Niba urimo gushakisha ibintu bito, bigoye byuma, ushobora kuba warahuye namazina abiri yuburyo: gushushanya ibyuma (MIM) no gushora imari. Byombi bisezeranya hafi-net ishusho, byombi bikora geometrike igoye, kandi byombi bisubirwamo nkibisanzwe kubice bimwe. Nyamara ntibishobora guhinduka. Guhitamo hagati yabo bigira ingaruka kubikoresho byishoramari, kwihanganira kugerwaho, umubare ntarengwa wateganijwe, kandi amaherezo igiciro cyibicuruzwa byawe.
Aka gatabo karasenya ibyo MIM itanga mubyukuri, aho itandukana no gushora imari, nuburyo bwo guhitamo inzira ihuye nigice cyawe - aho guhatira uruhare rwawe muburyo butari bwo.
MIM iyo urebye: Ibyo inzira itanga mubyukuri
Kubumba ibyuma byatewe ni ifu yumuryango wa metallurgie. Ifu nziza yicyuma ivangwa na polymer binder kugirango ikore ibiryo, hanyuma bigaterwa mu cyuho kibumbabumbwe - kimwe no guterwa inshinge. Igice cya "icyatsi" cyavuyemo kinyuranya no gukuraho binder, hagakurikiraho gucumura mubushyuhe bwinshi. Mugihe cyo gucumura, igice kiragabanuka kandi kigabanuka, mubisanzwe bigera hejuru ya 95% yubucucike.
Ingaruka zifatika ziki gikorwa zisobanura ibahasha ya MIM:
Ingano y'ibice bisanzwe. Ibice byinshi bya MIM bipima hagati ya 0.1 g na 50 g. Ibice bigera kuri 200-240 g birashoboka mubikorwa, nubwo ubukungu bwiza buri munsi ya 50 g.
Ubworoherane. Nkuko kwihanganira kwihanganira muri rusange biri muri ± 0.5% byurwego rwizina, nubwo ibipimo bito bishobora kugera ku kwihanganira byimazeyo. Igitabo cyihanganira kwihanganira cyerekana ± 0,03 mm kubipimo biri munsi ya mm 3, bipima ± 0.5% kubipimo biri hejuru ya mm 60. Izi ni indangagaciro zisanzwe; ubushobozi nyabwo buterwa nibikoresho, geometrie, nibikoresho.
Uburebure bw'urukuta ntarengwa. MIM irashobora kubumba inkuta kugera kuri mm 0.3 nkintego isanzwe. Urukuta ruto rushobora gushoboka mugihe kidasanzwe na geometrike nziza, ariko mm 0.3 ni ishingiro ryibanze ryumusaruro uhoraho.
Kurangiza. Ibice bya MIM byacapwe mubisanzwe bigera kubutaka buringaniye bwa Ra 0.8-1,6 mkm kubice byumusaruro, hamwe nibirangiza neza bigerwaho mugihe cya poro nziza kandi ikoreshwa neza.
Ibikoresho. MIM ikora neza hamwe nicyuma kidafite ingese, ibyuma bito-bito, amavuta ya titanium, amavuta yumuringa, na cobalt-chromium. Ntibikwiranye na aluminium na zinc kubera ibibazo bya okiside mugihe cyo gutesha agaciro no gucumura.
Uburyo MIM igereranya no gushora imari: Igipimo-by-Kugabanuka
Gutera ishoramari-byitwa no guta ibishashara byatakaye - bifashisha ibishashara bikozwe mu ibumba kugira ngo bibumbwe, hanyuma byuzuzwa ibyuma bishongeshejwe. Inzira zombi zuzuzanya mubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora ibintu bigoye, bito-bito-byuma byuma, ariko biratandukana kubintu byinshi bikomeye.
Ubworoherane no Guhuza Ibipimo
MIM yihanganira kwihanganira hafi ± 0.5% nimwe mubintu bikomeye byo kugurisha kubice bito. Kuberako igice kibumbabumbwe mu cyuho cyuma kandi kigacumura mugihe cyagenzuwe, guhuza ibipimo murwego rwo hejuru byakozwe murwego rwo hejuru.
Amanota yo kwihanganira gushora imari asobanurwa hifashishijwe amanota ISO 8062-3 DCTG; amanota yagerwaho biterwa na alloy, shell sisitemu, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushinga. Nkikigaragaza muri rusange, kwihanganira gushora imari biroroshye kurenza MIM ± 0.5% kubintu bito, nubwo bishobora kuba bihagije kubipimo binini aho ingano ya MIM ituma bidakorwa neza. Kubice bifite ibintu bito byingenzi, MIM mubisanzwe ifite impande; kubice binini hamwe nibisabwa kwihanganira mu rugero, gushora imari ni Byinshi.
Ingano ntoya nubunini bwurukuta
Aha niho inzira zombi zitandukanye cyane. Ifu ya MIM ifu-binder itembera neza muburyo bwiza, ifasha inkuta kumanuka kugera kuri mm 0.3 hamwe nuduce duto twambukiranya, uduce, hamwe nubuso bwubutaka bwaba bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka guta. Gutera ishoramari birashobora gutanga inkuta zoroheje - mubisanzwe mu ntera ya mm 1.0-1.5 bitewe na alloy na geometrie - ariko irwana na sub-milimetero MIM ikora buri gihe. Niba igishushanyo cyawe kirimo imbavu zoroshye, gutobora neza, cyangwa utwobo duto duhumye, MIM nuburyo bwiza busanzwe.
Ingano yuburemere nuburemere
Ubukungu bwa MIM ahantu heza ni ibice bito: munsi ya g 50, kandi gake birenze 200 g. Gutera ishoramari bikubiyemo intera nini cyane, kuva kuri garama nkeya kugeza hejuru ya kg 100, nubwo birushanwe cyane kubice biri hejuru yubunini aho ibikoresho bya MIM byo gukuramo ibikoresho bibuza. Kuri 5 g bracket, inzira zombi zirashobora gusubiramo; kumazu ya 500 g, gushora imari nuguhitamo gufatika.
Kurangiza
Ubuso bwa MIM bugaragara mubisanzwe biroroshye kuruta gushora imari. MIM igera kuri Ra 0.8-1,6 mkm kubice byumusaruro nta bikorwa bya kabiri. Ishoramari ryo guta hejuru kurangiza biterwa na shell sisitemu; Ubusanzwe as-cast isura iri murwego rwa Ra 6.3–12.5 mm, hamwe nibirangiza byoroshye kugerwaho binyuze mugucunga inzira. Inzira zombi zirashobora guhanagurwa cyangwa gutunganywa kugirango zirangire neza, ariko MIM akenshi isaba bike nyuma yo gutunganyirizwa hejuru yimikorere.
Guhindura ibikoresho
Gushora imari byemera ibintu byinshi bivanze kuko ifumbire ya ceramic ihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi ntigire icyo ikora hamwe no gushonga kimwe na sisitemu ya MIM. Nickel superalloys, cobalt alloys, na aluminium nibisanzwe bishora imari. MIM igarukira gusa ku mavuta ashobora guterwa ifu nziza kandi igatunganywa binyuze mu gusiba no gucumura nta okiside ikabije cyangwa yanduye. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hamwe nicyuma gito-cyiganjemo umusaruro wa MIM; titanium irashoboka ariko irasaba cyane; aluminium muri rusange ntabwo ikwiye.
Ibikoresho bya mashini nubucucike
Ibice bya MIM byacumuye bigera kuri 95-99% yubucucike bwimyumvire, hamwe nubukanishi bwegera ibikoresho bikozwe mumavuta menshi. Igishoro cyishoramari cyuzuye muburyo bwa as-cast ariko birashobora kuba birimo kugabanuka gukabije bitewe no kwinjirira no gukomera. Kugereranya ntabwo ari urutonde rworoshye: kubintu byatanzwe, MIM irashobora gutanga umunaniro mwiza kubera microstructure nziza, mugihe ishoramari rishobora gutanga ihindagurika ryiza mubice byimbitse. Kugereranya gukwiye guterwa nuruvange rwihariye hamwe nu mutwaro.
Ubukungu: Iyo MIM Yumvise Amafaranga (kandi Iyo Atabikora)
Ibikoresho bya MIM bihenze. Ubusanzwe icyuma kimwe cyangwa icyuho gito kigura amadolari 8,000 kugeza 30.000 $, bikazamuka kubikoresho bigoye cyane. Ishoramari rigomba kugabanywa ku bwinshi bw'umusaruro. Ubusanzwe inzira irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mubukungu hafi 5.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000
Igikoresho cyo gushora imari-inshinge zipfa gupfa-muri rusange ntabwo zihenze kuruta ibikoresho bya MIM. Ibi bituma ishoramari rishobora kugera kubunini buke, prototyping, hamwe nibishushanyo bishobora gukomeza guhinduka. Uburambe mu nganda bushyira imipaka ifatika mu bihumbi bike kugeza ku bice 10,000- 15.000 ku mwaka, munsi aho gushora imari akenshi bihendutse kubice bigereranijwe.
Inshingano ifatika yo gushakisha isoko iroroshye: niba ibyo usabwa buri mwaka biri munsi yibihumbi bike, gushora imari birashoboka guhitamo amafaranga make. Niba witeze ko ingano ihamye hejuru ya 5.000-10,000 kandi igice cyawe gihuye nubunini bwa MIM hamwe n ibahasha iranga, ishoramari ryibikoresho byinshi rishobora kwishyura binyuze mubiciro bito no kugabanya imashini ya kabiri.
Ibihe bikwiye kandi bidakwiriye: Igitabo gifatika
Aho gutangaza inzira imwe isumba izindi, ikibazo cyingirakamaro ni: niyihe nzira ihuye niki gice, kuri iki gitabo, hamwe nibisabwa?
Wishingikirize kuri MIM iyo:
- Igice gipima munsi ya ~ 50 g kandi gihuye mukiganza cyawe.
- Geometrie ikubiyemo urukuta ruto (rwegera mm 0.3), ibisobanuro birambuye hejuru, cyangwa utuntu duto duto.
- Ingano yumwaka iri cyangwa hejuru yibice 5.000.000.
- Umuti ni a ibyuma, ibyuma-bivanze cyane, cyangwa titanium yashizweho neza mugutanga ibiryo bya MIM.
- Ubworoherane busabwa burahagije kuburyo gushora imari byasaba gutunganya kabiri.
Wishingikirize ku ishoramari iyo:
- Igice kinini cyangwa kiremereye kuruta ubukungu bwa MIM.
- Ingano yumwaka ni mike (prototype ikoresheje ibihumbi-ibihumbi).
- Amavuta ni nikel superalloy, aluminium, cyangwa ikindi kintu kidakwiriye kugaburira MIM.
- Igishushanyo kiracyatera imbere kandi urashaka kwirinda kwiyemeza gukoresha ibikoresho bya MIM bihenze.
- Ubworoherane busabwa buringaniye kandi buragerwaho hamwe nu bipimo byongeyeho imashini yatoranijwe.
Byombi birashobora kuba byiza iyo:
- Igice ni gito ariko nticyoroshye cyane, kandi ingano yicaye murwego rwa 5,000-15,000.
- Amavuta asanzwe mubikorwa byombi (urugero, 17-4PH ibyuma bitagira umwanda).
- Muri ibi bihe, gusaba amagambo yatanzwe nababitanga batanga inzira zombi nuburyo bwizewe bwo kugereranya ibiciro nyabyo, aho gushingira kumategeko rusange yintoki.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
MIM irashobora gusimbuza ishoramari kuruhande rwanjye?
Biterwa nubunini, ingano, nibiranga ibisobanuro. MIM iruta ibice bito, bigoye mubice byinshi. Niba igice cyawe kiri munsi ya ~ 50 g, gisaba ibintu byiza, kandi ukeneye ibice ibihumbi buri mwaka, MIM numukandida ukomeye. Niba igice ari kinini cyangwa ingano yawe iri hasi, gushora imari birashobora kuguma mubikorwa.
Nibihe ntarengwa byateganijwe kuri MIM ugereranije no gushora imari?
MIM ntabwo isanzwe ivugwa munsi yibice bike kuko ibiciro byo gukoresha byiganje; munsi yurwo rugabano, ibikoresho byo guhindura amortisation bituma igiciro kuri buri gice kidahiganwa kurwanya casting cyangwa gutunganya. Gushora imari birashobora kuba ubukungu mububiko buke cyane, harimo prototypes hamwe nibikorwa bito.
Ni ubuhe buryo bugera ku kwihanganira gukomera?
Ku bipimo bito, MIM muri rusange ifite kwihanganira kwihanganira (± 0.5% bisanzwe, hamwe nagaciro gakomeye kubintu bito). Kwihanganira gushora imari biroroha kubintu bito ariko birashobora kuba bihagije murwego runini aho MIM idakwiriye.
Ibice bya MIM birashobora kuvurwa cyangwa gukoreshwa nyuma yo gucumura?
Yego. Ibice bya MIM byacumuye birashobora kuvurwa ubushyuhe, gutunganywa, gusukwa, no gutwikirwa hakoreshejwe inzira zisanzwe. Mubihe byinshi, MIM igabanya umubare wa imashini isabwa ugereranije no gukina, ariko ibikorwa bya kabiri bikomeza bishoboka aho bikenewe.
Nibihe bikoresho bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kuri MIM?
Aluminium na zinc muri rusange ntibikwiye kubera okiside hamwe nibibazo byimikoranire. Hejuru-gushonga-ingingo ya superalloys irashobora kuba tekinike ariko ntibisanzwe. Gutera ishoramari bikubiyemo intera yagutse muri rusange.
Umwanzuro: Guhuza Inzira Igice
MIM no gushora imari ntabwo bahanganye mubatsinze-gufata-byose. Bafite uturere dutandukanye twubunini - ingano - umwanya utoroshye. MIM itanga ibisobanuro bidasanzwe hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye kubice bito ku bwinshi, ariko isaba gukoresha igishoro cyumvikana gusa iyo umusaruro wabyo ubyemeje. Ishoramari ritanga ibintu byinshi byoroshye guhinduka hamwe nimbogamizi zo hasi zikoreshwa, ku giciro cyo kwihanganira ibintu byoroshye kandi ubushobozi buke kubiranga milimetero.
Inzira yizewe cyane imbere ni ugusuzuma igice cyawe kirwanya ibipimo - ingano, ibiranga ibisobanuro, ibivanze, kwihanganira, hamwe nubunini bwumwaka - hanyuma ugasaba amagambo yihariye yatanzwe nabatanga isoko bashobora kwerekana uburambe hamwe byombi. Tanga igishushanyo kimwe nubunini buteganijwe kuri buri cote, hanyuma usabe uwaguhaye ibendera ibishushanyo mbonera byose biri hanze yubushobozi bwabo busanzwe. Igice gisa nkumukandida wa MIM wuzuye kumpapuro gishobora kwerekana ibikoresho cyangwa imbogamizi zifatika mubikorwa; kimwe, amagambo yatanzwe yishoramari arashobora kugutangaza kubushobozi bwo kwihanganira. Reka igice hamwe nukuri kubyakozwe.
