Lokacin da kuka ji 'maƙerin simintin saka jari,' me ke zuwa hankali? Ga mutane da yawa, ƙasida ce mai sheki mai cike da haske, rikitattun sassa. Haƙiƙa, niƙa na yau da kullun, wani abu ne gaba ɗaya. Yana da ƙasa da cikakken hoto na ƙarshe da ƙari game da ƙamshin ƙonawa da safe, tweaks mara iyaka don sabon superalloy, da jin tsoro lokacin da harsashi ya fashe yayin lalata. Kalmar kanta na iya zama mai ɓatarwa-yana nuna mayar da hankali ɗaya. A gaskiya, mafi kyawun shaguna ba kawai wuraren kafa ba; an haɗa su da hanyoyin magance matsala, tare da daidaita rata tsakanin ƙirar CAD da aiki, ɓangaren inganci. Yawancin masu siye suna daidaitawa akan farashin raka'a ko lokacin jagora, suna rasa mahimmancin mahimmanci: daidaito ƙarƙashin matsin zafi, amincin girma a wuri na ƙima na biyar, da ƙwarewar ƙarfe ta yadda za a hana gazawar tsari mai tsada watanni shida ƙasa.
Batun Batun: Zuba Ƙarfe Ne kawai
Bari mu yanke zuwa bin. Babban kuskure shine kallon simintin zuba jari a matsayin tsarin kayayyaki. Kuna aika zane, kun sami sashi. Idan kawai. Haƙiƙanin ƙimar masana'anta yana cikin abin da ke faruwa kafin ƙarfe ya taɓa ganin tanderun. Dauki samfurin kayan aiki. Mutuwar aluminium mai arha, da gaggawar injina na iya adana $5k a gaba. Amma idan ba ta da daftarin da ya dace, ko kuma ba a ƙididdige haɓakar zafinta ba, za ku sami gurɓatattun ƙirar kakin zuma waɗanda ke shiga cikin mafarkai masu girma bayan simintin gyare-gyare. Na ga ayyukan da 'ajiye' akan kayan aiki ya haifar da asarar adadi shida a cikin guntu da jinkirin taro. Shagon ƙwararru, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), za su yi jayayya, wani lokacin da ƙarfi, don ƙirar kayan aiki mafi ƙarfi. Ba abin tayar da hankali ba ne; yana hana bala'i. Shekarunsu uku a cikin wasan suna nufin da alama sun riga sun yi kuskuren da za ku biya.
Sannan akwai kakin zuma. Ba duk alluran da aka yi amfani da su ba ne. Don madaidaicin shingen sararin samaniya mai katanga, kuna buƙatar ƙaramin danko, tsari mai ƙarfi don ɗaukar cikakkun bayanai ba tare da alamun nutsewa ba. Don jikin bawul mai nauyi, kakin zuma mai ƙarfi yana da mahimmanci don hana nakasawa yayin sarrafawa. Zaɓin ba na son rai ba ne; kira ne na hukunci bisa tsarin lissafi, gami, da tsarin ginin harsashi na gaba. Na tuna wani aiki na famfo impeller inda muka canza zuwa kakin zuma mai haɓaka polymer. Farashin rukunin ya haura 15%, amma raguwar gyare-gyaren walda akan simintin gyare-gyare na ƙarshe saboda kyakkyawan gamawa ya ceci abokin ciniki sama da kashi 40 cikin ɗari a farashin kammalawa. Shi ke nan boye lissafin.
Kuma gina harsashi? A nan ne fasaha ta haɗu da kimiyya. Ba wai kawai tsomawa da stuccoing ba ne. A slurry danko, da bushewa yanayi (kwantar da danshi ne dabba), yawan sufi-kowane m ne lever cewa rinjayar permeability da ƙarfi. Harsashi mai rauni sosai zai fashe yayin zuba; kuma ba zai iya jurewa ba, kuma kuna samun tarkon iskar gas. Na shafe dare a cikin shagon tare da masu fasaha, na daidaita abun ciki na gari na zirconia a cikin slurry na farko da rabin kashi don kawar da shigar ƙarfe a kan mahalli na bakin karfe. Wannan baya cikin kowace kasida. Yana cikin rubuce-rubucen littafin rubutu da kuma raba takaici lokacin da gwajin gwajin ya gaza.
Material Maze: Alloys Ba A Ƙirƙirar Daidai Ba
Kowa ya yi iƙirarin yin aiki da 'bakin ƙarfe' ko 'alloys na tushen nickel.' Shaidan yana cikin takaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai: 316L da 316, Inconel 718 da 625. Bambanci sau da yawa ya ta'allaka ne a cikin maganin zafi da kuma yadda ƙarfe ke aiki yayin lokacin ƙarfi. Yin simintin saka hannun jari tsari ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wanda zai haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna idan ba a sarrafa shi ba. Don kamfani kamar QSY, wanda ya lissafa cobalt na tushen gami kuma nickel tushen gami a matsayin ƙwarewa, wannan ba akwati ba ne. Yana nufin sun buga bugu a cikin zub da yanayin zafi, mold pre-heat, da yanayin sanyaya musamman ga waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan kayan.
Misalin kankare: mun taɓa yin gudu da batch na cobalt gami (Stellite 6) sa faranti. Chemistry ya kasance cikakke, amma sassan sun nuna ƙananan fashewa. Batun? Daidaitaccen harsashi da muka yi amfani da shi don bakin karfe yana da martanin girgiza zafi na daban. Garin cobalt, tare da kewayon ƙarfinsa daban-daban, yana buƙatar harsashi tare da gauraya mai ɗanɗanon gyare-gyare don ɗaukar ƙanƙara. Gyaran baya cikin sashin narkewa; ya dawo a tankin slurry. Wannan shine haɗin kai da na ambata. Tsarin simintin gyare-gyaren sarka ne, kuma mafi raunin hanyar haɗin gwiwa ba koyaushe yake inda kuke tsammani ba.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa lissafin kayan masana'anta labari ne, ba menu ba. Lokacin da kuka ga 'alloys na musamman,' bincika zurfi. Tambayi game da ma'aunin nauyi na yau da kullun na wannan gami, matakin rikitarwa da suka samu, da kuma-mahimmanci-idan sun yi nasu bincike a cikin gida. Jiran sa'o'i 24 don rahoton lab na waje yayin da zafi na ƙarfe ke zaune a cikin tanderun abin alatu babu wanda zai iya iyawa.
Inda Machining Ya Haɗu: Hannun CNC
Babu wani simintin gyare-gyaren da ya dace da ainihin 'siffar hanyar sadarwa'. Koyaushe akwai fuskokin datum zuwa na'ura, saman mating don gamawa, da zaren da za a taɓa. Wannan shi ne inda samfurin haɗin gwiwa zuba jari kuma Injin CNC aiki yana nuna launuka na gaskiya. Babban fa'idar ba dacewa da kayan aiki bane (ko da yake wannan na gaske ne); hankali ne na juzu'i.
Tawagar mashin ɗin da ke aiki tare da kafaffen ginin suna koyon ƙwaƙƙwaran sa. Sun san cewa ga wani dangi na musamman na injin turbin da aka jefa a cikin Inconel, akwai abin da za a iya faɗi, ba da izinin haja ba a kan tushen dandamali-watakila 0.7mm a gefe ɗaya, 1.1mm a ɗayan, dangane da yadda harsashi ke zubewa. Ana iya rubuta shirye-shiryen su na CNC don ɗaukar wannan bambance-bambancen da ake tsammanin, inganta hanyoyin kayan aiki da adana rayuwar yanke. Idan simintin gyare-gyare da injina keɓaɓɓu ne daban-daban, wannan madaidaicin ra'ayi yana jinkiri, na yau da kullun, kuma galibi yana ɓacewa cikin fassarar. Mashin ɗin ya sami wani sashi tare da hannun jari na 'marasa tsammanin' kuma ya zargi tushen; Kamfanonin sun manta da ƙalubalen mashin ɗin.
A haɗaɗɗiyar kayan aiki, aikin bayan-simintin ci gaba ne. An ƙera ɓangaren tare da machining tun daga farko. Mu sau da yawa muna ba da shawarar ƙara ƙananan sandunan hadaya akan filaye marasa mahimmanci don samar da amintaccen wuri don CNC, wani abu da zai zama abin tunani (ko rashin yiwuwar) idan an sake tsarin. Ziyartar shafin su a tsingtaocnc.com, zaku iya ganin wannan kwarara: daga wurin tsaftacewa na simintin gyare-gyare, sassan suna motsawa kai tsaye zuwa binciken CMM sannan kuma a kan gadaje CNC. Wannan ci gaba yana rage lalacewa, yanke lokacin jagora, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, yana gina alhaki ɗaya don ingancin sashin ƙarshe.
Taskar Fassara: Darussa a cikin Kwancen Scrap
Kuna ƙarin koyo daga gazawar simintin gyare-gyare fiye da cikakke. Duk wanda ya ce akasin haka yana sayar da wani abu. A farkon lokacin da nake aiki tare da waɗannan matakai, muna da oda don hadadden ƙarfe na ductile manifold. Samfuran sun yi kyau. A cikin cikakken samarwa, mun fara samun karyewa bazuwa. Mai laifi? Canji a cikin inoculant da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin maganin ƙarfe, haɗe tare da ɗan ƙaramin sanyi mai sauri a cikin sabbin ƙwayoyin harsashi masu girma. Ƙarfan ƙarfe yana da sauti akan takarda, amma hulɗar tsari ta ƙare. Mun warware shi ta hanyar daidaita mold pre-zafi da juyawa zuwa inoculant na asali, amma ba kafin mu kwashe wani muhimmin tsari ba.
Wannan ita ce gefen mara kyau. Kyakkyawar masana'anta yana da tarihin waɗannan labarun-nasu da kuma tarihin masana'antu. Kamata ya yi su zama abin ban tsoro game da tuƙi na tsari. Lokacin da sabon yashi mai jujjuyawa ya zo, shin suna gudanar da harsashi na gwaji? Lokacin da zafi ya ƙaru a watan Yuli, shin suna daidaita yanayin bushewa? Wannan faɗakarwar aiki shine abin da shekaru 30 na gwaninta, kamar nassoshi na QSY, da gaske ke nufi. Ba shekaru 30 na maimaitawa ba; yana da shekaru 30 na daidaitawa ga ƙananan ƙananan canji dubu.
Wani classic 'rashin nasara' shine rashin sadarwa akan ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Zane yana kira ga Ƙaunar 125 Ra max. Kamar yadda aka jefa, za mu iya buga hakan. Amma idan abokin ciniki da gaske yana buƙatar gama na'ura akan wannan saman kuma ya manta da shi, ɓangaren ba shi da amfani. Yanzu, wani gogaggen shago zai kama wannan. Za su ga tsayin daka a kan gungu ko bayanin kula game da tsagi na hatimi kuma su yi kira don fayyace: Shin kuna yin wannan fuskar? Saboda simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ba za mu iya riƙe wannan flatness ba. Wannan kiran wayar, wancan lokacin shakku da fayyace, ya fi daraja fiye da kamala dubu amma simintin da ba a fahimta ba.
Ma'auni na Haƙiƙa: Daidaituwar Tsawon Tsawon Lokaci
Don haka, yaya kuke yin hukunci zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa manufacturer? Kada ku nemi mafi kyawun samfurin su kawai. Tambayi bayanan sarrafa tsarin ƙididdiga (SPC) don mahimmin girma akan wani yanki mai tsawo. Tambayi game da kashi na farko-farko na yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yi tambaya game da tsarin su don cancantar sabon abu ko sabon mahimmin mai kaya. Amsoshin zasu gaya muku komai.
Manufar ba shine samar da wani bangare na banmamaki guda ɗaya don nunin kasuwanci ba. Zai samar da kuri'a mai lamba 500 tare da dogaro iri ɗaya da lamba 1, shekaru biyar baya, ko da ainihin injiniyan kayan aiki ya yi ritaya. Wannan yana buƙatar tsarin, amma kuma al'adar da ke mutunta sana'a. Tsohon sojan gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare ne wanda ke jin ɗan ja a kan ƙirar kakin zuma kuma ya san mutuwar yana buƙatar tsaftacewa kafin CMM tutocin kuskuren girma.
A ƙarshe, haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'anta shine game da samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar su na matsalolin da aka warware da kuma kawar da bala'o'i. Yana da game da shirye-shiryensu su ce zane zai zama matsala, a nan ne dalilin da ya sa kafin a yanke kayan aikin karfe. Lokacin da kuka kalli fayil ɗin daga kamfani wanda ke da nau'i-nau'i harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa tare da ingantattun mashin ɗin, kuna ganin ƙarshen wannan haɗaɗɗiyar tunani mai warware matsala. Bangaren ba wai kawai ba; Injiniya ne, an haife shi daga tsarin da ke yin la'akari da kowane mataki daga ɗakin kakin zuma zuwa ɓarna na ƙarshe. Wannan shine abin da ke bayan kalmar.
