Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'izahlulo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo', baba nomfanekiso waloo malungu angenasiphako, akufutshane ne-net-shape, aphantse abe ngathi aphuma kubumba ngokugqibeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha. Leyo yiglosi yentengiso. Inyani, ukugaya imihla ngemihla, luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwesithembiso senkqubo kunye nenkani yefiziksi. Ayikokufumana ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo; imalunga nokwazi ukuba zeziphi ukunyamezelana zifanele ukulwa kwindawo ethile, kwaye apho ungavumela inkqubo ukuba iphefumle ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umsebenzi. Imiba emininzi iphoswa ngapha nangapha ngaphandle kokuqonda umlinganiselo weendleko ukuya kwinzuzo kumgangatho wevenkile.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneSanti nje
Thatha ukubunjwa kweqokobhe. Igama liyenza ivakale ngokuthe ngqo-yakha igobolondo, uthele isinyithi. Kodwa ukuhambelana komxube we-resin-isanti? Kulapho iminyaka yokuziva ingena khona. Ibhetshi ekhutshwe ngeqhezu kwi-catalyst ratio ayisileli ngoko nangoko. Iyasilela emva kweeveki, xa ukuphosa kuphuma nomphezulu obonakala umdaka, ungagudi, kuba amandla eqokobhe ayengafani. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kwindlela yokuqhuba izindlu zempompo zomthengi. Amalungu aphumelele iitshekhi ezilinganayo, kodwa umphezulu ogqityiweyo wawunomda. Umxhasi ubakhabile. Oyena nobangela? Ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu kwigumbi lokuxuba ngaloo mini okwatshintsha ukunyanga okuguquguqukayo. Ngoku, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kuloo ndawo yokulungiselela ayinakuxoxisana, nokuba kubonakala ngathi yinkcukacha encinci.
Nantso ke into iindawo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo. Ukuchaneka kuqala ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sibone ukungunda. Iqala ngemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nemozulu eziphathwa kuyo. Kwinkampani efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), enamashumi amathathu eminyaka kule nto, loo nkumbulo yeziko yeyona asethi yokwenyani. Awunakuthenga olo hlobo lwesiseko sedatha yokulungisa ingxaki. Umsebenzi wabo wexesha elide ucebisa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba bakhe ithala leencwadi elomeleleyo leeparamitha zenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zejometri kunye nemathiriyeli, exabiseke kakhulu kunaso nasiphi na isixhobo esitsha.
Kwaye ijometri yinkosi. Ukubumba i-Shell kumnandi kubunzima obuphakathi, kodwa xa ungena kwiitshaneli zangaphakathi okanye ii-undercuts ezinokufuna ii-cores ezintsonkothileyo nezibuthathaka, ingqondo yakho kufuneka itsibele kwenye inkqubo. Uqala ukulinganisa ixabiso leendibano ezingundoqo zokubumba iqokobhe ngokuchasene nenkululeko epheleleyo yejiyometri yotyalo-mali. Yi-pivot yengqondo eqhubekayo.
Ukwenziwa koTyalo-mali: Inkohliso yeNkululeko engenamda
I-investment casting, okanye ilahleko-wax, ngumntwana wepowusta iindawo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo. I-hype imalunga nokubamba iinkcukacha ezimangalisayo, kwaye yinyani. Ungaphosa izinto ezikhangeleka ngoomatshini. Kodwa ubuxoki kukuba sisisombululo esisodwa. Inkqubo yepateni ye-wax ngokwayo yindlela yobugcisa. Uxinzelelo lwesitofu, amaqondo obushushu, kunye namazinga okupholisa e-wax achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo yenxalenye yokugqibela yentsimbi. I-sink encinci kwipatheni ye-wax iguqulela ukuphambuka kwi-casting. Emva koko unesakhiwo se-ceramic shell-idiphu nganye, isicelo ngasinye se-sanding stucco, umjikelo ngamnye wokomisa wongeza umaleko wenguqu enokwenzeka.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yeprototype yeblade ye-injini, kusetyenziswa ialloyi esekwe nickel. Iipateni zewax zazigqibelele. Iqokobhe lalikhangeleka likhulu. Kodwa emva kokukhutshwa kwewaxing nokudubula, saba namaqokobhe ambalwa aneentanda zeenwele. Ayingabo bonke, bambalwa abasuka kwibhetshi enye. Inqaku lokusilela? Umothuko we-thermal ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu be-autoclave dewaxing yayinzima kakhulu kubukhulu beqokobhe elithile kwiindawo ezithile zeengcambu zeblade. Silungelelanise umlinganiselo we-ramp-up kwaye sazisa inqanaba lokutshisa kwangaphambili kumacandelo anzima. Ingxaki isonjululwe, kodwa kusidle ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa. Isifundo yayikukuba umjikelo osemgangathweni awukho semgangathweni. Sisiqalo ekufuneka silungiselelwe ukusasazwa kobuninzi benxalenye.
Kulapho ubuchwephesha bezinto eziphathekayo, njengaloo nto i-QSY igxininisa ngayo umsebenzi wabo kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo (i-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based), iba yinto ebalulekileyo. Ezi ngxubevange azikho malunga nokuxhathisa umhlwa okanye ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu. Baziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngexesha lokuqiniswa. Zinezinto ezahlukeneyo zokucutheka, iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokutyisa. Ukugalela isinyithi esingenasici kwiqokobhe lotyalo-mali yinto enye; ukugalela i-nickel alloy esebenza kakhulu ngomnye umdlalo webhola ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo yokungena-iitshaneli ezondla isinyithi kwindawo-kufuneka ziyilwe phantse ngotyando kwezi zixhobo zokuthintela i-shrinkage porosity kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Awunakuphinda usebenzise uyilo olusuka kwindawo yentsimbi yekhabhoni.
Ukuxhawulana kwesandla ngoMatshini: Apho ukuCalwa Kudibana neNyinene
Hayi indawo yokuphosa echanekileyo igqitywe ngokwenene kwi-shakeout. Nantso enye impazamo enkulu. Isithembiso 'sokufutshane-netha-shape' sithetha ukuba unciphise ukwenziwa koomatshini, kodwa awufane uphelise. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-casting kunye ne-CNC machining isondelelene. Ukuphosa kufuneka kubonelele ngedatha ethembekileyo-indawo yesalathiso-ukuba umashini abambelele kwaye alinganise ukusuka. Ukuba ukuphosa kugqwethiwe, okanye ukuba iindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zojongano aziphoswanga ngesitokhwe esaneleyo esicocekileyo (izinto ezongezelelweyo) zomatshini, yonke into inokuba sisilahlwa kwiziko lomatshini.
Siye sadibanisa CNC machining endlwini emva omnye kakhulu atyholwa imidlalo kunye ivenkile koomatshini yangaphandle. Bangathi ukuphoswa kwethu kuphumile, sibanga ukuba ukulungiswa kwabo bekungalunganga. Ukuyizisa phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko i-QSY yenze ngokuphosa kwabo okudityanisiweyo kunye nokusekwa komatshini we-CNC, itshintsha incoko yababini. Iqela loomatshini lithetha neqela labasunguli. Banokuthi, Hee, ukuba unokuqinisekisa obu buso be-flange ngaphakathi kwe-0.5mm yokukhanya, sinokunciphisa ixesha lethu lomatshini ngama-30%. Loo lophu yempendulo yigolide. Iguqula iinkqubo ezikufutshane ukusuka kwiintshaba zibe ngabadibanisi.
Umzekelo osebenzayo: umzimba wevalve kwintsimbi ephindwe kabini. Umphezulu we-as-cast we-bore yangaphakathi wawulungile, kodwa ukunyaniseka kwetywina, kwakufuneka kugqitywe kakuhle kunye nokunyamezelana kwedayamitha eqinile. Ngokwenza iqela lomatshini lilungele ulungelelwaniso lokuqala lokugalela, isiseko sinokuhlengahlengisa indawo engundoqo ekubunjweni kwebhetshi elandelayo ukuqinisekisa nokususwa kwempahla. Oku kunciphise ixesha lomatshini kunye nokunxiba kwesixhobo kakhulu. I-synergy kwiwebhusayithi yabo ku-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com phakathi kwe-casting kunye ne-machining ayiloluhlu lweenkonzo kuphela; yingcamango yemveliso esisiseko eqhuba ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho.
Izinto eziKhethekileyo: Isiseko soMsebenzi
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli ayikho malunga nepropathi yeshiti. Imalunga nokuphosa. Ngokomzekelo, i-iron iyaxolela. Ihamba kakuhle, yondla kakuhle. Kodwa ukufudukela kwiintsimbi eziphezulu ze-alloy okanye i-stainless, utshintsho lwe-fluidity, uluhlu lokuqinisa luyatshintsha. Ufumana i-pasty engaphezulu, i-mushy solidification, ethambekele kwi-micro-porosity ukuba ayityiswanga kakuhle. Xa i-QSY idwelisa umsebenzi wabo ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi, i-stainless, kunye ne-alloys ezikhethekileyo, loo nto yimiba yobuchule be-Foundry. Ntsapho nganye ifuna isimo sengqondo esahlukileyo.
Kwisixhobo sezolimo esinexabiso eliphezulu, intsimbi enokuqina ingachazwa. Kodwa ngaba ungayijula ngaphandle kweentanda? Ngamanye amaxesha, impendulo kukucebisa ibakala elahluke kancinane elinomsebenzi ofanayo kodwa iimpawu zokuphosa ezingcono. Oko kubunjineli bexabiso elongeziweyo. Asikokwenza nje oko kushicilelweyo; kukubonisana malunga nokuba yintoni na ebhalwe ukuba yenziwe ngokuthembekileyo nangeendleko ezifanelekileyo. Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yokusebenza ithetha isiseko solwazi esinzulu.
Ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zihluke kwihlabathi. Ziyabiza, ngoko ke iindleko ezilahliweyo ziyintlekele. Inyathelo ngalinye licokisekile. Umlinganiselo wokubuyisela (recycled alloy) ulawulwa ngokuqinileyo. Ikhemistri enyibilikayo ijongiwe kwaye iphinde ihlolwe. Ubushushu bokuthulula bubaluleke kakhulu-kushushu kakhulu, ufumana ukusabela okugqithisileyo ngeqokobhe leceramic; cool kakhulu, umngcipheko mistuns. Ukusebenza nezi akusiyo isiseko sexesha elithile. Ifuna iinkqubo ezizinikeleyo kwaye, ngokungafihlisiyo, inqanaba elahlukileyo loqeqesho lomgangatho wevenkile.
Umyinge wokwenyani wokuchaneka: Ukuhambelana kwexesha
Ngoko ke, yintoni echaza okulungileyo iindawo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo umthengisi? Ayiyiyo iprototype enye ephuma ngokugqibeleleyo. Liqhekeza le-10,000 kwimveliso eqhutywayo ehambelana ne-1 kunye ne-5,000. Luvavanyo olukhohlakeleyo olo. Imalunga nolawulo lwenkqubo olusindayo kutshintsho lweshifti, ukwahluka kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nemijikelo yokugcinwa kwezixhobo.
Oku kuhambelana kwakhelwe kumaxwebhu kunye nenkcubeko. Ziingodo zesithando somlilo, iirekhodi zeparameter ye-wax injection, iitshekhi zemihla ngemihla kwi-sand grain distribution. Kukuvuma ukucotha nokuphanda xa itshathi yolawulo lwenkqubo yobalo ibonisa intsingiselo, nokuba iinxalenye zisasebenza ngokobuchwephesha. Inkampani ebikho ixesha elide njengoko i-QSY ikwazile oku okanye ngekhe iphile. Ishishini liyohlwaya kakhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuphoswa ngokuchanekileyo ligcisa elithobekileyo elinxibe isigama sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Amalungu anokuphelela kwi-aerospace okanye kwizixhobo zonyango, kodwa aqala ngabantu abajonga amaqondo obushushu, ukulinganisa i-viscosity, kunye nokuhlola umphezulu ngeliso eliqhelileyo. Ukuchaneka kokwenyani akukho nje kwiimicrons kumzobo; kukuphindaphindwa kwezigqibo ezincinci ezingenakubalwa ezenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, usuku nosuku. Yiloo nto oyithengayo ngokwenene.
