Xa uthetha ngeevalvu, wonke umntu utsibela kwidiski, kwisiqu, kwi-actuator. I isihlalo umsesane? Idla ngokuba yingcinga engemva, inxalenye yempahla yorhwebo. Yimpazamo yokuqala leyo. Kwiminyaka yam engamashumi amathathu ejikeleze ukujula kunye nezinto ezenziwe ngoomatshini, ndibone ukusilela kwevalve kulandelela umva esitulweni kunayo nayiphi na enye indawo. Lujongano olutywina isivumelwano, ngokoqobo. Umzimba wevalve ogqibeleleyo awunamsebenzi ukuba isihlalo asikwazi ukubamba uxinzelelo okanye ukumelana neendaba. Ingcamango ephosakeleyo kukuba yintsimbi yentsimbi ocinezela kuyo. Akunjalo. Licandelo elichanekileyo elisebenza ngokuhambelana nokuhambelana kwezinto, ukunyamezelana komatshini, kunye nokuthembeka kokufakela.
Isixhobo asiloPhepha nje eliKhethekileyo
Ufumana umzobo obiza i-316 yensimbi engenasici isihlalo umsesane. Kulula, akunjalo? Akunjalo. Ngaba yeyomgca oqhelekileyo wamanzi okanye inkonzo yerhasi emuncu nge-H2S? Isiseko se-alloy sinokufana, kodwa indlela yokusilela ayiyi kuba. Safunda oku kwangethuba. Ibhetshi yezihlalo zeplanti yeekhemikhali, ezenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwindawo eqhelekileyo yebha ye-316, yaqala ukubonisa iintanda ezincinci emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. I-specke yahlangatyezwa ngokobuchwephesha, kodwa ubunyani bokuqhekeka kwe-chloride-induced stress corrosion yayingekho kushicilelo. Umxhasi ucinga ukuba 316 wayigubungela. Ngoku, sigrumba nzulu. Ukuba kungenxa yenkonzo enzima, sityhala ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwi-chemistry enyibilikayo kwaye sicebisa i-duplex ebhityileyo okanye i-nickel-based alloy efana ne-Inconel 625 yeringi yesitulo, ngakumbi ukuba idityaniswe nediski enobuso obunzima. Ayikokuthengisa; imalunga neringi esindayo kumjikelo wokuqala we-thermal kunye nekhulu.
Apha kulapho isiseko sexesha elide kunye namava omatshini ahlawula khona. E-QSY, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kubumba lweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, sigalele kwaye sasebenza ngoomatshini phantse yonke into. Izihlalo zentsimbi zokuphosa kwiivalvu zesango eziphantsi, i-CF8M yomsebenzi wemichiza jikelele, kwaye emva koko i-specials: i-Stellite esekelwe kwi-cobalt 6 yokwaleka kobushushu obuphezulu, okanye amakhonkco e-Hastelloy C-276 aqinileyo yee-acids ezimbi ngokwenene. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwindandatho yokuhlala kuchaza yonke into ephantsi-indlela yokuphosa (i-shell mold yobunzima kunye nomthamo, utyalo-mali lwe-superalloys kunye nemilo eyinkimbinkimbi), isicwangciso somatshini, kunye neendlela zokuhlola zokugqibela.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yeretrofit kwindawo yokucoca. Babetshintsha iivalve kwiyunithi ye-coker. Izihlalo ezikhoyo, ezenziwe kumgangatho we-410 we-stainless, ziguguleka kwiiveki. Ingxaki yayingebobushushu nje kuphela; yayiyintlanganisela yobushushu kunye nokukrazula kwenxalenye ethile. Sicebise ngomsesane wesihlalo esinesiseko se-304 kodwa ngedangatye elitshizwe nge-tungsten carbide coating ebusweni bokutywinwa. I-machining yayifanele igqibelele-i-substrate yayidinga iphrofayili ethile yomgangatho ukuze i-coating ibambelele, kwaye i-post-coating yokugqibela kufuneka ibe yi-sub-micron ukugcina i-flatness yetywina. Yasebenza, yandisa ubomi benkonzo ngaphezu konyaka. Sifunda ntoni? Isixhobo sokuhlala asiyiyo i-monolithic; inokuba yinkqubo edibeneyo.
Ukuchaneka koMatshini: Apho ithiyori idibana neChuck
Nantsi inxalenye yegritty. Unokuba ne-alloy egqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba umatshini ucimile, umsesane wesitulo sisilaphu. Umphezulu wokutywina, umcaba okanye ubunzulu, i-angle engasemva yocinezelo-fit-la ayingomanani nje kumzobo. Baziva. Kwi-CNC, uyayicwangcisa, kodwa kufuneka uyazi. Ukusika iringi yesitulo se-Inconel ethambileyo, lihlabathi elingaphandle kokwenza intsimbi enqabileyo, eqinileyo. Isixhobo sokunxiba, uxinzelelo lokupholisa, izinga lokutya—zonke ziyatshintsha. Incoko encinci ekugqithiseni kokugqibela kwi-a isihlalo umsesane indawo yokutywina inokudala indlela evuzayo engabonakaliyo emehlweni kodwa icace njengemini kuvavanyo lokuvuza kwe-helium.
Kuninzi oku kusenziwa kwindawo yethu. I-URL https://www.tsingtaocnc.com ayikhokeli nje kwincwadana; imele umgangatho apho ezi nxalenye zenziwa khona. Kwisihlalo sevalve yesango loxinzelelo oluphezulu, sinokusimatshini ukusuka kwindawo eqinileyo eyenziwe ngomqhagi. Inkqubo iqala ngokurhabaxa, emva koko ithomalalise uxinzelelo, emva koko igqibezele, emva koko igqibezele ukusika ngesixhobo se-CBN ukufumana loo Ra 0.8 μm umphezulu onjengesipili. Ukunyamezela kwi-OD yokulungelelaniswa kokuphazamiseka kunokuba +0.000/+0.0005. Sisiqingatha sakho eso. Uphefumla kakubi, kwaye iphumile kwinto ethile. Kwaye awukwazi ukuyilinganisa kube kanye; uyilinganisela emva kokuba ipholile ukuya kwi-20 ° C, kuba isinyithi siyakhula.
Umngxunya oqhelekileyo kucinga ukuba isihlalo yinxalenye elula ejikiweyo. Kwizihlalo zevalve yebhola, ngakumbi kwi-trunnion-mounted designs, ijometri intsonkothile-inokuba nepokotho engqukuva, imingxuma yebholiti, kunye neendawo zokutywina. Inkqubo ye-CNC kufuneka iphendule ngokuphambuka kwesixhobo kwii-axes ezahlukeneyo. Sakhe saba nebhetshi apho igroove yesitywina sesibini se-elastomeric yayiziimicrons ezimbalwa kakhulu. Izihlalo zigqithise uhlolo lwe-dimensional, kodwa ngexesha lokuhlanganisana, i-O-ring ayizange icinezele ngokwaneleyo. Isiphumo? Ukungaphumeleli kovavanyo lokutywinwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi. Kwafuneka kucinywe amaqhekeza angama-200. Ulungiso lwalungekokulungisa nje inkqubo; ibiqinisekisa ukuba iradiyasi yesixhobo ibingekagugi, itshintsha ubunzulu obusikiweyo obusebenzayo.
I Gambit yoFakelo
Eli lixesha lenyaniso, kwaye ihlala iphuma ezandleni zethu njengomvelisi. Iringi yesitulo esenziwe kakuhle inokutshatyalaliswa kwimizuzwana emibini sisifakeli esinzima. Indlela yeklasikhi yi-hydraulic press okanye ihamile kunye ne-drift. Ngaba ikho ingozi? Ukuqhotsa iringi kwibhore, ukukrazula indawo yokuhlala ethambileyo, okanye ukwenza izaphulelo ezincinci ezivela kwimpembelelo. Ngomsesane wesihlalo sokucofa, sihlala sicacisa i-angle ye-chamfer ekhokelayo kunye nowona mandla ocinezelayo. Ngamanye amaxesha side sinikeze isiko ufakelo mandrel ukusasaza umthwalo ngokulinganayo.
Ndikhuthaza ukucutheka apho kunokwenzeka. Fudumeza umzimba wevalvu, faka iringi yesitulo sobushushu begumbi. Icocekile, ifana kakhulu. Kodwa kufuneka ubale i-coefficients yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ngokuchanekileyo. Ukufudumeza umzimba wentsimbi yekhabhoni ukuya kuma-250°C ukuze ulingane neringi yesitulo sentsimbi esomeleleyo kuyasebenza kuba i-stainless iyanda kancinci. Yiwise phakathi, iphole, kwaye ufumana ukuhambelana, ukugcinwa kwamandla aphezulu. Undoqo kukulawula ubushushu ukuze ungachaphazeli umsindo womzimba okanye ukuqina kwesitulo. Sibonelele ngamaxwebhu enkqubo yofakelo kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, echaza indlela yokufudumeza, iindawo zobushushu, kunye nezinga lokupholisa. Kubonakala kugqithise kwiringi, kodwa ithintela ukufowuna.
Eyona ntsilelo imbi endayibonayo yayibangelwa kukubethelelwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Emva kokucofa iringi yesihlalo, ezinye iziyilo zifuna amanqaku ambalwa (staking) ajikeleze umzimba wevalvu ukonakalisa intsimbi phezu komqolo weringi kwaye uyitshixe. Uchwephesha wasebenzisa ipunch ye-pneumatic enamandla kakhulu. Umothuko wakrazula iringi yesitulo ukusuka kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo. Ivalve ebanjwe ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-hydro, kodwa ukuqhekeka kwanda phantsi kokusebenza komjikelo kwaye iringi yesitulo yahlukana ngokwesiqingatha emva kweenyanga ezintathu, ibangela ukuvuza okukhulu. Oyena nobangela? Inkqubo ye-staking ayizange ihambelane ne-brittleness yesixhobo se-ring yesihlalo. Ngoku, kwimathiriyeli ebuthathaka, sihlala sicebisa uyilo oludityanisiweyo okanye oludityanisiweyo lwesitulo seringi endaweni ye-staked press-fit.
I-Case in Point: I-Thermal Power Plant Debacle
Ibali lokwenyani elaqinisa iimbono zam. Umzi-mveliso oshushu waodola iseti yeevalvu zokwahlula zomphunga eziphambili. Izihlalo bezichazwe njengeStellite 6 ejongene nazo. Umthengisi (hayi thina ngelo xesha) wayejongene nabo ngokudibanisa intonga ye-Stellite kwiringi yokuxhasa i-carbon steel. Kuvakala umgangatho. Kodwa inkqubo ye-welding idale iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwentsalela. Ngexesha lomatshini, uxinzelelo lwaye lwakhululeka ngokuyinxenye, kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo. Xa izihlalo zifakwe kunye nenkqubo yahamba kwi-intanethi, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ye-thermal ekhawulezayo ukusuka kwi-ambient ukuya kwi-540 ° C kubangele ukuba i-Stellite layer kwizihlalo ezimbalwa idilize kwaye ikhuphe njengesikhumba sebhanana. Ukuvuza okuyintlekele.
I-post-mortem yalatha ukulungiswa kwe-substrate kunye nobuchule be-welding. Xa i-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yaziswa ukubonelela ngokutshintshwa, sathatha indlela eyahlukileyo. Kwiringi yesihlalo, sisebenzise iStellite 6 eyomeleleyo ngokufaka utyalo-mali kwiringi yonke. Ebiza kakhulu? Ewe. Kodwa yalususa ujongano lwebimetal kunye nomngcipheko ohambelana nawo wokudambisa. I-machining yayicotha, isebenzisa izixhobo ze-ceramic, kodwa umphumo waba yi-homogeneous structure. Ezo zivalo zisasebenza. Ukuthathwa kweringi yesihlalo apha kukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa-nokuba sisigqubuthelo sebimetal, ukuphosa okuqinileyo, okanye umgubo wesinyithi-ibaluleke kakhulu njengebakala lemathiriyeli ngokwalo. Awunakuzahlula ezi zimbini.
La mava azondla ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela esisebenza ngayo ngoku. Kubaluleke kakhulu isihlalo umsesane izicelo, asijongi nje kwi-spec yemathiriyeli; sihlaziya yonke indawo yenkonzo-imijikelo yobushushu, ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo, ukubunjwa kwemidiya, kunye nesantya sokwenza i-actuation (i-valve ye-slam-shut inzima kwisihlalo kunokuvalwa kancinci). Lo mbono uphelele usoloko usikhokelela ekucebiseni isisombululo esomeleleyo kwasekuqaleni, nokuba sibiza kancinci ngaphambili. Yakha ukuthembeka.
Ngaphaya kweMetal: Ikamva kunye neZiseko
Kukho incoko malunga neepolymers eziphambili, iiseramikhi, kunye nezakhiwo ze-lattice eziprintiweyo ze-3D zezihlalo. Kwi-niche ethile, uxinzelelo oluphantsi, usetyenziso oludlekayo, i-PEEK okanye izihlalo eziqinisiweyo ze-PTFE zilungile. Kodwa ubuninzi bezicelo zevalvu zoshishino-oyile negesi, amandla, imichiza-amakhonkco esihlalo sesinyithi aziyi ndawo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kukwiinkcukacha: ukunyamezelana okungqongqo nge-CNC engcono, uvavanyo olungonakalisi njenge-pased array ultrasound ukubona iziphene ze-bonding kwi-overlays, kunye neengubo eziphezulu ezifana neefilimu ze-ceramic ze-PVD zokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kunye nokunxiba.
Nangona kunjalo, yonke le teknoloji ixhomekeke kwizinto ezisisiseko. Umjikelo ococekileyo, obhalwe kakuhle wokuphatha ubushushu kwiringi yesitulo engenanto. Umatshini olinganisiweyo, oqinileyo weCNC. Ilebhu ye-metrology eqonda i-gage R&R. Kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abakumgangatho owaziyo ukuba ukuphumelela kokugqibela kobo buso bokutywina ayisiyonto nje enye into eyenziwayo-yinto eyenza okanye eyaphula ivalve. Kwi-QSY, ukuba imbali yeminyaka engama-30 ayilonani nje; yinkumbulo yeziko yezifundo ezincinci eziliwaka ezifundwe kumgangatho wevenkile, izifundo ezisetyenziswa ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzi omtsha weringi ungena.
Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ujonge umzobo wevalvu okanye isicatshulwa, musa ukuqaqambisa into yomgca wesitulo. Buza imibuzo. Yeyiphi imeko yenkonzo eyinyani? Yenziwa njani-iphoswe, yenziwe ngomkhonto, yenziwe ngoomatshini kwibhari? Ifakwa njani? Loo msesane omncinci uthwala wonke umthwalo woxinzelelo xa ivalve ivaliwe. Ukusebenza kwayo ngumahluko phakathi kokuvalwa okuqinileyo kunye nesiganeko sokusingqongileyo okanye ukuvalwa kwenkqubo. Yiphathe ngentlonelo i-linchpin ifanele. Fumana izinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo echanekileyo, kwaye i-valve eseleyo ihlala inyamekela ngokwayo.
