Ka sani, lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'jikin bawul', suna kwatanta wani nau'i mai nauyi mai nauyi tare da wasu ramuka a ciki. Wannan shine babban kuskure na farko. A cikin layinmu na aiki a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Mun ga cewa tunani yana haifar da kowane nau'i na al'amurran da suka shafi ƙasa - lalacewa da wuri-wuri, zubar da ciki, gazawar tsarin bala'i. Gaskiyar ita ce, a bawul jiki shine tushen chassis; mutuncinsa yana nufin komai. Ba wai kawai game da ɗaukar matsi ba ne; yana game da daidaitattun hanyoyin kwarara, kwanciyar hankali na zafi a ƙarƙashin mahaukacin gradients, da juriya da lalata daga kafofin watsa labarai da ba za ku yi imani ba. Yin kuskure yana da tsada, kuma na sami sassan da aka goge don tabbatar da shi.
Matsalolin Casting: Inda Duk Ya Fara (ko Tsayawa)
Kowa yana so ya yi tsalle kai tsaye zuwa jurewar injin injin CNC. Na samu, wannan shine bangaren sexy. Amma idan simintin ku na datti ne, babu wani ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙira da zai cece shi. Wannan shi ne inda mu shekaru talatin a harsashi mold da zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa da gaske cizo. Za a bawul jiki wanda aka ƙaddara don tururi mai ƙarfi ko sinadarai masu lalata, sautin ciki ba zai yuwu ba. Kogon raguwar ƙarami ba za ku iya gani ba akan X-ray? Wannan fage ne na gajiya a gaba yana jira ya faru. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya da wuri tare da batch don abokin ciniki na petrochemical. Sassan sun wuce gwaje-gwajen matsa lamba na farko, amma sun gaza a cikin wurin bayan ƴan zagayowar zafi. Tushen dalili? Sanyaya mara daidaituwa a cikin kauri sashi na tsarin simintin saka hannun jari. Ba aibi ba ne; ya kasance wani hatsabibin sarrafa tsari.
Shi ya sa zaɓen kayan ba akwati ba ne. Bakin karfe mafari ne, ba mafita ba. Shin 304 ne don lalata gabaɗaya, ko 316 don chlorides? Don matsananciyar zafi da sulfidation, kuna kallon Inconel 625 ko Hastelloy C-276—wadannan gami da tushen nickel da muka kware a ciki. Fasahar yin simintin tana canzawa gaba ɗaya. Tare da waɗannan superalloys, yawan zafin jiki na zub, mold pre-zafi, da adadin sanyaya dole su kasance cikin cikakkiyar rawa. A ɗan karkata kuma za ku sami rarrabuwa, gaggautsa matakai. The bawul jiki zai yi kama da kamala, amma zai tsattsage yayin aikin injin ko, mafi muni, a cikin sabis. Muna ciyar da ƙarin lokaci don cancantar sigogin tsarin mu don kowane sabon gami fiye da yadda muke yi akan ainihin samarwa don labarin farko.
Na tuna wani aiki don aikace-aikacen geothermal. Ƙirar ta yi kira ga duplex bakin karfe bawul jiki. Kalubalen? Tsayar da ma'auni na kusan 50/50 austenite-ferrite ta hanyar simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma kula da zafi na gaba don samun wannan cikakkiyar gaurayawar ƙarfi da juriya mai lalata chloride. Yayi saurin sanyi sosai, kuma kuna karkatar da rabon. Ya kai mu batches na matukin jirgi guda hudu, muna yankan samfurori don nazarin metallographic kowane lokaci, don kulle hanyar. Injiniyoyin abokin ciniki sun ɗauka cewa muna da hankali sosai. Har sai da bawul ɗin masu fafatawa da su, waɗanda aka samo su daga wurin mai rahusa, sun fara kasawa cikin shekara guda. Har yanzu namu yana cikin kasa.
Machining: Inda Geometry Ya Haɗu da Gaskiya
Wannan shi ne inda tsarin ya zo da rai, kuma inda yawancin ciwon kai ke bayyana. Kuna samun simintin simintin gyare-gyare daga ginin tushe. Yayi kyau. Sa'an nan kuma ka sanya shi a kan CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) bayan aikin farko na roughing, kuma ka ga ainihin motsi. Wataƙila rabin milimita ne kawai, amma lokacin da kuke da hadaddun cibiyar sadarwa na intersecting bores don datsa bawul, rabin millimeter bala'i ne. An kashe duk bayanan ku. Kuna ƙoƙarin ceto shi ta hanyar daidaita tsarin injin ku, mai yuwuwar lalata kaurin bango? Ko kuna watsar da simintin $5,000? Waɗannan su ne kiran yau da kullun.
CNC machining a bawul jiki ba kawai game da bugawa +/- 0.01mm ba. Yana da game da jerin. Shin kuna injin flange da farko don kafa datum na farko, ko kuna fitar da kogon ciki don rage damuwa? Ga manya, hadaddun jikkuna kamar na manyan bawul ɗin keɓewar tururi, sau da yawa muna yin motsin rage damuwa bayan yin aiki mai tsauri. Dole ne ku bar isasshen haja ta yadda bayan sashin ya motsa kadan a cikin tanderun, har yanzu kuna iya tsaftace shi a ƙarshen wucewar. Idan ba ku shirya wannan motsi ba, za ku ga aljihunan kujerun kujerun gama-mashin ɗin ba su da hankali.
Dabarun kayan aiki kuma wani kisa ne na shiru. Hakowa mai zurfi, ramukan giciye don kayan aiki ko tashoshi masu zubar jini a cikin simintin bakin karfe na austenitic? Wannan kayan yana son yin aiki-tauri. Yi amfani da abinci/gudun da ba daidai ba, ko rawar sojan da ba ta da ƙarfi, kuma za ku kyalli bangon ramin. Kayan aiki na gaba, kamar reamer, zai kawai nitse daga saman da ya taurare, ya lalata diamita da gamawa. Mun daidaita kan takamaiman makin carbide da ingantaccen kayan aikin sanyaya abinci don waɗannan ayyukan bayan kwashe sassa da yawa da aka gama. Waɗannan mintuna ne, cikakkun bayanai marasa kyan gani waɗanda ke raba ɓangaren da ke aiki da wanda ya yi fice. Kuna iya samun wasu hanyoyinmu na waɗannan ƙalubalen ƙalubalen inji akan rukunin yanar gizon mu a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ko da yake ainihin nuance koyaushe takamaiman aiki ne.
Ramin Zomo na Musamman na Alloys
Abokan ciniki suna zuwa wurinmu a QSY sau da yawa saboda sun yi iyakacin abin duniya. Daidaitaccen karfe ba sa yanke shi. Wannan shine inda yake samun ban sha'awa, kuma a zahiri, inda kuke samun sunan ku. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na Cobalt kamar Stellite 6, galibi ana amfani da su azaman kujeru masu wuyar fuska a cikin bawul jiki, gabatar da paradox. Suna da yuwuwar lalacewa kuma suna jure lalata, amma mafarki ne mai ban tsoro ga injin. Suna da ɗanɗano, suna lalata kayan aikin yankan, kuma suna haifar da zafi mai tsanani. Ba za ku iya jefa ma'auni kawai a ciki ba.
Dole ne mu haɓaka dukkan ka'idoji na al'ada: babban saurin gudu, babban ciyarwa, kayan aikin geometries na musamman tare da matsanancin rake mai ƙarfi, da babban mai sanyaya mai ƙarfi don karya guntu da ɗaukar zafi. Wani lokaci, don bambance-bambancen da suka fi wuya, muna watsi da mashin ɗin gargajiya gaba ɗaya don niƙa ko ma EDM (Mashin ɗin Fitar da Wutar Lantarki) akan wasu fasaloli. Ma'anar ita ce, kayan aikin bawul jiki da kanta, ko allunan da kuke yin injina a ciki, suna tsara taswirar masana'antu gaba ɗaya. Babu wani tsarin-girma-daya-daidai-duk shirin CNC. Tsari ne na daidaitawa akai-akai.
Kuma ba machining kawai ba ne. Walda bututun ƙarfe ko facin gyara akan abin da aka yi da nickel bawul jiki yana buƙatar daidaiton tiyata. Pre-zafi, kula da zafin jiki na tsaka-tsaki, takamaiman wayoyi masu cikawa, da tsayayyen PWHT (Maganin Zafin Bayan-Weld) don dawo da ƙananan tsarin. Yi kowane mataki ba daidai ba, kuma kun ƙirƙiri yankin rauni mafi saurin kamuwa da gazawa fiye da na asali aibi. Muna kiyaye tantanin halitta da aka keɓe don irin wannan daidaitaccen gyaran walda saboda yana da mahimmanci, ƙwarewa na musamman. Ba aikin masana'anta ba ne; ya fi kusa da fasahar ƙarfe.
Gwaji & Fatalwar Cikin Injin
Binciken ƙarshe shine inda ake gwada amincin ku, ba kawai ɓangaren ba. Gwajin Hydro zuwa matsa lamba na ƙira 1.5x daidai ne, ba shakka. Amma wannan shine hoton wucewa/ gazawa. Ba ya gaya muku game da dogon lokaci creeps a cikin wani high-zazzabi sabis, ko gajiya rayuwa. Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, muna turawa don ƙarin. Gwajin mai shigar da rini (PT) akan duk saman injina don nemo fashewar saman. Gwajin barbashi na Magnetic (MT) don kayan ferritic. Amma ma'aunin gwal, musamman don simintin saka hannun jari mai kauri, shine gwajin rediyo (RT).
Kuna neman wadancan lahani na ciki - raguwa, porosity, haɗawa. Sharuɗɗan karɓa ta kowane ma'aunin ASTM E suna da muni, kuma yakamata su kasance. Na amince da fina-finai na RT inda ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗimbin yawa ke da nisa daga kowace iyaka ko matsananciyar damuwa. A fasaha, yana iya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Amma idan sunana ne akan takaddun shaida, kuma ina tunanin hakan bawul jiki a kan bishiyar Kirsimeti na ƙarƙashin teku ko layin sanyi na nukiliya, sau da yawa zan ƙi shi. Kiran hukunci ne. Kudin sake yin ba kome ba ne idan aka kwatanta da farashin gazawar filin. Ana gasa wannan dabi'ar ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin ayyukanmu a QSY, wanda aka haife shi daga waɗannan shekaru 30+ na ganin abin da zai iya faruwa ba daidai ba.
Sannan akwai ma'auni. Rahoton CMM lambobi ne kawai. Dole ne ku karanta shi. Idan duk diamita na ciki suna cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai amma suna nuna ɗan taper, menene hakan yake nufi? Wataƙila kayan aikin ya karkata. Wataƙila akwai ragowar damuwa. Yana iya zama abin karɓa, amma yana nuna rashin kwanciyar hankali na tsari na sashi na gaba. Quality ba kawai game da wucewa ba; shi ne game da fahimtar gefe na wuce da kuma Trend. Muna ɗaukar rahoton binciken labarin farko kamar takaddar bincike.
Komawa Babban Hoto
Don haka, bayan duk wannan - muhawarar gami, gwajin jefawa, ciwon kai, tashin hankali - menene kuke da shi? Kuna da a bawul jiki. Bangaren kawai. Amma wani bangare ne wanda ke tattare da jerin yanke shawara, gwaninta, da, i, dan jin tsoro. Ba kaya ba ne. Lokacin da kuka samo asali daga shago irin namu, ba kawai kuna siyan sifar injina ba. Kuna siyan shekarun da suka gabata na taka tsantsan wanda ya sanya mu gudanar da wannan karin harbin RT, da shirye-shiryen gogewa da sake farawa, da kuma tarin ilimin yadda kwakwalwan allo na tushen cobalt yakamata suyi duba lokacin da suke fitowa daga kayan aiki daidai.
Masana'antar tana cike da shagunan da za su iya yin siffa mai kama da a bawul jiki. Dabarar ita ce yin wanda ya ɓace a cikin tsarin shekaru 30 kuma yana aiki kawai, manta. Wannan shine burin. Yana farawa tare da mutunta hadaddun da ke ɓoye a cikin wannan sauƙi mai sauƙi, jikin bawul, kuma yana ƙarewa da wani yanki akan jirgi ko a cikin shuka wanda babu wanda zai taɓa tunanin sau biyu. Wannan shine ainihin ma'aunin nasara, wanda ya wuce satifiket ɗin dubawa.
