswa kwi-inoculant okanye ukulungiswa okuncinci kobunzima becandelo.
I-CNC Handshake: Kutheni Machining ingeyonto icingelwa emva koko
Oku kukhokelela kwinqaku elibalulekileyo elisoloko lingahoywa: ukunikezelwa ukusuka ekugalweni ukuya kumatshini. Inxalenye egqibeleleyo-njengokuphoswa ayinamsebenzi ukuba ayinakubanjwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-CNC vise okanye ukuba iindawo ezibalulekileyo zedatum azithembekanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuhlanganiswa kokuphosa kunye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY isenza, luncedo olukhulu lokusebenza. Iinjineli zokuphosa zingayila umthi we-wax kwaye zibandakanye izibonelelo zomatshini ezisekelwe kwi-shrinkage yangempela kunye neepateni zokuphazamiseka abazibonayo kwi-alloy enikeziweyo. Bangongeza iilugi zokuphosa kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga ngokukodwa ukuze umatshini asebenzise njengezixhobo.
Bendikwicala lomatshini ndizama ukubamba iblayidi yotyalo-mali oluntsonkothileyo olungenazo ndawo zokulungisa ezihambelanayo. Liphupha elibi. Ugqibela ngokuyila imihlathi ethambileyo ebiza imali eninzi okanye ude wakhe isiko eliqhelekileyo, elibulala inzuzo yeendleko zokuphosa okukufutshane kwe-net-shape. Xa amaqela okuphosa kunye noomatshini benxibelelana ukusuka kwinqanaba loyilo, banokuvumelana ngezinto ezinjengokongeza iiflethi ezincinci ezinxuseneyo kwiflange okanye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhore ingqukuva ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe njengedatum yokuqala. Ijika inkqubo elandelelanayo ibe yinto enye.
Ukucutshungulwa kwamacandelo okuphoswa kusebenza njengowona mgangatho wempendulo welophu. I-machinist ngowokuqala ukubona i-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba, iindawo ezinzima, okanye ukubandakanywa. Ukuba ukuphosa kunye noomatshini ngamaqumrhu ahlukeneyo, le ngxelo iyacotha kwaye ihlala ichasene (isenzo sakho esibi sophule isixhobo sam). Xa iyivenkile enye, ulwazi luqukuqela ngqo emva kumgangatho wesiseko ukulungiselela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lwenkqubo.
Ukugada kunye nokutya: I-Architecture engabonakaliyo
Buyela kwinkqubo ecocekileyo yokuphosa. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokukhangela kunye neyokutya-imigudu ehambisa isinyithi kunye neendawo zokugcina amanzi ezondla ukuncipha-kulapho ubugcisa kunye nesayensi budibana khona. Ukulinganisa kweSoftware kunceda ngoku, kodwa kusafuna ukutolika okunamava. Injongo kukuphumeza ukuqiniswa kolwalathiso, apho inxalenye iqinisa ukusuka kwindawo ekude kakhulu ukuya kwi-feeder, okumele ibe yinto yokugqibela yokuqinisa.
Ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kwi ukuphosa utyalo-mali lwesinyithi ayikuqondi kakuhle oku. Sasikhe saba nendlu yempompo eneendonga ezingqindilili kwintsimbi ephindwe kabini. Ukulinganisa kwakubukeka kucocekile, kodwa sasinomgodi wokucutha kwiwebhu enzima ethwele umthwalo. Ukulinganisa kwakucingele iimpawu ezigqibeleleyo zokufudumala kwiqokobhe. Ngokwenyani, utshintsho oluncinci lwendawo kubukhulu beqokobhe ludale indawo eshushu ephazamise umphambili wokuqina. Isicombululo yaba kukongeza into encinane ebandayo, ebekwe ngobuchule—iqhekeza lobhedu elifakwe kwiqokobhe—ukuze kuphole ngokukhawuleza. Zezi zilungiso zincinci zobuchule ezivela kwiminyaka yokwenza kunye nokubona.
Olunye ubuqili kukugalela ngokwayo. Ngama-alloys amaninzi, awukwazi ukulahla isinyithi ngaphakathi. Kukho iindlela ezifana nokugalela i-tilt ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokuphepha ukubambisa umoya okanye i-slag. Kwezinye ii-alloys ezisebenzayo, unokugalela phantsi kwendawo ekhuselayo. Zezi nkcukacha zenkqubo ezahlula i-caster yempahla kwi-technical.
Umlinganiselo wokwenyani: Ukungaguquguquki ekuhambeni kwexesha
Ke, yintoni echaza umntu okwaziyo utyalo mali umthengisi? Ayingobuchule bokwenza iprototype enye egqibeleleyo. Kukukwazi ukuqhuba ibhetshi 001 kunye nebhetshi eyi-100 ngokuzinza komgangatho ofanayo, ukugqiba komphezulu, kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza kwefem efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology iba yi-asethi ebonakalayo. Kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba bazinzisile iinkqubo zabo eziguquguqukayo-i-slurry viscosity, isicelo se-stucco, imijikelo ye-autoclave ethotywayo, ireyithi yerempu yesithando somlilo-ngokubeka iliso okungapheliyo kunye nohlengahlengiso.
Ukuhambelana kwakhona malunga nokulawula iipateni ze-wax. Iiparamitha ze-injection ze-wax, i-wax idibanisa ngokwayo (enokuthi ibe yi-priprietary), kunye neemeko zokugcina iindibano ze-wax zonke zichaphazela imilinganiselo yokugqibela. Ivenkile enamava exesha elide inesiseko sedatha ye-shrinkage ye-alloys eyahlukeneyo kunye nenxalenye yejometri ehamba ngaphaya kwamaxabiso eencwadi zokufunda, ecocwe ngokwembali yawo yokulinganisa.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuphosa utyalo-mali lwesinyithi oluyimpumelelo luqeqesho lolawulo oludibeneyo. Kukuqonda ukuba isigqibo esikwigumbi le-wax sihambelana neziko lokunyanga ubushushu, kwaye ukonga kwisixhobo seqokobhe kunokubiza intywenka yemali ekwenzeni i-machining scrap. Inkqubo ityhila iimfihlo zayo ngokucothayo, ngokuqwalaselwa kwesigulane kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukusilela okubuhlungu. Xa yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, ivelisa amacandelo omelele ngokumangalisayo, antsokothileyo, kwaye asebenzayo-kodwa ukufika apho akukho nto ilula. Ngolu luhlu lunzulu, olusebenzayo lwesizathu kunye nesiphumo otyala kuso ngokwenene xa ukhetha iqabane lokusahlela kwakho.
