Xa abantu abaninzi besiva inkonzo yomatshini, baba nomfanekiso wevenkile elandela ifayile yeCAD. Thumela umzobo, ufumane inxalenye. Kodwa kulapho kwenzeka khona impazamo enkulu yokuqala. Umsebenzi wangempela uqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isixhobo sokuqala sithinte isitokhwe. Kukwincoko malunga nomsebenzi, malunga noxinzelelo olungabonakaliyo oluya kujongana nenxalenye, malunga nokuba ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kumzobo kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okanye umkhwa obiza kakhulu. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi ziqhutywa kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kuba inkonzo ithathwe njengempahla yorhwebo, hayi ubambiswano. Umahluko awukho koomatshini kuphela; kumashumi eminyaka yolwazi lwezinto eziphathekayo ezihlala kwintloko ye-machinist.
Isiseko: Akunjalo malunga ne-CNC kuphela
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngokuchaneka inkonzo yomatshini ngaphandle kokuqala ngale nto uyisikayo. Apha kulapho iivenkile ezininzi zamayeza afana nalawo aveliswe ngabenzi zibetheka eludongeni. Ukusebenza nge-aluminiyam eqhelekileyo okanye intsimbi ethambileyo yinto enye. Kodwa xa ungena kwindawo enzima-umsebenzi okanye kwindawo ezonakalisayo, umdlalo utshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Ndithetha nge-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel, uchungechunge lwe-cobalt-chrome-izinto ezisebenza nzima xa uqala ukusika, izinto ezitya ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ukuba awufumani yonke into ngokufanelekileyo.
Yiloo nto imvelaphi yevenkile ibalulekile. Indawo ekhe yenziwa kuphela ukwenza ukukhanya kuyasokola. Kodwa ivenkile esekelwe kumsebenzi wesiseko, njengaye I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), uza kuyo evela kwelinye icala. Baye bagalela isinyithi iminyaka engaphezu kwe-30 ngaphambi kokuba ifike kwi-CNC. Oko kuthetha ukuba bayasiqonda isakhiwo sokutya okuziinkozo, iindawo ezichatshazelwe bubushushu ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa, kunye noxinzelelo olunokubakho lwangaphakathi ukusuka ekuhambeni. Xa ubathumelela ukuphoswa kumatshini wokugqiba, ababoni nje okungenanto; bayayibona imbali yayo. Olo lwazi lwangaphakathi lwemathiriyeli lwazisa yonke iparameter yokusika, ukusuka kumlinganiselo wesondlo ukuya kuhlobo lokupholisa, ngendlela ivenkile esulungekileyo yomatshini ayinakuphindaphinda.
Ndikhumbula umsebenzi wecandelo levalvu kwinkqubo yomphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Umxhasi unikeze i-duplex stainless steel casting. Isicwangciso sokuqala esivela kumthengisi owahlukileyo yayiyipasi eqhelekileyo kunye nokugqiba. Kodwa iqela le-QSY, lijonge ingxelo yokuphosa, licebise i-anneal yokunciphisa uxinzelelo phambi kwanoma yimuphi umatshini omkhulu. Ngoba? Amava abo ngenkqubo yokuphosa abaxelele ukuba uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka ekupholiseni lunokubangela ukugqwetheka emva kokuba sinqumle izinto, siphosa ukucaba kokugqibela ngaphandle kwe-spec. Senze i-aneal. Yongeza inyathelo, kodwa yagcina inxalenye. Lolo luhlobo lwesigwebo oluvela ekuqondeni okudityanisiweyo ngokuthe nkqo, ukusuka ekugalweni ukuya kowokugqibela inkonzo yomatshini.
Umsebenzi olula owawungekho
Ngamanye amaxesha, ezona nxalenye zikhangeleka zithe ngqo zezona zikhohlisayo. Umxhasi wakhe wayedinga uthotho lweepleyiti zokutywina ezinkulu ezisicaba kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Umzobo wawufuna ukugqitywa komphezulu okubonakala kufikeleleka. Kodwa ukubanjiswa yayiyisayizi-kanye kumda wokuhamba kwebhedi yethu enkulu-kunye nemfuneko yokuthamba okugqibeleleyo kuyo yonke inqwelomoya, hayi iindawo zalapha ekhaya.
Siyimise, sicofe kwiindlela zesixhobo, kwaye siqalise. Iqhekeza lokuqala lehla kwaye lilinganiswe ngokugqibeleleyo embindini. Kodwa xa sibeka umda othe tye ngaphaya kwediagonal, sabona isaphetha esincinci, mhlawumbi nge-0.1mm ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 yeemitha. Akuninzi, kodwa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungaphumeleli uvavanyo lwetywina. Ingcinga ekhawulezileyo yayikukuphambuka komatshini okanye ngumba wokubamba. Siphinde sajonga yonke into, sasebenzisa iqhinga elahlukileyo lokubamba, sade sajika nenxalenye. Isaphetha sazingisa, sikwindlela nje eyahlukileyo.
Emva kokukrazula intloko kakhulu, sabuyela kwi-material. Yayilibakala lentsimbi elaziwa ngokuba lizinzile, kodwa le yayiyijometri enkulu, enodonga olucekethekileyo. Ithiyori esifike kuyo-kwaye kulapho uxhomekeke kwimvakalelo yamathumbu eyakhiwe kwiminyaka yeempazamo-yayikukuba isiqabu sangaphakathi soxinzelelo lokusikeka sangaphambili sasibangela ukuba inxalenye ihambe kancinci njengoko siyigqibile. Isisombululo ibingekokuchaneka komatshini; yayilutshintsho lwenkqubo. Saphule ipasi lokugqibela lokugqiba libe ngamacuku amaninzi, alula, sivumela izinto ukuba zizinze phakathi kwesinye, kwaye sitshintshe indlela yomatshini. Kwathatha ixesha elide, kodwa kwasebenza. Sifunda ntoni? Umatshini uhlakaniphile kuphela njengenkqubo oyinika yona. Yinyani inkonzo yomatshini kufuneka ibe liqabane lokusombulula ingxaki, hayi nje umqhubi.
Unxibelelwano: Esona sixhobo singahoywanga
Isixhobo esihle kakhulu asinamsebenzi ngaphandle kwengxoxo ecacileyo, eqhubekayo. Ndilahlekelwe ukubalwa kwamaxesha iprojekthi ilibazisekile ngenxa yentelekelelo. Enye yeklasikhi ijikeleze ukuchithwa. Umzobo uthi yaphula yonke imiphetho ebukhali. Kumachinist omnye, oko kukupasa ngokukhawuleza ngefayile yesandla. Komnye, yiradiyasi ethile. Kwinxalenye eya kusingatha i-hydraulic fluid phantsi koxinzelelo, loo mahluko unokubangela uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kwaye lukhokelela ekungaphumeleli. Ngoku, sibuza ngokucacileyo: Yintoni umsebenzi wale nxalenye? Ngaba iya kubona imithwalo eguqukayo? Ngaba ngumphezulu onxibileyo? Iimpendulo zichaza indlela esiphatha ngayo yonke imiphetho, umngxuma kunye nomphezulu.
Kulapho indlela yenkampani ekudala ikho ibonisa. Kwindawo efana ne-QSY, kunye nembali yabo enzulu kuzo zombini ukuphosa kunye inkonzo yomatshini, incoko idla ngokuqala ngombandela nendlela esebenza ngayo. Basenokubuza, Le nxalenye ye-nickel alloy yeyeblade ye-injini yomoya? Kulungile, ke imfezeko yomphezulu ukusuka kumatshini ibalulekile-siyakunqanda nasiphi na isixhobo sokuhlala kwaye sisebenzise izixhobo ezithile zokugquma ukunqanda ukuqina komsebenzi. Elo nqanaba lophando lithintela iingxaki ezantsi kumgca.
Sakhe sasebenza ngomatshini uthotho lwezindlu zempompo ezivela kwintsimbi engenasici. Umxhasi wayevuya ngenqaku lokuqala. Ekuqhubeni imveliso, sifumene ibhetshi entsha yokusakha kwi-Foundry yabo. Sazenza ngoomatshini ngokufanayo. Umxhasi wabuya ecaphukile—amalungu ayenomsindo ngexesha lendibano. Emva kwexesha elininzi lokubuyela emva nangaphandle, safumanisa ukuba isiseko sitshintshile umxholo we-silicon kwi-alloy kancinane ukuphucula i-castability, eyenza ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo zibonakale zigummier ngexesha lomatshini. Besingekaxelelwa. Silungelelanise isantya sethu, ukutya, kunye nokugxila kokupholisa, kwaye ingxaki yasonjululwa. Kodwa yayisisifundo esineendleko ezinkulu ekucingeni ukuba ungaguquguquki. Ngoku, siyaqinisekisa ii-certs eziphathekayo kwibhetshi nganye, akukho ngaphandle.
Xa Ukuchaneka Kuneentsingiselo Ezahlukileyo
Ukunyamezela umzobo kululwimi, yaye kufuneka kuguqulelwe. Ukunyamezela ±0.005 kwisibiyeli kwahlukile kunyamezelo olufanayo kumbhobho wesitofu sesibaso. Enye imalunga nokufaneleka, enye imalunga ne-fluid dynamics. Indlela yokwenza oomatshini itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Kwisibiyeli, unokusebenzisa isisila esiqinileyo kunye nesondlo esinamandla. Kwi-injector, uthetha ngezixhobo ezincinci, ii-spindles ezinesantya esiphezulu, kunye nokugxila kumphezulu wokugqiba ngaphezulu kwesantya esisulungekileyo.
Oku kuzuza ngakumbi nangakumbi ngealloyi ezikhethekileyo iQSY ihlala iphatha. Ukucoca i-alloy esekwe kwi-cobalt yokufakelwa kwezonyango kufuna ukucoceka kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu okwiligi eyahlukileyo ukusuka kumatshini we-alloy efanayo kwi-bushings enganyangekiyo kwizixhobo zemigodi. Iinkqubo zinokwabelana ngesiseko, kodwa ulawulo, izicwangciso zendlela yesixhobo, kunye nonyango lwasemva komatshini (ukwenziwa, ukucocwa okukhethekileyo) kuyahlukana. Umgangatho inkonzo yomatshini ayiwabethi nje amanani; iyasiqonda isizathu sokuba ngasemva kwamanani kwaye ilungelelanise yonke indlela yokusebenza kuyo.
Oku ndakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Sasinomsebenzi wezinye izikhonkwane zokudibanisa ukusuka kwimvula-eqinisa intsimbi engatyiwayo. Ukunyamezela kwakuqinile kwi-diameter. Sayibetha yafa, mhle finish. Amalungu awaphumelelanga kwisiqinisekiso. Ngoba? Kugxininiso lwethu kububanzi, sisebenzise indlela yesixhobo eyenza ipateni encinci ye-helical kumphezulu. Kwicandelo lolwakhiwo, kulungile. Kwesi sidibanisi sombane, loo patheni encinci yandisa indawo ephezulu kwaye yachaphazela ukuncamathela kweplating. I-spec ayikhange ibize umkhombandlela othile wokuthungwa komphezulu, kodwa isicelo sasiyifuna. Ngoku, sihlala sibuza malunga ne-post-processing kunye nokuphela kokusetyenziswa. Umzobo ngumthetho, kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngumxholo.
Ixabiso Lokubona Ikhonkco Lonke
Olu lolona ncedo lokwenyani lomboneleli ohleli kwindawo ekudityaniswa kuyo izinto kunye nomatshini. Uninzi lweendleko zokwenyani kunye nexesha lokucwila kwimveliso kukudibaniso-xa inxalenye isuka kwenye ingcali ukuya kwenye. Xa ukuphosa kunye inkonzo yomatshini baphantsi kophahla olunye, okanye ubuncinci kwintsebenziswano enzulu njengabo kunye nemodeli ye-QSY, usike isixa esikhulu sokukhuhlana.
Oomatshini banokondla umva kwisiseko: Le migca yokwahlula ibangela incoko, okanye Ngaba singongeza idini elincinci apha ukuze libambe? I-Foundry inokucebisa: Ukuba umatshini lo mphezulu kuqala, uya kuzinzisa inxalenye yeminye imisebenzi. Oku kulungelelaniswa kwentsebenziswano akunakwenzeka kwimodeli yentengiselwano, yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ikhokelela kuyilo olungcono. Sisebenze neenjineli ukongeza uyilo, ukulungelelanisa ubukhulu bodonga, okanye ukucebisa ezinye iialloyi ekulula ukuzisebenza ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza, konke kuba sibona uhambo olusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo.
Ekugqibeleni, inkonzo enkulu yomatshini ayibonakali. Umxhasi ufumana inxalenye ehambelanayo, esebenzayo, kwaye ihlala. Ababoni iimvavanyo ezingaphumeleliyo, iingxoxo eziphathekayo, inkqubo yokulungiswa. Kodwa yiloo nto abayihlawulayo: hayi nje ixesha lomatshini, kodwa isigwebo esiqokelelweyo esiguqula uyilo lube yinyani ethembekileyo. Bubuchule, obuxhaswa yinzululwazi, kwaye bucatshukiswa ngamava amaninzi asebenzayo, ngamanye amaxesha ayakhathazayo.
