Lapho abantu abaningi bezwa inkampani yokuphonsa i-wax elahlekile, bafanekisela indawo emnyama, enothuli eyenza ama-trinkets. Lowo umbono oyiphutha wokuqala. Iqiniso liwubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, obuvame ukukhungathekisa, futhi inqubo ezuzisa kakhulu yokuguqula iphethini ye-wax entekenteke ibe ingxenye yensimbi eqinile, enobuqotho obuphezulu. Akukhona nje ukwenza izinto; imayelana nokuxazulula izinkinga zejiyomethri, impahla, kanye nezindleko ezinye izinqubo ezingakwazi ukuthinta.
I-Core Akuyona I-Wax, Igobolondo
Wonke umuntu ulungisa i-wax. Impela, iphethini ibalulekile, kodwa umlingo wangempela-futhi lapho izitolo eziningi zibonisa khona-isakhiwo segobolondo le-ceramic. Yilapho inkampani ithanda khona I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) izihlukanise. Akuwona umsebenzi we-dip-and-dunk. Kungumjikelezo olawulwayo, wezinsuku eziningi wokucwilisa iqoqo le-wax odongeni, ulinamathisele ngesihlabathi esiphikisayo, futhi ulomiswe. Phinda. Isikhombisa, isishiyagalombili, ngezinye izikhathi izikhathi eziyisishiyagalolunye. Ugqinsi, indawo yokomisa (umswakamo yisitha), ubumbudumbudu be-stucco—ungqimba ngalunye luyisinqumo esithinta isiphetho sokugcina sobuso kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional. Yenza okungalungile, futhi uthola igobolondo eliqhekeka ngesikhathi sokukhipha (imvamisa ku-autoclave) noma, okubi nakakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuthulula.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi we-pump impeller, idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi, enevani elincane ku-316 engagqwali. I-wax yayiphelele. Izendlalelo ezimbalwa zokuqala zamagobolondo kwakuyizincwadi zokufunda. Bese sishaya isipelingi esinomswakama. Ithimba liphushele ukuze ligcine ukuhlela, licwiliswe ngaphambi kokuthi ungqimba lwangaphambilini lome ngokuphelele. Umphumela? Igobolondo elihle okwathi lapho lidubula, laba nemifantu yezinwele. Insimbi encibilikisiwe yangena, yakha amaphiko kuma-vanes okwakungenakwenzeka ukuwakhipha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iphrofayili. Ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Lokho kwehluleka kwaba isifundo esinonya ekuhlonipheni inqubo ekhalendeni. Kuyisifundo esigxile ekusebenzeni okuthathe amashumi eminyaka, njengerekhodi le-QSY leminyaka engama-30. Awukwazi ukusheshisa ama-ceramics.
Leligobolondo, uma selixoshiwe, liba yisikhunta esizimele, esizimele. Yilokho inzuzo eyinhloko. Ayikho imigqa yokuhlukanisa, awekho ama-engeli asalungiswa. Ivumela lawo ma-geometries ahlanyayo—amaphaseji angaphakathi, ama-undercuts, umumo we-organic—asebenzisekayo kuphela ngezindleko ezinkulu nobunzima. Igobolondo liyisikhala esinegethivu esichaza amandla engxenye.
Okubalulekile Yilapho Igeyimu Ishintsha khona
Ukulahlwa kwe-wax okulahlekile akusekho nje okwezifanekiso zethusi. I-spectrum yezinto ezibonakalayo inkulu, futhi okukhethiwe kunquma yonke into kusukela ekuthululeni izinga lokushisa kuya ekwelashweni kokushisa kwangemva kokusakazwa. Lena enye indawo lapho okuhlangenwe nakho kungaxoxiswana khona. Ukusebenza nge-carbon steel kuyinto eyodwa; ukuthela ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel noma ama-alloys asekelwe ku-cobalt iyisilwane esihluke ngokuphelele.
Lawa ma-superalloy anamaphuzu aphezulu okuncibilika futhi avame ukusabela. Bafuna ukwakheka kwamagobolondo athile ukuvimbela ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali kulawo mazinga okushisa aphezulu. Isistimu yokugenca—imigudu efaka insimbi emgodini wokukhunta—kufanele yakhelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Udinga izisekelo ezinkudlwana ze-sprue kanye namasango anamasu ukuze uqinisekise ukudla okufanele futhi unciphise ukuncipha kwe-porosity kulezi zinto ezibizayo. Idizayini yokugezela ejwayelekile izosusa inqwaba engu-$10,000 ye-Inconel ngamaminithi.
Ukubheka uhlu lwezinto ezibonakalayo zomphakeli kukutshela okuningi. Uma ubona uhlu lwenkampani hhayi nje insimbi engagqwali futhi insimbi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ibiza ama-alloys akhethekile, ibonisa isisekelo esihlonyiselwe umsebenzi othuthukisiwe. Kusho ukuthi banolwazi lwe-metallurgical kanye nobuchwepheshe besithando sokuyiphatha. Ibheji elithulile lekhono. Isingeniso esifushane sesayithi le-QSY (tsngtaocnc.com) ithola lokhu okulungile—ihola ngezinqubo kodwa iyaziqinisa ngokushesha ezintweni, kuhlanganise nalawo alloys akhethekile. Leso isifinyezo sikadokotela.
Umshado Ongenakugwenywa: Casting kanye ne-CNC
Nali iqiniso elinzima: akukho ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphuma kuphelele. Kukhona njalo ukuhlanza. I-Flash ekuxhumekeni kwesango, ama-nodule amancane avela ekuthungeni kwegobolondo. Ukuze uthole ubakaki olula, isondo lokugaya lingase lanele. Kodwa ngomzimba we-valve onembayo noma ingxenye ye-turbine, udinga umshini. Yingakho abanekhono kakhulu izinkampani zokuphonsa i-wax ezilahlekile akuzona nje izisekelo; zingamayunithi adidiyelwe okukhiqiza.
Ukuba nemishini ye-CNC endlini akuyona into elula; kuyisidingo sokulawula. Ochwepheshe bemishini kanye nonjiniyela bezakhiwo badinga ukukhuluma. Umuntu ohlela i-CNC udinga ukuqonda ukuncipha okungenzeka kokulingisa kanye namaphuzu okuhlanekezela okungaba khona ukuze athole izici ezifanele zedatha. Ngibone izingxenye zilahliwe ekwenzeni imishini ngenxa yokuthi ukusakaza bekulungile kuphethini ye-wax, kodwa iphethini ngokwayo ayizange yakhelwe kucatshangelwa isitokwe sokugcina somshini. Bekuwukwehluleka kwedizayini okuzalwe ngenqubo ye-siled.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa yikho okushiwo igama elithi ukunemba kokutshala imali. Kuyiluphu ukusuka ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta ukuya ekubunjweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina kuya ekuhlolweni. Inkampani enikezela ngazo zombili ukubunjwa kwegobolondo (inqubo yomzala, ngokuvamile ezingxenyeni ezinkulu) kanye nomshini ogcwele we-CNC ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kububanzi bokusebenza be-QSY, izihlela ukuxazulula yonke inkinga, hhayi nje ucezu lwayo. Bangathatha isibopho sokuletha ingxenye eqediwe, esebenzayo, hhayi nje ukulingisa okunzima.
UDeveli Ngemininingwane: Ukugada kanye Nokuhoxa
Inzuzo ekusebenzeni okulahlekile kokuphonsa i-wax iphila futhi ifa ngesivuno. Futhi isivuno ngokuyinhloko kunqunywa ekamelweni wax, ngesikhathi umhlangano wesihlahla. Yilapho ubuciko buhlangana khona nezomnotho. Uwashisela amaphethini we-wax endaweni emaphakathi ye-wax sprue. Zingaki izingxenye ongazifaka? Uziqondisa kanjani ukuze uqinisekise ukugeleza kwensimbi okufanele kanye nokudla? Isentimitha ngalinye laleso sihlahla liyinsimbi ezoncibilika, ithululwe, futhi kamuva inqunywe futhi incibilikiswe.
Idizayini yesihlahla engasebenzi kahle ibulala umkhawulo wakho. Ingxenye engaphezu kwesango, futhi uchitha insimbi futhi ukhuphule izindleko zomshini. Ngaphansi kwesango, futhi uthola ama-shrinkage cavities, ukukrazula ingxenye ngokuphelele. Iphazili yokwenza kahle njalo. Onjiniyela benqubo abangcono kakhulu banomtapo wezincwadi wezithombe zengqondo—lesi simo sidinga isango eliphezulu, leli lidinga ukugcwaliswa phansi, le ngxenye ewugqinsi idinga ukugodola ukuze ilawule ukuqina. Kukhona isofthiwe yalokhu manje, kodwa umuzwa wokubona izinkulungwane zokuthululwa awunakushintshwa.
Lokhu umshayeli wezindleko ezifihliwe amaklayenti amaningi angawazisi. Babona inani lengxenye ngayinye kodwa hhayi amahora wobunjiniyela achithwa ekulingiseni nasekuhloleni ngokomzimba ukuze bathole isango elilungile lengxenye entsha. Isisekelo esihle sizoba phambili ngalesi sigaba sokuthuthukiswa. Akuyona inkokhiso eyengeziwe; kuwumsebenzi oyisisekelo oqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, okunesivuno esikhulu okwenziwa kamuva.
Ngakho-ke, Ufunani Ngempela?
Uma uhlola a inkampani yokuphonsa i-wax elahlekile, awuthengeli impahla. Ufuna uzakwethu wezobuchwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi, ishidi lokuthengisa—kuyizinkomba nje. Udinga ukumba ekulawuleni inqubo. Buza mayelana nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kwegumbi labo legobolondo. Buza ukuthi bawaklama kanjani amasango engxubevange entsha. Cela ukubona izibonelo zendlela abaphatha ngayo ama-datum omshini ezindaweni ezisakazwayo.
Isivivinyo sangempela siwukuthi bakhuluma kanjani ngokuhluleka. Ingabe banazo izindaba eziphathelene nezinto ezingahambanga kahle kanye nabakufundile? Noma isiphi isitolo esifuna isilinganiso sempumelelo esingu-100% siqamba amanga noma asiyiphushanga imvilophu. Abalulekile, lawo anomlando weminyaka engu-30 njengeqembu elingemuva kwe-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, anezibazi kanye nokulungisa okulandelanayo ukuze afakazele ukuthi akade ekhona. Ukuphila kwabo isikhathi eside ngokwayo kuyiphuzu ledatha.
Ekugcineni, kuya phansi ukuthembela ekuyalweni kwenqubo yabo. Bangakwazi yini ukuhumusha ngokungaguquki inhloso yedizayini yakho—noma ngabe ilula insimbi ubakaki noma inkimbinkimbi ukutshala imali ku-monel—ibe ingxenye yensimbi ethembekile, enomsindo? Yilowo kuphela umbuzo obalulekile. Okunye yi-wax ne-ceramic nje.
