Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'iziqhoboshi ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy', bacinga ngeebholithi zokuqina eziphezulu ze-jet injini okanye inqwelo yomdyarho. Leyo yinxalenye yalo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kukwalapho umbono omkhulu wokuqala ongalunganga ulele khona. Ayikokuphela nje kokuqina kokugqibela. Imalunga nemeko-bume esilela kuyo. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu apho iqela lafumana ibholiti ye-nickel yealloy ephezulu ukuze kuxhathiswe ukugqwala, kuphela ukuba ibe nenyongo kwaye ibambe ngexesha lofakelo kuba beyityeshele into yokurhabula. iziqhoboshi ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy kwizicelo ze-high-clamp force. Eli phepha lathi 'ayikwazi ku- mhlwa,' yaye bayeka ukufunda apho. Umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala emva kokuba ukhethe isiseko semathiriyeli.
Eyona nto ikhethekileyo kwi-alloy ayingomlingo
Masithethe malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza ialloyi ibe 'ikhethekileyo' kwiziqhoboshi. Kuqhelekile ukongezwa kwezinto ezifana ne-nickel, i-cobalt, i-molybdenum, okanye i-chromium kwiipesenti ezibalulekileyo ukufikelela kwiprofayile yepropathi ethile. Cinga i-Inconel 718, i-Hastelloy C-276, okanye i-MP35N. Kodwa nantsi into yokubambisa okusebenzayo: ezi ngxubevange ziyaziwa ngokuba nzima ukwenza umatshini. Amazinga abo obunzima bomsebenzi agqithisile. Ukuba iiparamitha zakho zoomatshini zicinywe kancinci-isantya sokutya sicotha kakhulu, umzekelo-awusayi kusika imathiriyeli, uqinisa umphezulu wayo ngomphetho wesixhobo, okukhokelela ekunxityweni kwesixhobo esikhawulezileyo kunye neziphene ezinokubakho kwi-fastener. Le asiyothiyori. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba ngebhetshi yeWaspaloy studs. Imisonto yayijongeka igqibelele emva komatshini, kodwa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, sifumene i-micro-cracks eqala kwiingcambu zentambo. Unobangela? Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kusetyenziso olumandla olugqithileyo olungakhange luthotywe ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo. Iipropati 'ezizodwa' zengxubevange ziye zandisa ingxaki.
Kulapho ukusebenzisana ne-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini enamashumi eminyaka yokoqobo kwimicimbi yomdlalo. Ndicinga ngomthengisi esisebenze naye, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Imvelaphi yabo kutyalo-mali kunye nokubumba iqokobhe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, ngakumbi nge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys, ibanika imvakalelo esisiseko yendlela ezi zixhobo ziziphatha ngayo ukusuka kwimeko yolwelo ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo. Akunjalo nje ngokuqhuba inkqubo ye-CNC. Kumalunga nokwazi ukuba i-nickel alloy ethile idinga ubushushu obuthile bokudlula ngexesha lomatshini okanye iya kuphazamisa. Awunako ukutsala olo lwazi kwi-standard machining handbook. Unokufumana okungakumbi kwindlela yabo kwindawo yabo, tsngtaocnc.com. Yile ndlela yokuqonda inqanaba lenkqubo eyahlula i-fastener esebenzayo ukusuka ethembekileyo.
Enye i-nuance yonyango lobushushu. Kwiintsimbi ezininzi ezingenasici, unokucima okuthe ngqo kunye nomsindo. Nge-precipitation-harding nickel alloys, umjikelo wokuguga yinto yonke. Ixesha kunye nobushushu kufuneka zilawulwe ukuya kumzuzu ukuze ufumane ibhalansi elungileyo yamandla kunye ne-ductility. Ndikhumbula imeko apho umxhasi wakhalaza ngokuqhekeka kwe-Inconel 718 iibholiti zabo. Bazifumene kwi-AMS efanelekileyo. Ekuphandeni, safumanisa ukuba babebadala kwiqondo lobushushu elichanekileyo, kodwa umthwalo we-oveni wawuxinene kakhulu, ubangela ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo kunye nokusasazeka kweempawu zoomatshini kwibhetshi. Ezo zasilelayo zazisuka kwiindawo ezipholileyo eziko. I-alloy 'ekhethekileyo' yehliswa yinkqubo yoshishino eqhelekileyo eyenziwa ngaphandle kokhathalelo olwaneleyo.
Amanqaku Okusilela Awuboni Ukuza
Umhlwa ligama elibanzi. Nge iziqhoboshi ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy, sihlala sijongana ne-pitting, i-crevice corrosion, okanye i-stress corrosion cracking (SCC) kwimidiya ethile. Isiqhoboshi sinokuba sigqibelele kwimekobume yerhasi emuncu (i-H2S ukumelana) kodwa siya kusilela ngokwentlekele ukusuka kwi-Chloride-induced SCC kwindawo eselunxwemeni. Ukukhetha akukhona nje ukubola okanye akunjalo. Imalunga ngqo nesuphu yeekhemikhali ehleli kuyo, kubandakanywa nezinto zomkhondo. Sakha sasebenzisa iziqhoboshi ze-titanium alloy kwisicelo samanzi olwandle, aqaqambayo xa kuthotywa umhlwa jikelele. Kodwa inkqubo yayineempawu zemethanol njenge-hydrate inhibitor. Ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba athile oxinzelelo, oku kwazisa umngcipheko we-methanol-induced SCC, imowudi yokusilela hayi kwi-radar yethu yasekuqaleni. Kwafuneka sibuyele umva kwaye sitshintshele kwi-high-grade duplex steel stainless steel.
Emva koko kukho i-galvanic corrosion. Ukubhanqa isidwangube i-alloy fastener ekhethekileyo njenge-cobalt-based one-aluminium okanye i-carbon steel structure icela ingxaki. Uncama ubume besiseko. Isibophelelo siya kuba sicocekile ngelixa sitya izinto ezisingqongileyo. Isisombululo asisoloko sisiqhoboshi esahlukileyo; ngamanye amaxesha malunga nokuzahlula kunye neewasha ezithile okanye iingubo, kodwa ezo zogquma ngokwazo kufuneka zihambelane kwaye zingazisi iingozi ze-hydrogen embrittlement. Luthotho lokuxhomekeka.
Ufakelo luyindawo yalo yomgodi. Amandla aphezulu ezi zibophelelo zihlala zithetha itorque ephezulu efunekayo. Ukuphumeza loo mandla okubambisa ngaphandle kokujija intloko okanye ukodlula indawo yesivuno senxalenye yokukhwelana kufuna ukuchaneka. Ukuthambisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-lubricant engalunganga kunokonakalisa inkqubo kwi-aerospace okanye kwi-application-grade-grade applications. Ukungasebenzisi namnye kunokukhokelela kwigalling endiyikhankanye ngaphambili. Senza umgangatho kwizinto ezithile, eziqinisekisiweyo ezichasene nokubamba iikhompawundi kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy, kwaye elo nyathelo lilula liphelise malunga ne-80% yemiba yethu yokufakela intsimi.
Xa Casting Dibana Precision Machining
Esi sisiphambuka esinomdla. Kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo zokuqinisa-cinga i-nati enkulu, emile ngendlela engaqhelekanga yokutshixa i-turbine casing, okanye isiqhoboshi esineepaseji ezidityanisiweyo zolwelo-utyalo-mali lotyalo-mali lunokuba sisiqalo sokwenza okanye ukwenza oomatshini ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha. Ufumana kufutshane ne-net-shape, ethi icuthe isixa se-alloy ebiza kakhulu oyifunayo ukuyisusa ngomatshini. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, egxininise kabini kwiqokobhe / utyalo-mali kunye nomatshini we-CNC, imiselwe olu hlobo lokwenziwa kwemveliso edibeneyo.
Inzuzo kukuhamba kwezinto eziziinkozo. Inxalenye eyenziwe ngoomatshini inqumla kwisakhiwo seenkozo. Ukuphosa ngobunjineli ngokufanelekileyo, kulandelwa ngumjikelo wokucinezela kwe-isostatic (HIP) ukuphelisa i-porosity yangaphakathi, inokuba nesakhiwo esine-homogeneous kwiimilo ezinzima. Emva koko, izinto ezibalulekileyo ezithwala imithwalo-imicu, iindawo ezithwalayo, i-radii ephantsi kwentloko-zichaneke zichaneke ngaphakathi kwindlu. Oku kulawula lonke ikhonkco lexabiso. Umngcipheko wokufumana i-casting kumthengisi omnye, ukuyithumela kwivenkile yomatshini engaqhelananga nesakhiwo sayo se-dendritic kunye nemeko yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, iphezulu. Ukuqhekeka ngexesha lokwenziwa komatshini kuqhelekile, kwaye kuyabiza, umphumo.
Ndikhumbula ndivavanya iphoseji enkulu ye-Monel K500 kunye nebholithi yeflange eyenziwe ngomatshini ukulungiselela ukudibanisa elwandle. Iisampulu zokuqala ukusuka kwikhonkco lonikezelo elidityanisiweyo aziphumelelanga kutshintsho lwentambo. Uhlalutyo olungaphumeleliyo lwalatha kwi-micro-shrinkage porosity ukusuka kwi-casting engazange ivalwe ngokupheleleyo yi-HIP, eyathi emva koko yasebenza njenge-concentrator yoxinzelelo ngexesha lokuthunga. Ukudibanisa inkqubo kunye nomnikezeli womthombo omnye olawula zombini ingqibelelo yokuphosa kunye neeparitha zokugqibela zokuyilungisa. Baye bahlengahlengisa inkqubo yokungena kwi-mold yokuphosa kwaye balungiselela kwangaphambili indawo engenanto phambi komjikelo wokugqibela we-HIP, emva koko bagqiba imicu. Umahluko wawubusuku nemini.
Iindleko vs. Ukuthembeka: Ubalo lokwenyani
Akukho ngxoxo malunga iziqhoboshi ezikhethekileyo ze-alloy igqityiwe ngaphandle kweendleko zokuthetha. Ibholidi enye ye-Inconel inokubiza amaxesha angama-50-100 ngaphezulu kweBanga lesi-8 lentsimbi. Ithuku kukubona apho unokuxabisa khona ubunjineli. Apha kulapho amava akhwaza ukuba ulumke. Ukutshintsha i-alloy ye-low-grade okanye ukwamkela ukunyamezela okubanzi ukugcina i-15% kwinqanaba lingaphinda-phinda umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli, iindleko zayo ziquka ixesha lokunciphisa, umonakalo owenziweyo, kunye noxanduva.
Ubalo luyatshintsha ukusuka kwisiqwenga sexabiso ukuya kwixabiso lilonke lobunini. Kwi-subsea yeoli kunye negesi yeKrisimesi umthi, ukusilela kwe-fastener ayingomba wolondolozo; yintlekele yokusingqongileyo enokwenzeka kunye nokuvalwa kwemveliso kuxabisa izigidi ngosuku. Apha, ukuthembeka okwenzelwe i-fastener ngokukhethwa kwezinto ngobuchule, ukwenziwa okulawulwayo, kunye novavanyo olungqongqo (njengovavanyo lwe-ASTM F606 yeepropathi zoomatshini kunye ne-NACE MR0175 yokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-sulfide) sisiphakamiso sexabiso lilonke. Yipolisi ye-inshurensi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, isisombululo asiyiyo i-alloy engaqhelekanga. Sasinesicelo sobushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-650 ° C) apho uyilo lokuqala lubiza i-cobalt-based superalloy ebiza kakhulu. Ngokuphinda sijonge uyilo, siye saqonda ukuba sinokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-fastener ngokuguqula uyilo lweflange kancinci. Oku kusivumele ukuba sehlisele kwi-alloy ye-nickel-chromium eqhelekileyo kodwa esakwaziyo, ukonga iindleko ezinkulu ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ubomi boyilo lweminyaka engama-20. Undoqo ibikukuzibandakanya ne-fastener kunye nobuchule bemathiriyeli kwangethuba kwisigaba soyilo, hayi njengokucinga emva kokuthenga.
I-Takeaway: Yinkqubo, hayi icandelo
Ke, ithini inqaku layo yonke le nto? A i-alloy fastener ekhethekileyo ayisonto nje yorhwebo oyitsalayo kwikhathalogu. Licandelo lenkqubo elenziwe ngobunjineli kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwayo ngumsebenzi we-metallurgy, inkqubo yenkqubo yokuvelisa (nokuba ivela kumthengisi odibeneyo onjenge-QSY okanye iqela elilungelelanisiweyo), inkqubo yokufakela, kunye nendawo ethile yokusebenza. Ukungahoyi nayiphi na enye kula makhonkco sisimemo sokusilela.
Ishishini liqhubela phambili ekulandeleleni ngakumbi kunye namaxwebhu. Akusenelanga ukuba nesiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo. Abathengi bafuna ukulandelelwa kwebhetshi epheleleyo, iirekhodi zenkqubo yomatshini, kunye neetshathi zokuphatha ubushushu. Eli nqanaba lolawulo liba ngumgangatho wezicelo ezibalulekileyo. Ikutyhalela kubaboneleli abaneenkqubo kunye noqeqesho lokubonelela ngayo, hayi izixhobo zoomatshini kuphela.
Ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza ngezi zixhobo kukufundisa intlonipho. Abayombumbulu yesilivere. Zizizixhobo ezithi, xa ziqondwa kwaye zisetyenziswe ngokuqonda okunzulu ngezinto eziyimfuneko kunye neemfuno zazo, zenza ukuba itekhnoloji isebenze kwiindawo ebingenakukwazi ukusebenza kuzo — ngaphakathi kwijethi yejethi, emazantsi olwandle, okanye kwiplanti yemichiza eyonakalisayo. Elona xabiso lokwenyani. I-fastener ngokwayo yimbonakaliso ebonakalayo yolwazi oluninzi olukhethekileyo kunye nenkqubo elawulwayo.
