Xa usiva i-'powder metallurgy stainless steel', i-pitch ekhawulezileyo isoloko imalunga ne-net-shape complex complex kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto. Yinyaniso leyo, kodwa sisiqingatha sebali kuphela. Incoko yokwenyani, leyo yenzeka phakathi kweenjineli eziye zazama ukuyichaza okanye ukuyitshintsha, ijikeleza umsantsa phakathi kwesithembiso sedatha yedatha kunye nenyani yeworkshop. Asiyombumbulu yomlingo; yimathiriyeli eneseti yemithetho ethe ngqo. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu oluyiphatha njenge-drop-in replacement ye-316L eyenziweyo, kuphela ukuba ibe neengxaki nge-porosity, ukuguquguquka okungaguqukiyo, okanye ukumangalisa unyango lobushushu. Umtsalane womelele-ukudala iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nezixhobo zevalve okanye izindlu zesivamvo ezinenkunkuma encinci-kodwa ukubulawa kufuna intlonipho yenkqubo, ukusuka kwipowder feedstock ukuya kwi-sinter yokugqibela.
Isithembiso esingundoqo kunye nombuzo wePorosity oZingisayo
Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yinkululeko yejometri. Sithetha malunga neenxalenye eziya kuba liphupha elibi kumatshini osuka kwisitokhwe sebha okanye nakwi-investment cast. Cinga nge-impeller encinci yempompo eneziteshi zangaphakathi, okanye isixhobo sonyango sendlu ene-undercuts. I-metallurgy yomgubo yenza ezi zinto zisebenze ngokwezoqoqosho kwimiqulu ephakathi ukuya kwephezulu. Amanqanaba ensimbi engenasici, ngokuqhelekileyo i-304L, i-316L, kunye ne-17-4 PH ethandwa kakhulu, inika ukuxhathisa ukubola okufunekayo kwezi zicelo.
Kodwa nanku umqobo wokuqala: ukuxinana. Ukufezekisa ukuxinana okupheleleyo kuyindleko kwaye akusoloko kuyinjongo. Uninzi lwamalungu olwakhiwo lufakwe kwi-sintered ukuya kwinqanaba elidibana ne-mechanical spec. Oku kushiya intsalela, i-porosity edibeneyo. Ayisosiphene ngokuyimfuneko; luphawu. Nangona kunjalo, le porosity yingcambu yeengxaki ezininzi ezisezantsi. Ichaphazela ukuxhathisa okusebenzayo kwe-corrosion-i-pores inokubamba ulwelo kwaye iqalise ukubola kwe-crevice, yiyo loo nto kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuphatha ulwelo, imisebenzi yesibini efana ne-resin impregnation okanye i-isostatic pressing eshushu (HIP) ibe yinto engenakuxoxisana. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi ye-316L ye-flanges yomthengi we-instrumentation yekhemikhali; baluphumelele uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa njenge-sintered, kodwa basilela ebaleni emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngenxa yokuba i-porosity yangaphakathi engendawo phakathi. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba sibuyisele inyathelo lokufakwa kwevacuum kuzo zonke iiodolo zexesha elizayo.
Le porosity ikwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza. Isixhobo sakho sokusika asikokucheba nje isinyithi; idibana nesakhiwo esiqinileyo kwaye esingenanto. Oku kukhokelela kwincoko encinci, ukukhawuleziswa kokunxiba kwesixhobo (ingakumbi kwii-drill kunye neetephu), kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu onokuthi ukhangeleke unamachokoza ukuba awuphathwanga kakuhle. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa ukutya okufanayo kunye nezantya njengezinto ezenziweyo. Ifuna ukuseta okungqongqo ngakumbi, izixhobo ezibukhali, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanesicwangciso esahlukileyo sokusika ulwelo ukunqanda ukuvala iipores ngeswarf.
Ukulungisa iSintered State: Intsebenziswano kunye neeVenkile ezifana ne-QSY
Kulapho ithiyori idibana nokusebenza, kwaye kutheni intsebenziswano kunye ne-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini eqonda yonke ikhonkco ibalulekile. Awukwazi ukuthumela i-sintered blank kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile ye-CNC. Kufuneka bayazi into abayiphetheyo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ibonisa imeko enomdla. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 ekusaseni nasematshinini, babone ukuvela kweenkqubo ezikufutshane ne-net-shape. Ngelixa undoqo wabo useqokobheni kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, imigaqo iyaguqulela. Baqonda ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo emva kokubumba, uxinzelelo lwe-machining, kunye nokubaluleka kokulawulwa kwenkqubo ye-alloys. Kuba powder metallurgy steel stainless icandelo, ubuchule babo bomatshini be-CNC buba sisiqingatha sesibini esibalulekileyo senxaki.
Undoqo lunxibelelwano. Xa sisebenze neevenkile kwiindawo ze-P/M, iphakheji yomzobo kufuneka ichaze uluhlu lwe-sintered density kwaye uqaphele ukuba yinto edibeneyo. Oku kwazisa ingcali yoomatshini. Imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo idla ngokufuna ipasi yokugqibezela emva kokuba sintering ukuze iphendule ngokugqwetheka okuncinci. Ivenkile enamava nge-castings, njenge-QSY, sele ikwazi kule-indawo yokufumana ii-datums, ukuqonda ukuba ukusika kokuqala kunokubonakalisa i-pore, kunye neenkqubo zokujongana nayo ngaphandle kokukrazula inxalenye. Amava abo kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njenge-nickel kunye neziseko ze-cobalt, zikwacebisa ukuqhelana nezixhobo ezinzima zomatshini, osisiseko esihle sokujongana ne-sintered stainless.
Olunye ucelomngeni kukuthunga. Ukucofa indawo ene-sintered kubuza ingxaki ukuba umngxuma awulingananga ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye impompo ayilungiswanga. Sihlala sichaza ukugaya intambo yodibaniso olubalulekileyo, okanye uyilo lokusetyenziswa kwezikrufu zemisonto ezidibanisa imathiriyeli kunokuba zinqumle. Olu luhlobo lweenkcukacha ezibethelwa kwintlanganiso yangaphambi kwemveliso kunye neqabane lomatshini.
I-17-4 PH Conundrum: Imvula kunye ne-Dimensional Shifts
Ukuba amabanga asemgangathweni we-austenitic afana ne-316L anee-quirks zawo, i-17-4 PH ingenasici umgubo wesinyithi lirhamncwa lodwa. Isibheno sicacile: amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima bonyango emva kokushisa. Kodwa inkqubo yokuqina kwemvula kukuhamba ngentambo kunye nezixhobo ze-sintered.
Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-H900 (iminyaka eyi-900 ° F) luyasebenza, kodwa utshintsho lwe-dimensional luqikelelwa kancinci kunesitokhwe esisetyenzisiweyo. Inxalenye sele iphantsi kwe-shrinkage ngexesha le-sintering. Unyango lokwaluphala lwazisa enye, encinci, kodwa inguquko ebalulekileyo. Kwinxalenye enokunyamezelana okuqinileyo kwiimpawu ezininzi, oku kunokuba liphupha elibi. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwiprototype eqhuba icandelo le-drone actuator. Imilinganiselo njenge-sintered yayigqibelele. Emva kokunyanga isisombululo kunye nokuguga, i-bore diameter yancipha ngaphaya komda wokunyamezela, ngelixa i-diameter ye-flange yangaphandle ayizange ichaphazeleke. I-anisotropy yayingenxa yolwalathiso lwe-original compaction ye powder.
Isisombululo, nangona sibiza kakhulu, sihlala sisebenza kumatshini ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela kwi-aged yobudala (Imeko A) okanye imeko ephathwe isisombululo, kwaye emva koko ubudala. Kodwa oku kufuna ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ingakanani inxalenye eya kukhula okanye inciphe ngexesha lokuguga kwelo qela lithile lemathiriyeli kunye nesithando somlilo. Iba yinkqubo esekwe kwiresiphi, hayi umsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Eli nqanaba lolawulo kulapho i-synergy phakathi komenzi wenxalenye ye-P/M kunye ne-machinist echanekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu. I-machinist idinga idatha echanekileyo yonyango lobushushu ukusuka kwi-sinterer ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi i-offsets yokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yabo ye-CNC yokusebenza kwangaphambili komatshini.
Xa Kukhanya (Kwaye Nini Ukujonga Kwenye indawo)
Ngoko nini powder metallurgy steel stainless intshatsheli engenakuphikiswa? Yeyamalungu antsonkothileyo, amancinci ukuya kobukhulu obuphakathi apho ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli evela kwisitokhwe esenziweyo kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-40%, kwaye apho umthamo wemveliso uthethelela iindleko zezixhobo zokufa kokudibanisa. Imizekelo ebalaseleyo ngamacandelo okutshixa, iinxalenye zenkqubo yamafutha emoto (njengeepleyiti ezijikelezayo), kunye nemihlathi ethile yesixhobo sotyando. Ukungaguquguquki komgubo wale mihla kunye neziko elilawulwayo le-sintering livelisa ukuphinda-phinda kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi kwezi zicelo.
Nangona kunjalo, kaninzi ayilolona khetho lungcono kwiimilo ezilula (isiseko se-spacer okanye iwasha), kwiindawo ezinkulu kakhulu apho umthamo wokushicilela uthintelwe, okanye kwizicelo ezifuna ukuxhathisa okungaphezulu kokuhlwa okanye amandla okudinwa kwe-microstructure egqityiweyo, edibeneyo kunye ne-annealed. Kwezo meko, indlela yokuphosa yesintu esuka kwingcaphephe efana ne-QSY, okanye umatshini osuka kwibha, inokuthembeka kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Ukwenza utyalo-mali, umzekelo, kunokufezekisa ukuntsonkotha okufanayo kwaye rhoqo kungcono ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye noxinaniso kwiijiyometri ezithile, nangona kuluhlu lweendleko ezahlukeneyo.
Isigqibo sematrix asizange sibe malunga neendleko zempahla ngekhilogram. Kumalunga nexabiso lilonke eligqityiweyo, inxalenye esebenzayo, ebandakanya ukwenziwa kwesibini, nakuphi na ukufakwa okanye ukucwenga okufunekayo, amaxabiso okulahlwa, kunye nokusebenza endle. Lukhetho lobunjineli beenkqubo.
Ikamva likuMdibaniso kunye nokuDibanisa
Uphuhliso olunomdla ngoku alukho nje kwimiqulu emitsha yomgubo wentsimbi, kodwa kwiinkqubo ezizibopheleleyo. I-Metal Injection Molding (MIM), esebenzisa umgubo ocolekileyo kunye nesibophelelo seplastiki, ityhala imvulophu entsonkothileyo ngakumbi kune-P/M yendabuko yokucinezela-kunye ne-sinter, nangona iza nemingeni yayo yokuqhawula kwaye ilungele iindawo ezincinci kakhulu.
Enye indawo yimathiriyeli ye-hybrid-insimbi engenasici exutywe ne-lubricant efana nobhedu okanye i-agent eqinile. Oku kunokudala iibheringi zokuzithambisa okanye iinxalenye ezineempawu ezihleliweyo kumjikelo omnye we-sintering. Kodwa kwakhona, oku kwazisa utshintsho olutsha kumatshini. Uwenza njani ummandla oyintsimbi engama-90% kunye ne-10% yobhedu? Ipatheni yokunxiba isixhobo iyatshintsha ngapha nangapha.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza nge-powder metallurgy stainless steel ngumsebenzi wokulawula uthomalaliso kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwenkqubo. Kukunyanzela ukuba ucinge ngokugqibeleleyo, ukusuka kuyilo lokuqala lokufa ukuya kwitshekhi yokugqibela ye-QC. Ayisiyonto oyiodolayo nje; yinkqubo othatha inxaxheba kuyo, usebenzisana ngokusondeleyo ne-sinterer kunye ne-machinist ukuhamba kwindawo ephakathi kwe-isotropic eyomeleleyo kunye neyona nto inamandla, kodwa i-quirky kancinane, yokwenyani. Iinkampani eziphumelelayo ngayo zezo zibhuloho ezi hlabathi, kufana nendlela umsebenzi odityanisiweyo ohlanganisa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini we-CNC, onje nge-QSY, ulawula iinuances zokuziphatha kwe-alloy ukusuka kubumba ukuya kwimveliso egqityiweyo.
