Xa usiva 'isiseko sesanti estainless steel,' iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwindawo enkulu, erhabaxa yoomatshini abanzima. Yinyani leyo, kodwa ikwayeyona nto ilula kakhulu emsebenzini. Ibali lokwenyani alikho malunga nokugalela isinyithi kwisixokelelwano sesanti; imalunga nokulawula idabi phakathi kwe-fluid dynamics, metallurgy, kunye nokungaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo kwesanti. Isithembiso senxalenye enzima, enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion ihlala iphikisana nenyani ye-shrinkage porosity, imingcele yokugqiba umphezulu, kunye nomlo ongunaphakade wokulwa nokubandakanywa. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusiza olulungele utyalo-mali kodwa iphupha elibi lesanti, ngenxa yokuba iyantlukwano ayiqondwa ngaphambili.
Isanti ngokwaYo yiNkqubo
Iqala ngokungunda, ngokucacileyo. Kodwa isanti eluhlaza xa ithelekiswa nentlabathi enentlaka ebotshiweyo ayilokhetho nje; kukuzibophelela kuluhlu olwahlukileyo lweengxaki. Sisebenzisa i-furan eninzi yokungabhaki kumsebenzi wethu ongenasici evenkileni. Uzinzo lwe-dimensional lungcono kumacandelo amakhulu, anzima esihlala sijongana nawo, njengezindlu zempompo okanye imizimba yevalvu. Kodwa ukurhweba kukukhupha igesi. Ukuba ukungena komoya kwindawo efumaneka kuyo akuyondawo, okanye ukuba umxube wesanti ucinywe ngeqhezu, uya kufumana i-pinholing kwindawo yokuphosa ebonakala ilungile emva kokushukunyiswa kodwa ibonakala njengeziphene ngexesha lomatshini. Kukusilela okulibazisekileyo, olona hlobo lubi.
Emva koko kukho ukuziphatha kwe-thermal yesanti. I-stainless, ngakumbi i-300 series efana ne-304 okanye i-316, igalela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye inoluhlu olude lokuqina. Isanti kufuneka imelane nobo bushushu ngaphandle kokwaphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibangele ukhukuliseko, kodwa ngaphandle kokuqina kangangokuba ithintele ukucutheka kwaye ikhokelele ekukrazukeni okushushu. Sisenzo sokulinganisa. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi ye-CF8M (316 elinganayo) iivalvu zesango esasiziqhuba. Ukubaleka kokuqala kwakuneenyembezi ezishushu ezingaguqukiyo kwindawo ekudityaniswa kuyo i-flange kunye nomzimba. Asiyilandeli ngasemva hayi kwipatheni okanye kwisango lokungena, kodwa kumlinganiselo wesanti wokubango uphezulu kakhulu. Isanti ilahlekelwe kukunganyangeki kwayo kwantlandlolo kwaye ibikhupha ubushushu ngokungalinganiyo kakhulu. Umxube wesanti esitsha uwulungisile. Kolu nxibelelwano lwenqanaba lezinto ozifunda kuphela ngokutshisa nge-scrap.
Kwaye ukuhlangulwa lilo lawo. Awunakukwazi ukuqhubeka nokurisayikilisha isanti ngokungenasiphelo ukwenzela ukuchaneka komsebenzi ongenayo intsimbi. Izohlwayo zakha, i-binder chemistry iyancipha, kwaye uqala ukuthabatha i-silicate inclusions kwintsimbi. Sinomgaqo ongqongqo wokuvavanya i-LOI (iLass on Ignition) kunye nohlalutyo lwesikrini. Ukuvumela eso silayidi yindlela ekhawulezayo ukuya kumgangatho ongangqinelaniyo. Ayisingomsebenzi oncumisayo, ukubeka esweni isanti imini yonke, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwimfezeko yokugqibela yokuphosa ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into.
Ukugada, uKutyisa, kunye nedabi lokucutheka
Wonke umntu uthetha ngesoftware yokulinganisa ngoku, kwaye siyayisebenzisa. Kodwa kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo zokuphosa esantini, sisikhokelo, hayi ivangeli. Isoftware inokukubonisa inkqubo yokunyuka kwesandi se-thermal, kodwa ayinakuphendula ngokupheleleyo malunga nendlela ulwakhiwo lwe-austenitic yentsimbi engenasici. Ifuna ukwenza ulusu oluluqilima, olubambeneyo kwangoko, olunokuthi lube nokwahlula isinyithi elulwelo ngaphakathi kwaye yenze nzima ukushwabana kwe-porosity embindini wecandelo elishinyeneyo. Impazamo yakudala kukugcina nje ukongeza izinyusi ezinkulu. Oko kuhlala kudala indawo eshushu kwaye ihambisa umngxuma wokushwabana ujikeleze.
Ubuqhetseba, obufundwa kwizinto ezininzi ezigalelwe, ezicandiweyo, zihlala zibanda. Ukugodola kwentsimbi kwangaphandle ngoyena mhlobo wakho wokwenene wokukhuthaza ukuqina komkhombandlela kwindawo engenabala ukugalela isanti. Siza kuzibeka ngobuchule kubaphathi abanzima okanye iiflange ukutsala ubushushu buphume ngokukhawuleza, ukunyanzela umphambili wokuqina ubuyele umva ukuya kwisikhuphukeli. Kodwa kufuneka uchaneke. Ukuba ingqele inzima kakhulu okanye yenza umfowunelwa osondele kakhulu, inokubangela iintanda eziqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo okanye utshintsho olumandla kwi-microstructure kuloo ndawo. Bubuchule obubambekayo-ukwazi ubungakanani obufanelekileyo kunye nokubekwa kuvela ekwehliseni iintsilelo zakho kunye nokubona kanye apho inethiwekhi yokucutheka yenziwe khona.
Uyilo lwesango lomnye ummandla apho ithiyori idibana nomgangatho wevenkile. Ufuna inkqubo egcwalisa ukungunda ngokukhawuleza kunye nesiphithiphithi ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda i-mistruns, kodwa ingabi nasiphithiphithi kangangokuba ibambe i-slag okanye ikhukulise ukungunda kwesanti. Kwi-stainless, enomkhwa wokwenza ii-oxides, sihlala sisebenzisa izihluzi ze-ceramic kwindlela yokungena. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ukubekwa kubalulekile. Isihluzo esisondele kakhulu kwisango sinokupholisa isinyithi kakhulu; kude kakhulu, kwaye ayisebenzi. Siye sabeka emgangathweni kwibar yembaleki enyathelweyo, enetapered enomkhono wokucoca uninzi lwamalungu ethu amakhulu. Yayingaveli kwincwadi yesikhokelo; yaba sisiphumo sokuphindaphinda kuthotho lwee-castings zomxhasi wezinto zombane zaselwandle ezihlala zisilela kuhlolo lweradiyographic.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli Ngaphaya kwe-304 kunye ne-316
Uninzi lwemibuzo ye304 okanye 316. Sisonka nebhotolo eso. Kodwa imiceli mngeni yokwenene kunye nomsebenzi onomdla uza kunye namabakala amabini afana ne-2205, okanye izinto eziphezulu ze-alloy. Duplex steel stainless yokugalela isanti sisilwanyana esahlukileyo. Ifuna izinga lokupholisa elilawulwa kakhulu ukugcina ukuba malunga ne-50/50 ibhalansi yesigaba se-austenite-ferrite. Yipholise ngokucothayo kakhulu kwiqondo lobushushu elithululwayo, kwaye ufumana i-ferrite eninzi, ebeka esichengeni ukuxhathisa umhlwa kunye nokuqina. Kwafuneka siphuhlise iprothokholi ethile yokupholisa iseti yeentloko zeenqanawa zoxinzelelo ezingama-2205, ezibandakanya amaxesha alawulwayo wokushukuma kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nditsho nokupholisa umoya ngenkani kumphezulu wokuphosa ngelixa wawusekubumbeni. Ukunyangwa kobushushu emva koko kubalulekile, kodwa isiseko sibekwe ngexesha lokuqina kunye nokupholisa esantini.
Emva koko kukho ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo. Senze umsebenzi ngeealloyi ezisekwe kwinickel eziwela phantsi kweambrela engatyiwayo yokumelana nomhlwa. Ezi zivame ukugalelwa kwi-vacuum okanye phantsi kwe-atmosphere yokukhusela, kodwa kwezinye izicelo, ukuchithwa kwesanti elawulwa kakuhle kucacisiwe. I-fluidity iyahluka, izinto ezinciphayo ziyahluka, kwaye ukusabela kunye nezixhobo zokubumba kubonakala ngakumbi. Kukunyanzela ukuba ubuyele kwimigaqo yokuqala. Awunakuthembela kwiinkqubo zakho eziqhelekileyo. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.(QSY), ngamava abo achaziweyo kwii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, baya kukuqonda oku ngokunzulu. Ayiloshishini elisecaleni; luqeqesho olwahluke ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi isiseko. Imbali yabo ende, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwindawo yabo tsngtaocnc.com, ekuphatheni i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based alloys iya kuba yi-asethi ngokuthe ngqo xa ujongene neeprojekthi ezinjalo kwisanti, kungekhona nje kwi-investment casting.
Apha kulapho imodeli edibeneyo ye-a isiseko ngomatshini wangaphakathi, njengokuseta kwe-QSY, yenza ingqiqo enkulu. Uphosa indawo ecela umngeni kwisanti. Kuphantse ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana yonke imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo elungeleleneyo. Ukuba neqela lobuchwephesha kwiluphu enye, ukuqonda ukugqwethwa okunokwenzeka kokusa kunye nezibonelelo zesitokhwe, kubaluleke kakhulu. Banokubonelela ngengxelo kwiqela labasunguli apho banokongeza khona isitokhwe esongezelelweyo okanye apho kukho isiphene esihlala sikhona. Ivala iluphu esemgangathweni ngendlela eyahlulahlulayo ukuphosa kunye neevenkile zoomatshini ezisokolayo ukufikelela kuzo.
Umgca wokuGqibela siSiqalo nje
I-Shakeout kunye ne-cutoff kulapho ixhala likhula khona. Ulinde iiyure ukuba umboniso uphole, kwaye ngoku uyayibona. Into yokuqala esiyenzayo ayilojongo; yinto ebonwayo neviwayo. Iringi ecacileyo, ebukhali evela kwimpompo yesando ekhanyayo luphawu olulungileyo lwesandi. Isithonga esithe cwaka siseta iintsimbi ze-alam zokuncipha kwangaphakathi. Emva koko kuza ukugaya. I-stainless umsebenzi-inzima, ngoko ke amasango okusila kunye nokunyuka yinkqubo enonyameko. Udinga izixhobo ezibukhali, ezizinikeleyo kunye nokubamba ukukhanya ukunqanda ukushumeka ungcoliseko okanye ukwenza iindawo ezichaphazeleke bubushushu ezingenakususwa kamva.
Unyango lobushushu alunakuxoxisana kuninzi lokugalelwa kwesanti engenastainless. Kwi-austenitics, sisisombululo se-anneal kunye nokucima ukunyibilikisa kwakhona i-carbides kunye nokubuyisela ukuxhathisa ukubola. Kodwa ukucima kubalulekile. Ukucinywa kwamanzi kuyakhawuleza kwaye kuyasebenza kodwa kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka okanye ukuqhekeka kwiimilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kumacandelo atyebileyo okanye uyilo oluntsonkothileyo, sihlala sikhetha ukucima umoya ngenkani okanye ukucinywa kwepolymer. Iyacotha, kodwa inciphisa uxinzelelo. Uhlala uvavanya umngcipheko wokugqwetheka ngokuchasene nomngcipheko wokusebenza kakubi komhlwa. Isicelo somthengi sichaza ukhetho.
Ekugqibeleni, ubungqina kuvavanyo. Kwiindawo zenkonzo ezibalulekileyo, senza i-PMI (i-Positive Material Identification), uvavanyo lokungena kwamanzi, kwaye rhoqo ngeradiography. Lo ngumgwebi wokugqibela wazo zonke izigqibo zakho zenkqubo kwi intsimbi yokugalela isanti inkqubo. I-radiograph ecocekileyo kumzimba we-valve yecandelo elinzima luloyiso oluncinci. Kuthetha ukuba isanti yayilungile, isango lasebenza, iingqele zabekwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye intsimbi yayicocekile. Ayifane yenzeke ngengozi. Kusisiphumo sokulawula iinguqu ezilikhulu, uninzi lwazo ezingabonakaliyo de kube ngumzuzu owugalelayo, kwaye ezinye zazo zityhila kuphela kwiintsuku kamva kwingxelo yovavanyo.
Isizathu Sokuba Kusabalulekile
Kwiminyaka yotyalo-mali oluphambili kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D, ubukhulu intsimbi yokugalela isanti ihlala ingenakuthathelwa indawo izinto ezithile. Ubungakanani obukhulu obunamandla-amacandelo anobunzima beetoni ezininzi-enye. Kodwa ngobuqili ngakumbi, kukuguquguquka. Ipateni inokuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi xa ithelekiswa nezixhobo ezinzima. Ngomthamo osezantsi ukuya-phakathi obalekayo wamalungu amakhulu, okanye kwiiprototypes apho kufuneka uvavanye i-metallurgy yokwenyani kunye nobunzima bemveliso yokugqibela, ukuphosa isanti lolona khetho lusebenzayo.
Ikamva, ndicinga ukuba, lilele ekudibaniseni le nkqubo yesikolo esidala kunye nolawulo lwesikolo esitsha. Izongezo zesanti ezingcono, ukujonga ubushushu bexesha lokwenyani ngexesha lokugalelwa, kunye novavanyo oluntsonkothileyo olungonakalisi. Injongo asikokuyenza ibukeke njengenkqubo eyahlukileyo; kukwenza ukugaywa kwesanti kuqikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye kuthembeke ngokweyalo imiqathango. Umceli mngeni ongundoqo-ukuthambisa isinyithi esilulwelo kwimold ehlanganisiweyo-uya kuhlala ukho. Bubuchule bayo obo.
Ngoko xa ujonge a insimbi engenasici kwisanti yokugalela isiseko, musa ukujonga nje uluhlu lwazo. Babuze ngedatha yabo yolawulo lwesanti. Cela ukubona iisampulu ezidwelisiweyo ezinkulu zamacandelo anzima. Buza ukuba bakuphatha njani ukupholisa kwamabanga aphindwe kabini. Iimpendulo ziya kukuxelela ngakumbi malunga nobuchule babo kunayo nayiphi na incwadana. Yinkqubo emdaka, entsonkothileyo, kwaye enzulu ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye ezona venkile zingcono zamkela obo bunzima kunokuba zenze ngathi azikho.
