Mukawona Ko 20 pa pepala lodziwika bwino kapena satifiketi yakuthupi, lingaliro lanthawi yomweyo nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhudza cobalt. Ndilo msampha woyamba. M'zaka zathu makumi atatu zogwiritsira ntchito ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt popanga ndalama ndikuwongolera bwino, ndaphunzira kuti nambala yotsatira 'Co' simakhala yowongoka. Ndi shorthand, kugwedeza kwa banja la aloyi, ndipo kutanthauzira kwake kungapangitse kapena kusokoneza ntchito ya gawo m'munda. Magulu ambiri ogula zinthu amaziwona ndikuganiza kuti akupeza zinthu zokhazikika, zomwe zili pashelefu. Chowonadi ndi chovuta komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri. Ilozera ku gulu la aloyi kumene cobalt ndi maziko, koma mdierekezi-ndi ntchito-ali mu ena 20-ish peresenti ya kapangidwe ndi, motsutsa, mbiri processing.
Dzina Losamvetsetseka
Tiyeni tifotokoze izi: Ko 20 si aloyi imodzi, yodziwika bwino ngati 304 zosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi zambiri zamalonda kapena zamakampani wamba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalozera ku ma aloyi a cobalt-chromium, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pamiyezo ngati ASTM F75 kapena zofanana. '20' imatanthawuza mosasamala mtundu wa makiyi a alloying, nthawi zambiri chromium, yomwe imakhala mozungulira 26-30%, kapena nthawi zina molybdenum. Zomwe zili mu cobalt ndizochuluka, nthawi zambiri kuposa 50%. Chifukwa chake dzinali ndi pafupifupi kusokonekera. Ndakhala maola ambiri ndikuyimba foni ndikufotokozera izi kwa mainjiniya omwe adatsimikiza kuti kujambula kwawo kunali kolakwika. Iwo angafotokoze Ko 20 kuyembekezera chemistry yolondola, ndipo tikuyenera kubwereranso kuzomwe zimafunikira pakugwirira ntchito: kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri pakatentha kwambiri, kuyanjana kwachilengedwe? Izo zimatchula Chinsinsi chenicheni.
Kusamvetsetseka uku ndi kumene oyambitsa ndi makina amapezera ndalama zawo. Kumalo athu ogulitsira, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tikuwona izi zikubwera m'magawo omwe akuyenera kugwira ntchito movutirapo - ma valve ochepetsera pakuwonongeka kwa hydrocarbon, kapena kuvala mbale pamakina aulimi. Kukambirana koyambirira nthawi zonse kumachokera ku generic Ko 20 ku chosowa chenichenicho. Kodi gawo lomaliza linalephera chifukwa chowawa? Kapena inali nkhani ya corrosion kutopa? Zosintha za alloy kuchokera pamenepo ndizobisika koma zotsimikizika.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya gawo lowongolera ma valve, mwina zaka zisanu zapitazo. tangonena kumene za cholowa cha kasitomala Ko 20. Iwo anali kukumana ndi kutayikira msanga. Tidasanthula gawo lomwe lalephera ndipo tidapeza kuti silinali kukana kwa dzimbiri kochuluka komwe kunali vuto; kunali kuphatikizika kwa kuuma kochepa ndi kugawa kosauka kwa carbide pa nkhope yosindikiza. Aloyi 20 yomwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito inali F75, yomwe ili yabwino pazinthu zambiri, koma osati chifukwa cha synergy ya abrasive-corrosive synergy. Tinapanga zosinthidwa zokhala ndi mphamvu zolimba pa kaboni ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa matenthedwe pambuyo poponya. Zotsatira zake sizinali dzina losiyana la aloyi, mtundu wabwinoko wa chiyani Ko 20 akhoza kukhala kwa iwo. Mbali imeneyo ikugwirabe ntchito, ndikuuzidwa.
Kuchokera ku Melt kupita ku Machine: Njirayo ndi Chogulitsa
Simungathe kuyankhula za zipangizozi popanda kudetsa manja anu ndi ndondomekoyi. Makhalidwe a cobalt-chromium alloy ndi ochepa ponena za chemistry yomwe mumayambira ndi zambiri za momwe mumalimbitsira ndikuzichitira pambuyo pake. Apa ndi pamene njira yathu yophatikizika Mtengo wa QSY nkhani. Kuwongolera ulendo kuchokera ku chipolopolo cha nkhungu kupita ku makina omaliza a CNC pansi pa denga limodzi sikungokhudza kuchita bwino; ndizokhudzana ndi kufufuza ndi kupewa kuipitsidwa kapena kutayika kwa katundu pamalo ocheperako.
Mu kuponya ndalama, kutentha kutsanulira ndi kuzizira kwa a Ko 20-mtundu wa alloy ndi wofunikira kuti muchepetse micro-porosity ndikuwongolera kapangidwe kambewu. Kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo mumakhala pachiwopsezo cha nkhawa; pang'onopang'ono, ndipo magawo a carbide amatha kukhala ovuta komanso osalimba. Talowetsamo masauzande ambiri, ndipo kope (lomwe tsopano ndi nkhokwe) lili ndi zosintha zazing'ono - kusintha kwa madigiri 15 Celsius pakutentha kwambiri, kusintha kwa nkhungu kusanayambe kutentha - komwe kunathetsa nkhani zina monga kung'ambika kotentha pa geometry ya flange. Izi sizinthu zamabuku; ndi chidziwitso cha fuko chomangidwa kuchokera kwa anthu olephera komanso opambana.
Kenako pamabwera makina. Anthu amapeputsa momwe ma aloyiwa ali ovuta kudula. Amagwira ntchito molimbika nthawi yomweyo. Chida chosawoneka bwino pang'ono kapena kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri sikungovala chida; imasintha kukhulupirika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa gawolo, ndikupanga wosanjikiza, wosasunthika womwe ungayambitse ming'alu muutumiki. Tidaphunzira izi movutirapo, ndikuchotsa zida zamtengo wapatali chifukwa zopindika zidawonetsa ming'alu yaying'ono poyang'aniridwa ndi utoto. Njira yothetsera vutoli inali zida zakuthwa, zokutira za carbide, zoziziritsa kukhosi kwambiri zomwe zili m'mphepete mwake, komanso zokhazikika, zokhazikika. Ndiwochedwa, koma ndi njira yokhayo yoperekera gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito monga alloy amapangidwira. The Mtengo wa QSY Webusaitiyi imatchula za luso lathu la CNC, koma phindu lenileni likugwiritsa ntchito kulondola kumeneku pazinthu zovuta kwambiri.
The Alloying Nuances: Kuposa Cobalt Yokha
Kukhala pa cobalt maziko okha ndi kulakwitsa. Matsenga—ndi uinjiniya—ali m’bokosi lina. Nickel nthawi zambiri imakhalapo kuti ikhazikitse njira zolimba komanso kukhazikika kwa austenitic. Chromium, monga tanenera, ndi ya passive oxide layer yomwe imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri. Koma ndiye mumalowa muzinthu za carbon, zomwe zimapanga ma carbides olimbawo. Mpweya wochepa kwambiri, ndi kukana kuvala kumavutika; kwambiri, ndipo mumasokoneza ductility ndi machinability. Molybdenum ndi tungsten amawonjezedwa kuti alimbikitse yankho lolimba, kukweza ntchito yotentha kwambiri.
Tinagwira ntchito yopangira shaft shaft yogwiritsira ntchito geothermal pomwe chilengedwe chinali chapamwamba kwambiri cha chloride komanso kutentha kwambiri. Muyezo Ko 20 kupanga kunali kocheperako. Kukonzaku kudakhudza kusuntha molybdenum ndi tungsten bwino kuti filimu ya protective oxide oxide ikhale yokhazikika pansi pa njinga yamoto, komanso kuchepetsa pang'ono mpweya kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwa kutentha. Inali giredi yaposachedwa, koma idakula kuchokera pachimake Ko 20 banja. Izi ndizokhazikika, osati kuchotserapo, pazofunsira zofunidwa.
Kusankha kusiyanasiyana koyenera nthawi zambiri kumatsikira kumayendedwe oyambilira. Kodi ndi abrasion yeniyeni? Kusiyanasiyana kwa carbon wapamwamba kungakhale kwabwino kwambiri. Kodi ndi dzimbiri ndi kukhudza kwapakatikati? Kenako kulimba mtima ndi kukana dzimbiri kumakhala patsogolo, kuloza ku mtundu wocheperako, mtundu wapamwamba wa nickel/chromium. Kukhala ndi bwenzi ngati Mtengo wa QSY, wokhala ndi chidziwitso chakuya pakupanga ndi kupanga mitundu iyi, ndikofunikira chifukwa kusinthika kumasintha ndi tweak iliyonse. Aloyi yomwe imapanga mokongola ikhoza kukhala yowopsa kwa makina, komanso mosemphanitsa.
Kulephera Monga Mphunzitsi: Pamene Co 20 Siikukwanira
Sikuti nkhani iliyonse imakhala yopambana. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yanga pano, tinali ndi zisindikizo za turbine blade zomwe zidabwezedwa. Adatchulidwa ngati aloyi wamba wa cobalt-chromium, omwe tidawakonza ngati muyezo wathu Ko 20-mtundu wasungunuka. Anapambana mayeso onse amakina ndi mankhwala. Koma muutumiki, adapunduka atanyamula katundu kale kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Kuwunika kwa post-mortem kunawulula nkhaniyi: ngakhale kuti chemistry yochuluka inali yabwino, tinali titaphonya zomwe kasitomala amafuna (komanso zojambulidwa) kuti achepetse mphamvu yophulika pa kutentha kwina. Kutentha kwathu kwanthawi zonse, kokwanira 90% ya ntchito, sikunapange mawonekedwe enieni a carbide ofunikira pamlingo wowonjezerawo.
Limenelo linali phunziro lofunika kwambiri. Tsopano, meets spec si mapeto a zokambirana. Timafufuza za malo ogwirira ntchito: kutentha kosalekeza, matenthedwe, mtundu wotsitsa, zida zokwerera. Pepala lapadera la Ko 20 ndi poyambira zokambirana zaukadaulo, osati mzere womaliza. Tinamanga laibulale yaing'ono ya microstructures yodziwika kuchokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, kotero tsopano tikhoza kusonyeza makasitomala nthawi zambiri, Izi ndi zomwe mumapeza ndi Njira A, ndipo izi ndizowongolera mphamvu za malire a tirigu ndi Njira B. Zimapangitsa zokambirana kukhala zomveka.
Vuto linanso lodziwika bwino ndikungoganiza kuti ma aloyi awa ndi osatha. Ndiwopanda dzimbiri, koma osatetezedwa. Tidawona chiwonongeko cha kupsinjika chiwombankhanga pagawo lopangidwa mwaluso pamafakitale. Choyambitsa chinali kufufuza mankhwala a sulfure mumtsinje wa mtsinje, omwe ma alloyswa amatha kukhala atcheru. Yankho lake silinali aloyi yosiyana, koma kusintha kwapangidwe kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono komanso chithandizo chochepa chapamtunda. Idalimbikitsa kuti kusankha zinthu ndi vuto la dongosolo.
The Real-World Application Tapestry
Ndiye kodi zonsezi zimabwera palimodzi? Yang'anani makampani aliwonse akukankhira zipangizo mpaka malire awo. Mu mafuta ndi gasi, ndi zida zapansi panthaka ndi mipando ya valve yoyang'ana mpweya wowawasa. Pokonza chakudya, ndi zinthu zovala zomwe zimayenera kukana dzimbiri kuchokera ku zinthu za acidic komanso kuthirira pafupipafupi. Popanga magetsi, imavala mphete ndi zosindikizira m'mapampu ogwiritsira ntchito abrasive fly ash slurries. Munjira iliyonse, Co 20 ndiye tikiti yolowera, koma pasipoti yomaliza imasindikizidwa ndi zosintha zingapo zazing'ono.
Phindu la wopanga silimangosungunuka ndikutsanulira muyeso. Zili mu chigamulo chochuluka-kudziwa pamene kupatuka pang'ono muzitsulo (chomwe nthawi zambiri chimanyalanyazidwa) kungakhudze kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa kasitomala wina, kapena momwe mungasinthire ma feed a Machining pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha kuti musatulutse carbides kuchokera pamwamba. Ichi ndi ntchito yosasangalatsa, yokhazikika mwatsatanetsatane yomwe imatanthawuza khalidwe.
Pamapeto pake, Ko 20 ndi woyambitsa zokambirana. Zimawonetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala m'malo apadera pakati pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ma nickel superalloys-nthawi zambiri zimapereka chiwongola dzanja chabwinoko pamtengo. Koma ntchito yake yopambana imadalira kusuntha kudutsa chizindikirocho. Zimafunika mgwirizano ndi wothandizira amene amamvetsetsa kuti chiwerengerocho ndi cholozera chabe, ndipo malo enieni ndi gawo lomwe limapulumuka ndikuchita bwino mu gehena yeniyeni yomwe mukufunikira. Ndiwo ulendo womwe tikuyenda nawo tsiku lililonse, kuchokera ku ng'anjo Mtengo wa QSY mpaka kusaina kwabwino komaliza pa bokosi lotumizira.
