Xa usiva 'ivalve yentsimbi engenastainless casting', iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwizinto ezigudisiweyo, ezikhangeleka zigqibelele kwikhathalogu. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Inyani lihlabathi lobushushu, isikali, kunye nothethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwesinyithi, ijometri, kunye neendleko. Ayikokugalela nje i-316 etyhidiweyo kwisingundo; imalunga nokulawula ukuqina kokuqina kumzimba onzima, ukuqinisekisa iivalve zentsimbi engenasici ube nengqibelelo yokuphatha i-1000 PSI kunye nemidiya eyonakalisayo, hayi nje ukujonga kakuhle kwiphepha elithile. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi olusebenza kwi-CAD kodwa lubi kakhulu ukuphosa, olukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwakhona okunexabiso eliphezulu okanye, okubi ngakumbi, ukusilela kwintsimi.
Ucelomngeni olungundoqo: Yonke into ikwiJiyometri
Imizimba yevalvu iyingxaki ngokwendalo kwiziseko. Ayizobhloko ezilula. Uneepaseji ezinqumlanayo, ubungakanani bodonga olwahlukeneyo olujikeleze iindawo zezibuko, kunye nobo buso bubalulekileyo beflange. I-Thermal Dynamics ngexesha lokupholisa yi-nightmare ukuba ayilawulwa. Icandelo elishinyeneyo elondla kudonga olucekethekileyo? Leyo yindawo eshushu elinde ukwenza i-shrinkage porosity, kanye apho umgangatho woxinzelelo ubaluleke kakhulu. Oku sikufunde kabuhlungu kulandelelwano lwangethuba lwemizimba yevalvu yesango. Uyilo lomthengi lwalunobuhle, iprofayili ehlangeneyo, kodwa ilungiselelo elingundoqo laliphantse lingenzeki ukuba liphume kakuhle. Isiphumo yaba yi-30% yereyithi ye-scrap evela kwi-porosity yangaphakathi efunyenwe ngexesha lomatshini. Isifundo yayingekokujongwa ngcono kweX-reyi nje; kwakumalunga nokubandakanyeka kwinqanaba lokuyila ukucebisa ii-angles zedrafti ezifihlakeleyo kunye ne-radii yokuguquka eyenza ukuba isinyithi sihambe kwaye sinciphise ngokuqikelelwayo.
Kulapho ukhetho lwenkqubo ye-Foundry luba lubaluleke kakhulu. Kwiipaseji ezintsonkothileyo zangaphakathi zeglowubhu okanye ivalve yebhola, ukubumba iqokobhe kudla ngokunika umphezulu ongcono ukugqibezela kunye nokuchaneka komphezulu kunesanti eluhlaza. Kodwa kwiivalvu zesango ezinkulu, ezinobunzima, isango lokungena elomeleleyo kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka kumngundo wesanti kunokuba noqoqosho ngakumbi ukunqanda ukushwabana. Lurhwebo-off. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kunye Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) apho sasiprototyping uthotho lwemizimba yevalvu yolawulo kwintsimbi ephindwe kabini. Iimpawu zokuqiniswa kwezinto zinobuqili. Iqela labo, elixhomekeke kubuchule babo bokubumba iqokobhe, licebise uyilo oluguquliweyo lwesango elondla isinyithi ukusuka kwiflange esezantsi ukuya phezulu, ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokufakwa kweoksidi. Yayingeyiyo indlela yencwadi, kodwa yasebenza. Ungayibona indlela yabo kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo kwindawo yazo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com – incinci malunga namabango akhanyayo kwaye ngaphezulu malunga nokwahlulwa kobugcisa bokuthelekisa inkqubo, ebonakala iyinyani.
Kwaye ke kukho isibonelelo somatshini. Wonke umntu ufuna ukuyinciphisa ukuze wonge kwiindleko zoomatshini. Kodwa ukuba uyinqumle kakhulu, utshintsho oluncinci lokuphosa okanye ukungafezeki komphezulu kuthetha ukuba indawo isisilahlwa emva kokuba utyale imali kwi-casting. Sibeka umgangatho kwi-3mm yesibonelelo kubuso obubalulekileyo kuninzi lwethu intsimbi engenasici iivalve castings, kodwa kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, sinokuyiqhumisa loo nto. Sisikhuseli senyani. I-machinist idinga into yokusebenza nayo, ngakumbi xa ubambe unyamezelo +/-0.5mm kumyinge osembindini wobuso.
I-Material Maze: 304, 316, CF8M, kunye nokuNgaphaya
Yenza nje ku 316. Sisicelo esiqhelekileyo eso. Kodwa 316 yintoni? Cast ilingana CF8M? Usebenze 316 ibha isitokhwe kwicandelo eyahlukileyo? Iipropathi zekhemikhali kunye nezoomatshini ziyahluka. I-alloy yokuphosa kufuneka ibe ne-fluidity efanelekileyo kunye nokumelana nokukrazula okushushu. Umxholo wesilicon uphezulu. Ukuba awuthanga ngqo, uya kufumana inxalenye ephumelele uvavanyo lwe-PMI gun ye-Cr/Ni/Mo kodwa isenokungabi nefuthe elibukhali elifunekayo kwinkonzo ye-cryogenic. Ndichithe iiyure ndicacisa izinto eziphathekayo kwiiPOs. Asiyonto yokuhamba; kuthintela ivalve ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo.
Emva koko kukho ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zenkonzo enzima. Sisebenze kwiprojekthi efuna iialloys ezisekwe kwi-nickel ukuze kufakwe irhasi emuncu. Ukuphoswa ngokwako yayisisiqingatha sedabi. Umjikelo wonyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa ukuze kufumaneke ukuxhathisa okuyimfuneko kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo yayingumdaniso ocekethekileyo. Ngokukhawuleza, ubeka umngcipheko wokuqhekeka; ucotha kakhulu, ufumana imvula engafunekiyo. Ulawulo lweziko le-Foundry kunye ne-QA yasemva kokuphosa iba yeyona nto iphambili. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, edwelisa ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based kuluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo, iyayiqonda le nto. Ayikokuba nengxubevange nje; imalunga nokuba nenkqubo elawulwayo yokuyinyanga. Ukusebenza kwabo ixesha elide, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwintshayelelo yabo, kucebisa olo lwazi luqokelelweyo lwenkqubo, eyona nto uyithenga ngokwenene.
Kwaye makhe sithethe ngokulungiswa kwe-weld. Zihlala ziyimfuneko, kodwa ziyiflegi ebomvu kwabanye abasebenzisi bokugqibela. Undoqo yinkqubo kunye namaxwebhu. Ukulungiswa okuncinci kwindawo engeyona nto ibalulekileyo emva kwe-WPS efanelekileyo yinto enye. Ukulungiswa okubanzi eludongeni olunoxinzelelo lolunye. Olona qheliselo lungcono kukuyila kunye nenkqubo yokunciphisa ukulungiswa, kodwa xa kusenzeka, ukulandeleka okugcweleyo akunakuxoxiswana. Isiseko esihle siya kuba naloo nkqubo imiliselwe.
Ukusuka kwi-Rugh Casting ukuya kwiCandelo eligqityiweyo: I-Machining Handoff
Apha kulapho iiprojekthi ezininzi zikhubeka. I-casting entle ifika kwivenkile yomatshini, kwaye abanakuseka i-datum ethembekileyo. Okanye bafumana indawo enzima eyonakalisa isixhobo. Ukudityaniswa kokuphosa kunye noomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye, okanye ubuncinci phantsi kolungelelwaniso oluqinileyo, kuyinzuzo enkulu. Usomashishini kufuneka aqonde ukutenxa okunokwenzeka kokuphosa, kwaye isiseko kufuneka siqonde ukuba yeyiphi imiphezulu ebalulekileyo ekulungisweni.
Ndibone ukuseta apho i-Foundry ibonelela ngeelugs okanye abaphathi ngokukodwa ukuba umachinist basebenzise njengeendawo zokubambelela, ezithi zisuswe kamva. Yintsebenziswano elula, eqaqambileyo. Xa i-molder kunye nomatshini bengamalungu ahlukeneyo, ukukhomba umnwe kuqala mzuzu i-dimension iphumile. Ngaba yayilutshintsho olungundoqo ngexesha lokuphosa, okanye ngaba inxalenye yayigxininisekile ngexesha lokubamba? Ngumdlalo obiza imali eninzi wabacuphi. Imodeli yokunikezela zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining, njengoko i-QSY isenza, iyayinciphisa le nto. Ingxelo yengxelo ingaphakathi. Iqela lomatshini lixelela iqela elikhuphayo malunga nodonga oluncinci olungaguqukiyo kwindawo ethile, kwaye iphethini inokulungelelaniswa kumdlalo olandelayo. Olo phuculo luqhubekayo kunzima ukulinganisa kwisicatshulwa kodwa luxabiseke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu yenye indawo yokubamba. Umphezulu we-as-cast ovela kubumba lweqokobhe unokuba ulungile kwezinye iipaseji zangaphakathi, kodwa umphezulu wokutywina uya kufuna umatshini. Ikhwelo kumzobo kufuneka libonise oku. Ukucacisa i-63 Ra kwi-as-cast surface yifantasy. Kufuneka ukwazi okuphunyezwayo kwinkqubo kwaye ucwangcise amanyathelo okuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgangatho: Ngaphezu kweSatifikethi
Wonke umntu ufuna i-MTR (iNgxelo yoVavanyo lwezinto) kunye nengxelo ye-hydrotest. Ziitafile zetafile. Umgangatho wokwenyani ukwinkqubo yolawulo ongaze uyibone. Ingaba ihambelana kangakanani i-chemistry yokunyibilika ukusuka kubushushu ukuya kubushushu? Zihlolwa njani iimbumba kunye neentsimbi ngaphambi kokuba zigalelwe? Yintoni inkqubo yovavanyo olungonakalisi (NDT)? Kubaluleke kakhulu iivalve castings, sasuka kwi-radiography yendawo engahleliwe ukuya kwi-100% ye-radiography yeendonga ezinoxinzelelo. Inyuse iindleko, kodwa yaphelisa umngcipheko wendlela evuzayo engabonwa. Sisigqibo sorhwebo esisekelwe kumngcipheko wesicelo.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho lirhamncwa lalo. Ukujonga imilinganiselo embalwa engundoqo ngeekhalipha akwanelanga kumzimba wevalvu entsonkothileyo. UHlolo lweNqaku lokuQala (FAI) ngeCMM ngokwesampulu luyimfuneko. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ujonga isampuli. Ukuhambelana kwenkqubo yokubumba yinto eqinisekisa ukuba yonke inxalenye ilungile. Oko kubuyela kubuchwephesha be-Foundry kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza. Ipatheni yeplate egugileyo iya kukhukuliseka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kancinci.
Ekugqibeleni, ukupakisha kunye nokuthunyelwa. Ivakala iyinto engenamsebenzi, kodwa i-ding kwi-flange yobuso obuvela ekupakishweni kakubi kunokwenza ukuba ukuphosa kungasebenziseki. I-crating eyiyo, ukubhloka, kunye nokukhuselwa komphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini kunye ne-as-cast, linyathelo lokugqibela, elihlala lingahoywa, lomgangatho. Isinxibo sobuchwephesha sifumana oku kulungile ngaphandle kokuxelelwa.
I-Real-World Cost Equation
Ixabiso ngekhilogram yindlela eyingozi yokuthelekisa iivalve zentsimbi engenasici. Okona kugalelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi kudla ngokuba lelona candelo libiza kakhulu xa usenza i-machining scrap, ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Ixabiso likwizinga lesivuno, ukuhambelana kwedimensional, kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa. I-Foundry ebuza imibuzo eneenkcukacha malunga nesicelo yenye ecinga malunga nendlela yokwenza inxalenye isebenze, ingabikho nje.
Umthamo ophantsi, imisebenzi exubene kakhulu luvavanyo lokwenyani. Ukumisela ukuqhubela phambili kwamaqumrhu angama-50 akhethekileyo ahlukileyo kumyalelo wokuvelisa we-5000. Iindleko zepateni, ubunjineli bebhokisi engundoqo, uphuhliso lwenkqubo-ezi zihlanjululwe kwiindawo ezimbalwa. Apha kulapho ukuguquguquka kwe-Foundry kunye nokuzimisela ukusebenzisana kwizisombululo kuhlawulela. Ayikokuba nelona ziko likhulu; imalunga nokuba nengqondo efanelekileyo yomsebenzi onzima, ophantsi.
Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo yokwenziwa kweevalvu zentsimbi engenastainless yehla kwintsebenziswano. Yingxoxo phakathi komyili, umyili, kunye nengcibi. Injongo kukuguqulela imfuno esebenzayo kwijometri eyomeleleyo, enokwenziwa, kwi-alloy echanekileyo, kunye nendlela enokuxelwa kwangaphambili kunye necacileyo ukuya kwinqanaba eligqityiweyo, elithembekileyo. Imoshakele, iyaphindaphindeka, kwaye izele kukulalanisa. Kodwa xa ulungile, oko kungazicingeli, ukuphosa okujongeka rhabaxa kuba yintliziyo yesivalo esisebenza amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwengcinga yesibini. Eso sisiphelo sokwenyani esibalulekileyo.
