Xa usiva 'ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zonyango', umfanekiso okhawulezileyo uhlala ungenasiphako, izinto ezingcolileyo ziphuma kumgca wemveliso ococekileyo. Leyo yiglosi yentengiso. Inyani, apho bendimi khona iminyaka, ngumdaniso omdaka phakathi kwe-metallurgy, ijometri, kunye neemfuno ezingaxoleliyo zomzimba womntu. Ukungaqondi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kukuba kukwenza nje izinto zibe zincinci kwaye zikhazimle. Ayiyo. Kumalunga nokusebenza okuqikelelweyo kwindawo apho ukusilela kungeyondlela yokukhetha, kwaye apho ukhetho phakathi, masithi, ingxubevange ye-cobalt-chromium kunye nenqanaba elithile lentsimbi engenasici inokuxhomekeka kwigophe lobomi lokudinwa elizibonakalisa kuphela emva kweenyanga zovavanyo. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba ikhangeleka njani na kumgangatho wevenkile.
INdawo nguMyalezo
Uqala nge-alloy. Ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukukhetha imathiriyeli yesixhobo sotyando okanye isifakelo akufani nokukhetha isitokhwe sesibiyeli. Kukho i-biocompatibility, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa litikiti nje lomdlalo. Owona msebenzi ukwindlela eziphatha ngayo ngexesha nasemva kwayo ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo. Thatha i-316LVM engenasici. Ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwe-corrosion, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kodwa iimpawu zayo zokuhamba ngexesha lotyalo-mali zihluke, yithi, i-alloy-based alloy efana ne-CoCrMo. Le yokugqibela inenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika kunye nokuziphatha okwahlukileyo kokuncipha. Ukuba uqhuba iqokobhe elifanayo kunye nokugalela iiparamitha kuzo zombini, ucela ingxaki-i-porosity yangaphakathi kwenye, iinyembezi ezishushu kwenye. Ndibone iiprojekthi zikhubeka apha, zithatha ubungakanani obunye-ilungele zonke inkqubo.
Apha kulapho ukuqhelana kwezinto ixesha elide kubalulekile. Ivenkile ephethe amawakawaka obushushu bemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yonyango iphuhlisa uhlobo lolwazi oluchuliweyo. Bayazi ukuba i-alloy ethile esekwe kwi-nickel inokuthambekela kwi-micro-shrinkage kwiinguqulelo ezithile zokutyeba eludongeni, into enokuphoswa ngukulinganisa okusemgangathweni. Ayikokuba nesiqinisekiso nje; imalunga nokuba nenkumbulo kwi-Foundry. Iinkampani eziye zahlala kwingqimba yayo, njenge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, baye bagalela ngokoqobo ezi mathiriyeli ngokuphindaphinda ubugcisa. Loo mbali iguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kumanqaku ambalwa angaphumeleliyo okuqala.
Unyango lwe-post-casting ubushushu yenye indawo yemigodi. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, unyango lwesisombululo, ukwaluphala-konke kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iimpawu zokugqibela zoomatshini. Yenza umjikelo ungalunganga, kwaye ungafaka inxalenye okanye utshabalalise ukuxhathisa kwayo. Ndikhumbula imeko ngepleyiti ye-trauma apho umjikelo wokuguga onobundlongondlongo ukhokelele ekungaphumelelini kokudinwa kwangaphambi kwexesha kuvavanyo olufanisiweyo. Umoni? Ingcinga yokuba iresiphi ye-alloy efanayo iya kusebenza. Kwathatha uphononongo oludibeneyo kunye ne-metallurgist kunye nenyathelo lokubuyela kwi-alloy spec ye-isothermal ye-isothermal diagram ukuyilungisa.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneMngundo nje
Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali, okanye ukubunjwa kweqokobhe, yintliziyo yoku. Inkqubo yepateni yewax intekenteke, kodwa isakhiwo seqokobhe kulapho ubugcisa budibana khona nesayensi. Idiphu nganye eludaka, usetyenziso lwesanti yestucco nganye, yakha iqokobhe leceramic ekufuneka imelane nomothuko we-thermal wesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo ngelixa igcina ingqibelelo enomda. Ubunzima abufani; ungayakha ibengqindilili malunga namacandelo amakhulu ukulawula ukupholisa. Ndichithe iiyure neenjineli zenkqubo zixoxa nge-viscosity yedyasi yokuqala eludaka-ibhityile kakhulu, kwaye ufumana umphezulu ombi; ngqindilili kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokubambisa umoya okanye ubangele ukuqhekeka kweqokobhe ngexesha le-dewaxing.
Ukuzikhupha kwiwaxing linyathelo lobundlobongela. Unyibilika ngokukhawuleza okanye ukhupha umthwebeba ngaphakathi kwelo qokobhe eliethe-ethe. Yenza okungalunganga, kwaye igobolondo iyaqhekeka kuxinzelelo lwe-thermal, inika into engenamsebenzi. Ii-autoclaves zale mihla ziyanceda, kodwa kusafuneka ucofe kuxinzelelo kunye namazinga obushushu erempu yomdibaniso othile wewax kunye nobukhulu beqokobhe. Linyathelo elivakala ngathi luqhushumbo olulawulwayo kunenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Iqokobhe lokugqibela, emva kokudutyulwa kobushushu obuphezulu, lelona liethe-ethe ngendlela emangalisayo, libubumbene, kodwa lomelele. Ukugalela isinyithi kuyo ngumzuzu wenyaniso. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungena-ehlala ingahoywa ngabayili abagxile kuphela kwicala-lubalulekile. Ayilojelo nje lentsimbi; lulawulo lobushushu kunye nenkqubo yokondla. Isango elilungiselelwe kakubi linokubangela ukuphazamiseka (okukhokelela ekufakweni) okanye ukungaphumeleli ukondla i-shrinkage kwindawo yokugqibela yokuqinisa. Sake saba necandelo le-orthopedic elinzima elihlala libonisa i-shrinkage porosity kwikona yangaphakathi efihliweyo. Ukuyila ngokutsha isango kunye nokongeza isinyusi esicwangcisiweyo kusombulule, kodwa kufuna ukucalulwa kwamatye amaninzi ukuze kuxilongwe.
Ukuchaneka luhambo, hayi isifinyezo
Unyamezelo kulwakhiwo lwezixhobo zonyango luqinile, rhoqo kwiimicrons kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa i-as-cast tolerance yintsomi. Yonke into iya kuba nentlukwano. Ubuchule bokwenyani kukulawula loo mahluko ngokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kunye nokwazi ukuba yintoni eya kucocwa kumatshini olandelayo we-CNC. Yingakho izibonelelo ezidibeneyo ezidibanisa ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengokuseta kweQSY, kunenzuzo eyahlukileyo. Oomatshini kunye neenjineli zesiseko ziyakwazi ukuthetha. Banokugqiba, umzekelo, ukushiya isiqingatha se-millimeter yesitokhwe kwindawo enzima ukuyiphosa kuba kulula kwaye inokuthenjwa ngakumbi ukuyimatshini ukuya kubukhulu bokugqibela kunokusukela umphezulu ogqibeleleyo.
Ingxelo yokuhlola inqaku lokuqala lolona xwebhu lubalulekileyo. Ayilophepha lokupasa/lokusilela. Yimaphu yesakhono senkqubo. Ukhangela iipateni ezinxaxhileyo. Ngaba yonke imilinganiselo ikwicala elinye legama? Oko kunokubonisa ukutshintshwa kokungunda okufanayo. Ngaba uburhabaxa bomphezulu buphezulu kwimigangatho ejonge phezulu? Oko kunokuba ngumba we-slag okanye i-oxide yokubandakanywa. Le datha izondla emva ngokuthe ngqo ekulungiseni inkqubo. Iyaphindaphinda, ngamanye amaxesha iyakhathaza.
Kwaye ke kukho ukucoca. Emva kwe-shakeout, unenxalenye edityaniswe ngamasango e-ceramic kunye nomhlaba orhabaxa. Ukususwa kwe-ceramic, ukususwa kwe-ceramic (kaninzi ngokuqhushumba okukrakra okanye ukuvuzwa kweekhemikhali), kunye nokugqithiswa kweendawo ezingenasici apho iziphene ezininzi zomphezulu zingeniswa ukuba azilawulwa ngononophelo. Ugqabhuko-dubulo olunamandla kakhulu lunokusebenza-lukhuni kwaye luthambise umphezulu, lugqume i-porosity engaphantsi komhlaba ethi kamva ibe yindawo yokuqalisa ukuqhekeka. Linyathelo elifuna i-finesse eninzi njengokugalelwa.
Xa Ingalunganga: Amaxesha Okufunda
Iintsilelo ngabona bafundisi-ntsapho babalaseleyo, ngaphandle kokuba uvumelekile ukuba uthethe ngokuphandle ngazo. Enye iprojekthi yangaphambili yayibandakanya icandelo lesikere se-laparoscopic, inxalenye encinci, entsonkothileyo. Iiprototypes zikhangeleka zigqibelele, zigqithise ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Kodwa ngexesha lokuvavanya ubomi obusebenzayo, umngxuma wepivot uye wanda, ubangela umdlalo. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli alukhange lukhombe kwisiphene sokuphosa, kodwa kumandla emveliso yezinto. Sasichaze umgangatho we-17-4PH imeko, kodwa loo jiyometri ekhethekileyo kunye nokulayisha, yayidinga unyango olwahlukileyo lobushushu ukufezekisa ubunzima obuphezulu. I ukuphosa ngokuchanekileyo yayingenasiphako, kodwa iinkcukacha zezinto ezisetyenziswayo zazingalunganga. Yayisisifundo esikhohlakeleyo kwiinkqubo zokucinga.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, sajongana nobukhulu obungahambelaniyo bodonga kwicannula enodonga olucekethekileyo. Inaliti yewax yayilungile, iqokobhe lalikhangeleka lilungile. Ingxaki yalandwa emva kumthi wokuhlanganisa ipateni yewax. I-engile apho le ndawo ithile yayincanyathiselwe kwi-sprue esembindini yayibangela umjelo weqokobhe ongaqhelekanga ngexesha lokudipha, okukhokelela kwidyasi yeceramic ebhityileyo kancinane kwelinye icala, eguqulelwe kudonga olungqindilili lwentsimbi. Ukujikeleza okuncinci kwenxalenye emthini kwayilungisa. Ezi ntlobo zemizuzu, intsebenziswano yenkqubo engabonakaliyo ufunda kuphela ngezandla, ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo.
La mava agxininisa ukuba kutheni ukusebenzisana nomvelisi onamava ayikokukhupha nje umzobo. Imalunga nokungena kulo vimba wokusombulula iingxaki. Ubomi obude benkampani, njengomsebenzi we-QSY weminyaka engama-30, kaninzi kuthetha ukuba bakhe badibana kwaye bazisombulula ezi ngxaki zifihlakeleyo ngaphambili, okonga ixesha kunye neendleko zokuphinda uzibhaqe.
Ikamva Alisongezo Nje
Kukho i-buzz eninzi malunga noshicilelo lwe-3D lwezixhobo zonyango, kwaye ngesizathu esihle. Kodwa kwimveliso yevolumu ephakathi ukuya phezulu yezinto ezincinci, ezinzima, zetsimbi, utyalo mali uhlala unzima kakhulu ukubetha ngokweendleko zokusebenza. Ukugqitywa komphezulu, ukunyaniseka kwe-metallurgical, kunye neempawu zoomatshini ezivela kwinkqubo yokuphosa eqhutywe kakuhle zisephezulu kwizinto ezininzi ezithwele umthwalo kunye nezixhobo. Ikamva, ndiyacinga, likumxube. Ukusebenzisa ushicilelo lwe-3D ukwenza iipateni zewax ezingenakwenzeka okanye nkqu iqokobhe le-ceramic ngqo kwiprototyping okanye i-ultra-complex one-offs, emva koko isebenzise inkqubo yokuphosa echanekileyo, eyoyikisayo, kunye nexabiso elisebenzayo kwimveliso.
Umsonto wedijithali nawo uyaqina. Isoftware yokulinganisa yokuzaliswa komngundo kunye nokuqina iya ibangcono, kodwa isesisikhokelo, hayi i-oracle. Olona setyenziso lusebenzayo endilubonileyo kukuthelekisa uqikelelo lokulinganisa kunye nedatha yokwenyani yenqaku lokuqala kunye neemephu ze-porosity ezivela kuhlolo lwe-X-ray. Ukulinganisa imodeli kwiimeko ezithile zomgangatho wevenkile-i-alloy yakho iyanyibilika, iipropathi zeqokobhe lakho-kulapho ixabiso lokwenyani likhona. Iyanciphisa imijikelo yokuphindaphinda.
Ngoko, oko kusishiya phi? Ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zonyango yitekhnoloji evuthiweyo, kodwa ikude kwi-static. Bubuchule obunzulu, obuqhutywa ziinkcukacha kunye nokufunda okubonakalayo. Injongo ayikuko ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha-ayinakwenzeka loo nto. Injongo yinkqubo eqikelelwayo apho uqonda iindlela zokungaphumeleli, lawula iiparamitha ezibalulekileyo, kwaye ube nobuchule bokuxilongwa kunye nokulungelelanisa. Yiloo nto eyahlula icandelo elibonakala lilungile kwiphepha elithile ukusuka kwelinye elisebenza ngokuthembekileyo ngaphakathi emntwini.
