Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'intsimbi engatyiwayo,' baba nomfanekiso wesinki yasekhitshini emenyezelayo, engenakonakala. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Ngokwenyani, lusapho lweealloyi, kwaye ukukhetha ibakala elingalunganga kwisicelo yimpazamo ebiza kakhulu endiyibonileyo amaxesha amaninzi. Ayikokuchasa umhlwa nje; imalunga ne-machinability, weldability, kunye nendlela eziphatha ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo okanye ubushushu. Masithethe ngento engasoloko ikuxelela ii-spec sheet.
I-alloy ayilona ibali lonke
Thatha ama-304 kunye nama-316, amahashe okusebenzela. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i-316 ine-molybdenum yokumelana nokugoba okungcono kwiikloridi. Kodwa kumgangatho wevenkile, intloko enkulu ene-316 kukuthambekela kwayo ekusebenzeni nzima njengokuphambana ngexesha. CNC Machining. Ucinga ukuba ufumene ukutya kwakho kunye nezantya ezidayiweyo, kwaye ngequbuliso isixhobo siyakhala, ukugqitywa komphezulu kuya esihogweni, kwaye ushiyeke unobunzima obuqinileyo, i-gummy mess. Ifuna intlonipho kunye nezixhobo ezibukhali, ngaphezulu kwe-304. Kwinkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ephethe yonke into ukusuka ekugaleleni ukuya kumatshini wokugqibela, ayisiyomfundo le. Kuthetha ukucwangcisa yonke inkqubo yetsheyini-ukuqala ngesakhiwo sokugalela ukutya okuziinkozo-malunga nendlela izinto eziza kunqunyulwa ngayo kamva.
Ke kukho ibakala le-free-machining, 303. Ifakwe isulfure, ngoko itshiphuke kakuhle. Kodwa kwaloo sulphur inye iyayibulala ukuxhathisa kwayo ekudlekeni kunye nokuwelda. Ndakhe ndabona ibhetshi yemizimba yevalvu engama-303, eyenziwe ngoomatshini ngokugqibeleleyo, ingaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha kwindawo enomhlwa ngenxa yokuba umntu ecingelwa ukuba akanabala. Umxhasi wayedinga i-316, kodwa i-303 yayingabizi kwaye kulula ukuyitshintsha. Oko kugcinwa kwexesha elifutshane kuxabisa intywenka yemali ekutshintsheni nasekudumeni. Ngumgibe oqhelekileyo.
I-nuance yokwenyani iza namanqanaba okuqina kwemvula efana ne-17-4 PH. Uyimatshini kwiMeko A enesisombululo, ethambileyo. Emva koko uyayifudumeza-yiphathe kwi-H900 okanye i-H1150 ukuze ufumane loo mandla amangalisayo. Kodwa ukuba ulandelelwano lwakho lobuchwephesha alubangeli nguquko yedimensional ngexesha lokunyangwa kobushushu bokugqibela-kwaye iya kutshintsha-indawo yakho yokunyamezela i-aerospace bracket iba sisitshixo. Ngumdaniso phakathi komatshini kunye ne-metallurgist.
Ukuyiphosa ekunene: Ngaphezu kokugalela nje isinyithi
Kulapho kubekwa khona isiseko. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali iyamangalisa xa inzima intsimbi engenasici iindawo, kodwa usathana kwiinkcukacha. Uyilo lwesango kunye nesikhuphukeli lubalulekile. I-stainless ine-pattern yokunciphisa eyahlukileyo kune-carbon steel. Ukuba usebenzisa inkqubo yokutya efanayo, uya kufumana i-shrinkage porosity kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Sifunde oku kwangoko kwi-QSY. Ukuphoswa kwezindlu zempompo kugcinwe ukusilela kuvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ijometri yayisandi, iicerts zealloy zazigqibelele. Ingxaki yayikukunyuka yayincinci kakhulu kwaye ikwindawo engalunganga, ilambile ukuphosa njengoko iqina. Ukuyila ngokutsha inkqubo yokutya kusonjululwe. Yayingekokusilela kwezinto eziphathekayo; ibikukusilela kwenkqubo.
Ukubunjwa kweqokobhe lokungunda kwe-stainless yazisa enye into eguquguqukayo: ukusabela kwesinyithi-nokungunda. Ii-alloys ezithile, ngakumbi ezo zinechromium ephezulu, zinokwenza umaleko oqinileyo, oqinileyo wokutshisa apho isinyithi sidibana neqokobhe leceramic. Oku ayisosikali onokuthi uqhume nje; yibhondi yesinyithi. Ukuba inzima kakhulu, iwonakalisa umphezulu kwaye ifuna isibonelelo esigqithisiweyo sesitokhwe somatshini, ukuvuthela iindleko. Ubuqhetseba bukwingubo yobuso bokubumba-umgubo othile we-zircon okanye i-refractory esetyenzisiweyo-kunye nobushushu bokuthulula. Izidanga ezimbalwa ezishushu kakhulu, kwaye uzithengela iintsuku zomsebenzi owongezelelweyo wokusila.
Kwaye masingalibali ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ze-QSY ezikhankanyiweyo, njenge-nickel-based based. Amaxesha amaninzi, awupheleli nje ekujuleni ibala; uphosa i-Inconel okanye i-Hastelloy ecaleni kwayo. Iindlela zokutshisa iziko kufuneka zingabinasiphako ukuthintela ukungcoliseka. Umkhondo we-carbon steel residue kwi-ladle unokwazisa i-iron carbides kwi-superalloy melt, ukuphazamisa iimpawu zayo eziphezulu zokushisa. Ulungiselelo lwezixhobo kwisiseko sezinto ezininzi lubaluleke njengolwesinyithi.
Ubunyani boMachining: Incoko, Ubushushu, kunye noBomi besixhobo
Ukuvela kwi-casting, isitokhwe somatshini asifane sifane. Unokuba nomphezulu ogqabhuke isanti oneepokotho zesikali esinzima. Ipasi lakho lokuqala elirhabaxa kufuneka libe ndlongondlongo ngokwaneleyo ukuze ungene phantsi kolu maleko ungahambelaniyo kodwa uzinze ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungasothuki isixhobo. Ukuphoswa okukhulu, i-clamping kunye ne-fixturing ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka phantsi kwemikhosi yokusika yindlela yobugcisa. Awuyenzi ibhillet egqibeleleyo; ucoca indawo ekufutshane ne-net-shape enoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa.
Ukukhetha okupholileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Isipholisi senjongo jikelele sinokulungela i-aluminiyam okanye intsimbi ethambileyo, kodwa ngenxa intsimbi engenasici, udinga ukuthambisa okuphezulu. Injongo ayikokupholisa nje; kukunciphisa umphetho owakhelwe phezulu kwincam yesixhobo, engoyena nobangela wokungagqibeki kakuhle kunye nokunxitywa kwesixhobo esikhawulezileyo kwizinto zegummy. Siye satshintshela kumsebenzi othile onzima, into yokupholisa eyenziwe ngeklorini engena-chlorine kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye ubomi besixhobo kwimisebenzi yethu engama-316 bunyuke mhlawumbi ngama-30%. Yayibaluleke ngolo hlobo.
Emva koko kukho uxinzelelo lwasemva komatshini. Ukugaya kakhulu okanye ukujika kunokubangela uxinzelelo olungaphezulu oluthi, kwindawo yenkonzo enobungozi, ibe ziindawo zokuqalisa ukuqhekeka kwe-corrosion (SCC). Kwiindawo ezilungiselelwe izityalo zekhemikhali okanye ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle konxweme, ulwahlulo lokugqibela okanye isiqabu soxinzelelo lobushushu obuphantsi kunokuba yimfuneko. Akukho kumzobo oqhelekileyo, kodwa luhlobo lwenkqubo yolwazi olwahlula ivenkile yemisebenzi kwiqabane lokwenyani lemveliso.
Xa iStainless ayithethi ukuba ayinabala
Le yeyona ndawo inkulu yokufundisa abathengi. Ukugqithiswa kunyanzelekile. Ayiyo polish yokuzikhethela. Yinkqubo yeekhemikhali esusa amasuntswana entsimbi asimahla afakwe kumphezulu ukusuka kumatshini (cinga ngamasuntswana amancinane entsimbi yesixhobo ecinezelwe kwinxalenye) kwaye ityebise umaleko wechromium oxide. Ukuba uyatsiba, loo ndawo imenyezelayo iya kuvelisa amabala erusi kwindawo yokugcina impahla efumileyo, kwaye ifowuni iya kukhala nomthengi onomsindo. Kuye kwafuneka ndiyicacise le nto amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba ndikwazi ukubala.
Ukonakala kukwamalunga noyilo. Iintanda lutshaba. Iflange eyenziwe kakuhle ngoomatshini edibana nomnye umphezulu ngegasket inokudala umkrozo oqinileyo. Kweso sithuba siphelelwe yioksijini, nokuba i-316 inokonakala kwimingxuma. Isisombululo sinokuba lula njengokuchaza imathiriyeli ye-gasket eyahlukileyo okanye ubuso obubanzi beflange. Imalunga nokucinga intsimbi engenasici icandelo njengenxalenye yenkqubo, hayi iqhekeza elilodwa lesinyithi.
Kwaye ubushushu be-tint ukusuka kwi-welding. Loo mbala womnyama awumbi nje; yindawo apho ichromium iye yaphela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesichengeni sokudleka. Kwizicelo zococeko okanye zaselwandle, loo tint kufuneka isuswe, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokukhethwa kunye nokugqithisa. Umshiseli unokuvelisa i-TIG weld egqibeleleyo, kodwa ukuba igalelo lobushushu alilawulwanga kwaye icala elingasemva alicocwanga ngokufanelekileyo, wenze indawo yokusilela kwixesha elizayo. Ulawulo lomgangatho kufuneka lujonge ngaphaya kweX-reyi kwiziphene kwaye ujonge isinyithi esingaphezulu.
Ixabiso leNtsebenziswano epheleleyo
Kulapho imodeli yenkampani efana ne-QSY, eneminyaka engama-30 yokuphosa kunye nomatshini, iyavakala. Iingxaki endizichazileyo zezenkqubo. Isiphene sokuphosa sinokungabonakali kude kube kugqitywe ngomatshini, kumoshe lonke elo xabiso elongezelelweyo. Isicwangciso somatshini esingahoyi uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokusa kunokubangela ukugqwetheka. Ukuba nemigaqo yomibini phantsi kophahla olunye kuvumela iilophu zempendulo eziye zalahleka ngenye indlela xa ukhuphela ngaphandle kumthengisi omnye kunye nomatshini ukuya komnye.
Banokwenza isigqibo kwangethuba. Umzekelo, Eli candelo lejometri kwi-17-4 PH iya kuba liphupha elibi ukwenza umatshini ukusuka kwibhloko eqinileyo. Masiyibeke kwi-90% i-net shape, nangona ixabiso lezixhobo liphezulu, kuba ixabiso lilonke lobunini-inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo, ixesha lomatshini, ukunxitywa kwezixhobo-ziya kuba ngaphantsi. Lubizo lomgwebo oluzalwa ngokwenza amacala omabini enxaki.
Kwakhona kwakha intuition yezinto eziphathekayo. Iqela labo labasunguli liyazi ukuba ubushushu obuthile be-304 obusuka kuMboneleli A buthanda ukuba lulwelo ngakumbi kunoMboneleli B, obunokuchaphazela ukugcwaliswa komngundo. Iqela labo lomatshini liyazi ukuba isitokhwe sebha esivela kwi-Mill C sihlala sibonakala sinomlinganiselo onzima. Olu lwazi lucwangcisiweyo, oluqokelelwe kumashumi eminyaka, yinto oyithenga ngokwenene. Ayiloluhlu lwesakhono nje iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa kwaye CNC Machining; ngamava aqokelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha abuhlungu, okwenza ezo nkqubo zisebenze kunye kwizinto ezinzima. Nantso into ejika intsimbi engatyiwayo esuka kwimveliso ibe sisisombululo esinobunjineli.
