Ngati mukufufuza zing'onozing'ono, zitsulo zovuta, mwinamwake mwakumanapo ndi mayina awiri a ndondomeko: Metal injection molding (MIM) ndi cast casting. Onse amalonjeza mawonekedwe apafupi ndi ukonde, onse amagwiritsa ntchito ma geometries ovuta, ndipo onsewa amatchulidwa ngati njira zina za gawo lomwelo. Komabe sasinthana. Kusankha pakati pawo kumakhudza ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida, kulolerana kotheka, kuchuluka kwa dongosolo, ndipo pamapeto pake mtengo wagawo pa voliyumu yanu yopanga.
Bukuli limafotokoza zomwe MIM imapereka, komwe imasiyana ndi kuyika ndalama, komanso momwe mungasankhire zomwe zikugwirizana ndi gawo lanu - m'malo mokakamiza gawo lanu kuchita zolakwika.
MIM Mwachiwonekere: Zomwe Njirayi Imapereka
Metal jakisoni akamaumba ndi wa ufa zitsulo banja. Fine zitsulo ufa amasakaniza ndi polima binder kuti apange feedstock, amene kenako jekeseni mu nkhungu—mofanana ndi pulasitiki jekeseni jekeseni. Gawo "lobiriwira" lomwe limatuluka limadutsa pochotsa chomangiracho, ndikutsatiridwa ndi sintering pa kutentha kwakukulu. Pakuwotcha, gawolo limachulukira ndikuchepa, nthawi zambiri limafikira kupitirira 95%.
Zotsatira za njirayi zimatanthawuza envulopu ya kuthekera kwa MIM:
Kukula kwa gawo. Zigawo zambiri za MIM zimalemera pakati pa 0.1 g ndi 50 g. Zigawo zofikira pafupifupi 200-240 g ndizotheka pochita, ngakhale kuti zabwino zake zachuma ndizochepera 50 g.
Kulekerera. Kulekerera kwa as-sintered nthawi zambiri kumagwera mkati mwa ± 0.5% ya gawo lodziwika bwino, ngakhale miyeso yaying'ono imatha kupirira zolimba kwambiri. Kalozera wololera woyimira amawonetsa ± 0.03 mm kukula kwa 3 mm, kukulitsa mpaka ± 0.5% pamiyeso yopitilira 60 mm. Izi ndizodziwika bwino; kuthekera kwenikweni kumatengera zinthu, geometry, ndi zida.
Kuchuluka kwa khoma. MIM imatha kuumba makoma mpaka pafupifupi 0.3 mm ngati chandamale chokhazikika. Makoma owonda amatha kukhala otheka pamikhalidwe yapadera komanso ma geometries abwino, koma 0.3 mm ndiye maziko enieni opangira kusasinthika.
Kumaliza pamwamba. Zigawo za Sintered MIM nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamtunda wa Ra 0.8-1.6 μm pazigawo zopangira, zomaliza bwino zomwe zingatheke pansi pa ufa wokongoletsedwa ndi zida.
Zipangizo. MIM imagwira ntchito bwino ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zotsika, ma aloyi a titaniyamu, ma aloyi amkuwa, ndi cobalt-chromium. Sikoyenera ku aluminiyamu ndi zinki chifukwa cha zovuta zamakutidwe ndi okosijeni panthawi ya debinding ndi sintering.
Momwe MIM imafananizira ndi Kuponya Ndalama: Kuwonongeka kwa Dimension-by-Dimension
Kuponyera ndalama - komwe kumatchedwanso kutaya sera - kumagwiritsa ntchito sera yomwe imakutidwa mu ceramic kupanga nkhungu, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka. Njira ziwirizi zimayenderana pakutha kupanga zitsulo zovuta, zazing'ono mpaka zapakatikati, koma zimasiyana pazigawo zingapo zofunika.
Kulekerera ndi Dimensional Consistency
Kulekerera kwa MIM as-sintered pafupifupi ± 0.5% ndi imodzi mwamalo ake ogulitsa kwambiri pazigawo zing'onozing'ono. Chifukwa gawolo limawumbidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo ndikuyikidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yoyendetsedwa bwino, kusasinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono pakupanga nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera.
Makalasi olekerera pakuponya ndalama amatchulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magiredi a ISO 8062-3 DCTG; magiredi othekera amadalira aloyi, dongosolo la zipolopolo, ndi kuthekera kopeza. Monga chisonyezero chambiri, kulolerana kwa ndalama zogulira ndalama ndi zotayirira kuposa za MIM ± 0.5% pazinthu zazing'ono, ngakhale zingakhale zokwanira kukula kwakukulu komwe kukula kwa MIM kumapangitsa kuti zisagwire ntchito. Kwa magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, MIM nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi m'mphepete; kwa zigawo zazikulu zokhala ndi zololera zolimbitsa thupi, kuponya ndalama nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira.
Kukula Kochepa Kwambiri ndi Makulidwe a Khoma
Apa ndi pamene njira ziwirizi zimasiyana mowonekera. Zakudya zomangira ufa za MIM zimalowa muzinthu zabwino kwambiri za nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa makoma kufika pafupifupi 0.3 mm ndi timabowo tating'ono, mipata, ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe angakhale ovuta kapena osatheka kuponya. Kuponyera ndalama kumatha kupanga makoma owonda kwambiri - nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa 1.0-1.5 mm kutengera aloyi ndi geometry - koma zimalimbana ndi mawonekedwe a submillimeter omwe MIM imagwira pafupipafupi. Ngati mapangidwe anu ali ndi nthiti zopyapyala, zopindika bwino, kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono akhungu, MIM ndiyokwanira mwachilengedwe.
Gawo Kukula ndi Kulemera kwake
Malo okoma a zachuma a MIM ndi tizigawo tating'ono: pansi pa 50 g, ndipo kawirikawiri kupitirira 200 g. Kuyika ndalama kumaphatikizapo kukula kokulirapo, kuyambira magalamu angapo mpaka kupitirira 100 kg, ngakhale kumakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri pazigawo zokulirapo pomwe kubweza kwa zida za MIM kumakhala koletsedwa. Kwa bulaketi ya 5 g, njira zonse ziwiri zimatha kunena; panyumba ya 500 g, kuponya ndalama ndi chisankho chothandiza.
Pamwamba Pamwamba
Malo a Sintered MIM nthawi zambiri amakhala osalala kuposa momwe amapangira ndalama. MIM imakwaniritsa Ra 0.8-1.6 μm pazigawo zopanga popanda ntchito zina. Investment kuponyera pamwamba mapeto zimadalira dongosolo zipolopolo; Mawonekedwe owoneka ngati oponyedwa ali mumtundu wa Ra 6.3-12.5 μm, zomaliza zosalala zimatheka kudzera pakuwongolera njira. Njira zonse ziwiri zimatha kupukutidwa kapena kupangidwa kuti zitheke bwino, koma MIM nthawi zambiri imafuna kusamalitsa pang'ono pogwira ntchito.
Kusinthasintha Kwazinthu
Kuponyera ndalama kumavomereza mitundu yambiri ya aloyi chifukwa nkhungu ya ceramic imapirira kutentha kwambiri ndipo sichimasungunuka mofanana ndi makina a MIM. Nickel superalloys, ma aloyi a cobalt, ndi aluminiyamu ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. MIM imangokhala ndi ma alloys omwe amatha kukhala atomu kukhala ufa wabwino ndikukonzedwa kudzera mu debinding ndi sintering popanda makutidwe ndi okosijeni wambiri kapena kuipitsidwa kotsalira. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zotsika kwambiri zimalamulira kupanga MIM; titaniyamu ndi zotheka koma wovuta kwambiri; aluminiyumu nthawi zambiri siyoyenera.
Katundu Wamakina ndi Kachulukidwe
Zigawo za Sintered MIM zimafikira 95-99% kachulukidwe kaganizidwe, ndi makina amakina akuyandikira zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma aloyi ambiri. Zochita zandalama zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ngati momwe zimakhalira koma zitha kukhala ndi shrinkage porosity kutengera mayendedwe ndi kulimba. Kufananitsako sikophweka: pa aloyi yopatsidwa, MIM ikhoza kupereka kukana kutopa chifukwa cha microstructure yabwino, pamene kuponya ndalama kungapereke ductility bwino mu zigawo wandiweyani. Kufananitsa koyenera kumadalira pa aloyi yeniyeni ndi katundu.
Economics: Pamene MIM Imapanga Malingaliro Azachuma (ndipo Pamene Sizitero)
Zida za MIM ndizokwera mtengo. Chikombole chapang'onopang'ono kapena chapang'onopang'ono chimawononga pafupifupi $8,000 mpaka $30,000, kukwera pazida zovuta zambiri. Ndalamazo ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pamtengo wopangira. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopindulitsa pazachuma pafupifupi magawo 5,000-10,000 pachaka, ndi malire ake kutengera zovuta zina, mtengo wazinthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa mazenera.
Zida zopangira ndalama - jekeseni wa sera - nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa zida za MIM. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zopangira ndalama zizipezeka mosavuta pama voliyumu otsika, ma prototyping, ndi mapangidwe omwe angasinthebe. Zochitika m'mafakitale zimachititsa kuti phindu likhale lochepa kwambiri kufika pa magawo 10,000 mpaka 15,000 pachaka, zomwe pansi pake kuyika ndalama nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo pazinthu zofananira.
Tanthauzo lothandizira pakufufuza ndi losavuta: ngati zomwe mukufuna pachaka zili pansi pa zidutswa masauzande angapo, kuyika ndalama kungakhale chisankho chochepa chandalama. Ngati mukuyembekeza kuti voliyumu yokhazikika pamwamba pa mayunitsi 5,000-10,000 ndipo gawo lanu likugwirizana ndi kukula kwa MIM ndi ma envulopu, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kumatha kubweza ndalama zotsika mtengo ndikuchepetsa makina achiwiri.
Zochitika Zoyenera ndi Zosayenera: Chigamulo Chothandiza
M'malo molengeza kuti njira imodzi ndiyopambana, funso lofunika ndilakuti: ndi njira iti yomwe ikufanana ndi gawo ili, pa buku lino, ndi zofunika izi?
Tsatirani ku MIM pamene:
- Gawolo limalemera pansi pa ~ 50 g ndipo limalowa m'manja mwanu.
- Geometry imaphatikizapo makoma owonda (ofikira 0.3 mm), tsatanetsatane wa pamwamba, kapena mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono opingasa.
- Voliyumu yapachaka imakhala kapena kupitilira apo pafupifupi zidutswa 5,000-10,000.
- Aloyi ndi a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chochepa cha alloy, kapena titaniyamu chomwe chimakhazikitsidwa bwino mu MIM feedstock supply.
- Zofunikira zololera ndizolimba kotero kuti kuyika ndalama kungafune makina achiwiri.
Tsatirani kuponya ndalama pamene:
- Gawolo ndi lalikulu kapena lolemera kuposa kuchuluka kwachuma kwa MIM.
- Voliyumu yapachaka ndi yotsika (chifaniziro chodutsa masauzande otsika).
- Aloyiyo ndi faifi tambala superalloy, aluminiyamu, kapena zinthu zina zosakwanira MIM feedstock.
- Mapangidwewo akadali akusintha ndipo mukufuna kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodula za MIM.
- Zofunikira zololera zimakhala zocheperako komanso zotheka ndi miyeso ya as-cast kuphatikiza makina osankha.
Zonsezi zitha kukhala zotheka pamene:
- Gawoli ndi laling'ono koma osati lovuta kwambiri, ndipo voliyumu imakhala pakati pa 5,000-15,000.
- Aloyi ndi wamba njira zonse (mwachitsanzo, 17-4PH zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri).
- Muzochitika izi, kupempha ma quotes kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe amapereka njira zonse ziwiri ndi njira yodalirika yofananizira mtengo weniweni, m'malo modalira malamulo achinsinsi.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi MIM ingalowe m'malo mwa kuyika ndalama pagawo langa?
Zimatengera kukula, voliyumu, ndi tsatanetsatane wake. MIM imapambana pazigawo zing'onozing'ono, zovuta m'mabuku apamwamba. Ngati gawo lanu liri pansi pa ~ 50 g, limafunikira mawonekedwe abwino, ndipo mumafunikira masauzande a mayunitsi pachaka, MIM ndiwankhoswe wamphamvu. Ngati gawolo ndi lalikulu kapena mawu anu ndi ochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri.
Kodi kuchuluka kwa madongosolo a MIM ndi otani poyerekeza ndi kuyika ndalama?
MIM sinatchulidwe m'munsimu zidutswa zikwi zingapo chifukwa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida zimalamulira; Pansi pa malirewo, kubweza kwa zida kumapangitsa mtengo wagawo lililonse kukhala wosapikisana ndi kuponyera kapena kupanga. Kutulutsa ndalama kumatha kukhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri, kuphatikiza ma prototypes komanso kupanga pang'ono.
Ndi njira iti yomwe imakwaniritsa kulolerana kokulirapo?
Pamiyeso yaying'ono, MIM nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kulolerana kolimba ngati-sintered (± 0.5% wamba, wokhala ndi zotsika kwambiri pazinthu zazing'ono). Zololera zowononga ndalama zimakhala zomasuka pazinthu zazing'ono koma zimatha kukhala zokulirapo pomwe MIM siyiyenera kukula.
Kodi mbali za MIM zitha kutenthedwa kapena kusinthidwa pambuyo pa sintering?
Inde. Zigawo za Sintered MIM zitha kutenthedwa, kupangidwa makina, kupukutidwa, ndikukutidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba. Nthawi zambiri, MIM imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa makina ofunikira poyerekeza ndi kuponyera, koma ntchito zachiwiri zimakhalabe zotheka pamene zikufunika.
Ndi zida ziti zomwe zili zovuta kapena zosatheka kwa MIM?
Aluminiyamu ndi zinki nthawi zambiri sizoyenera chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kuyanjana kwa ma binder. High-melting-point superalloys ikhoza kukhala yotheka mwaukadaulo koma imakhala yocheperako. Kutulutsa kwa Investment kumakwirira mitundu yonse ya aloyi.
Kutsiliza: Kufananiza Njira ndi Gawo
MIM ndi kuponya ndalama sizipikisana mwanjira yopambana. Amakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana a kukula-volume-complexity space. MIM imapereka kulondola kwapadera komanso tsatanetsatane wa magawo ang'onoang'ono pama voliyumu apamwamba, koma imafuna ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida zomwe zimamveka ngati kuchuluka kwa kupanga kukutsimikizira. Kuponyera ndalama kumapereka kusinthasintha kwazinthu zambiri komanso zotchinga zochepetsera zida, pamtengo wa kulolerana kosalekeza komanso kuthekera kochepa kwa mawonekedwe a submillimeter.
Njira yodalirika kwambiri yopitira patsogolo ndikuwunika gawo lanu molingana ndi miyeso iyi, kukula, mawonekedwe, aloyi, kulolerana, ndi voliyumu yapachaka - ndiyeno pemphani mawu atsatanetsatane kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe angawonetse luso lawo ndi onse awiri. Perekani chithunzithunzi chofananacho ndi kuneneratu kwa voliyumu pa mtengo uliwonse, ndipo funsani wogulitsa kuti apereke chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi zomwe sangakwanitse. Gawo lomwe limawoneka ngati woyimira bwino wa MIM papepala litha kuwulula zida kapena zovuta zapantchito; momwemonso, ndalama zopangira ndalama zitha kukudabwitsani pakulolera. Lolani gawo ndi zenizeni zopanga zisankhe.
