Ukuba ukhangela izinto ezincinci, ezintsonkothileyo zetsimbi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba udibene namagama amabini enkqubo: ukubumba inaliti yentsimbi (MIM) kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali. Zombini zithembisa iimilo ezikufutshane ne-net, zombini zibamba iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye zombini zicatshulwa rhoqo njengezinye iindlela zenxalenye enye. Nangona kunjalo azitshintshi. Ukhetho phakathi kwabo luchaphazela utyalo-mali lwezixhobo, unyamezelo olufikelelekayo, ubuncinci bomthamo weodolo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ixabiso leyunithi kumthamo wakho wemveliso.
Esi sikhokelo sichitha oko kuziswa yi-MIM ngokwenene, apho iyahlukana khona kwi-investment casting, kunye nendlela yokugqiba ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo ehambelana nenxalenye yakho-kunokuba unyanzelise inxalenye yakho kwinkqubo engalunganga.
I-MIM Ngokukrwaqula: Yintoni Ehanjiswa Yinkqubo
Ukubumba inaliti yesinyithi kusapho lomgubo wesinyithi. Umgubo ocolekileyo wesinyithi uxutywe kunye ne-polymer binder ukwenza i-feedstock, ethi emva koko ifakwe kwi-mold cavity-efana nokubumba inaliti yeplastiki. Isiphumo "esiluhlaza" inxalenye idlula kwi-debinding ukususa i-binder, ilandelwa yi-sintering kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Ngexesha le-sintering, inxalenye iyaxinana kwaye iyancipha, ifikelela ngaphaya kwe-95% yoxinaniso lwethiyori.
Iimpembelelo ezisebenzayo zale nkqubo zichaza imvulophu yesakhono seMIM:
Ubungakanani benxalenye eqhelekileyo. Uninzi lwamalungu eMIM anobunzima obuphakathi kwe-0.1 g kunye ne-50 g. Iinxalenye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200-240 g zinokwenzeka ekusebenzeni, nangona i-optimum yezoqoqosho ingaphantsi kwe-50 g.
Ukunyamezelana. Ukunyamezelana njenge-sintered ngokubanzi kuwela ngaphakathi kwe ±0.5% yedimension yegama, nangona imilinganiselo emincinci inokufikelela kukunyamezelana okuqinileyo. Isikhokelo sonyamezelo esimeleyo sibonisa ±0.03 mm kwimilinganiselo engaphantsi kwe-3 mm, ukukala ukuya ku-±0.5% kwimilinganiselo engaphezu kwe-60 mm. La ngamaxabiso aqhelekileyo; ubunakho bokwenyani buxhomekeke kwimathiriyeli, ijometri, kunye nezixhobo.
Ubuncinci bobunzima bodonga. I-MIM inokubumba iindonga ukuya kutsho malunga ne-0.3 mm njengenjongo yoyilo oluqhelekileyo. Iindonga ezibhityileyo zinokubakho phantsi kweemeko ezikhethekileyo kunye neejometri ezithandekayo, kodwa i-0.3 mm sisiseko esisebenzayo sokuhambelana kwemveliso.
Ukugqitywa komphezulu. Amalungu e-MIM e-Sintered aqhele ukufezekisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu kuluhlu lwe-Ra 0.8-1.6 μm kumacandelo emveliso, kunye nokugqitywa okucokisekileyo okufezekisiweyo phantsi komgubo owenziwe kakuhle kunye neemeko zesixhobo.
Izinto eziphathekayo. I-MIM isebenza kakuhle ngeentsimbi ezingenastainless, iintsimbi eziphantsi-alloy, iialloys zetitanium, iialloys zobhedu, kunye cobalt-chromium. Ayifanelekanga kangako kwi-aluminiyam kunye ne-zinc ngenxa yemicimbi ye-oxidation ngexesha lokudibanisa kunye ne-sintering.
Njani iMIM ithelekiseka noTyalo-mali lokuCalwa: Uqhekeko lweDimension-by-Dimension
I-investment casting-ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-wax casting elahlekileyo-isebenzisa ipateni ye-wax eqatywe nge-ceramic ukwenza i-mold, ethi emva koko izaliswe yintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ezi nkqubo zimbini ziyadibana kubuchule bazo bokuvelisa iinxalenye zentsimbi ezintsonkothileyo ukuya kweziphakathi, kodwa ziyahlukana kwiiparamitha ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.
Unyamezelo kunye noKuhambelana koMda
I-MIM's as-sintered tolerance of ± 0.5% yenye yezona ndawo zinamandla zokuthengisa iindawo ezincinci. Ngenxa yokuba inxalenye ibunjwe kumngxunya wentsimbi kwaye ifakwe phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo, ukungaguquguquki kwedimensional kuyo yonke imveliso iphezulu.
Amanqanaba okunyamezela okwenziwa kotyalo-mali achazwe ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa amabakala e-ISO 8062-3 DCTG; amabakala afikelelekayo axhomekeke kwi-alloy, inkqubo yeqokobhe, kunye nesakhono se-Foundry. Njengombonakaliso oqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela ukuchithwa kwe-investment kukhululekile kune-MIM's ± 0.5% kwiimpawu ezincinci, nangona zinokwanela kwimilinganiselo emikhulu apho ukulinganiselwa kobukhulu beMIM kwenza ukuba kungabi yinto esebenzayo. Kwiindawo ezineempawu ezincinci ezibalulekileyo, i-MIM inomphetho; kwiindawo ezinkulu ezineemfuno zonyamezelo oluphakathi, utyalo mali ihlala yanele.
Ubuncinci boBume beFeature kunye nokutyeba kweDonga
Kulapho ezi nkqubo zimbini zahluke kakhulu ngokubonakalayo. I-MIM ye-powder-binder feedstock iqukuqela kwiinkcukacha zokubumba ezintle, ivumela iindonga ukuba zihle ziye malunga ne-0.3 mm kunye nemingxuma emincinci enqamlezayo, iindawo zokubeka, kunye nokwenziwa komphezulu onokuthi kube nzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukuphosa. Ukuchithwa kotyalo-mali kunokuvelisa iindonga ezincinci-ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-1.0-1.5 mm ububanzi ngokuxhomekeke kwi-alloy kunye nejometri-kodwa inzima kunye neempawu ezingaphantsi kweemilimitha eziphathwa yi-MIM ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukuba uyilo lwakho lubandakanya iimbambo ezibhityileyo, ukugoba kakuhle, okanye imingxunya emincinci engaboniyo, iMIM yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yendalo.
Ubungakanani benxalenye kunye nobunzima
Indawo emnandi yezoqoqosho ye-MIM yinxalenye encinci: ngaphantsi kwe-50 g, kwaye ayifane ibe ngaphaya kwe-200 g. Utyalo-mali lugubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu, ukusuka kwiigram ezimbalwa ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-100 kg, nangona ilona xabiso likhuphisanayo kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kobukhulu apho i-MIM's tooling amortization iba yinto engavumelekanga. Kwi-bracket ye-5 g, zombini iinkqubo zinokucaphula; kwi-500 g yezindlu, ukuphosa utyalo-mali lukhetho olusebenzayo.
Umphezulu Gqiba
Imiphezulu ye-MIM ye-Sintered idla ngokuba mtyibilizi kunendawo yokuphosa kutyalo-mali. I-MIM ifezekisa i-Ra 0.8-1.6 μm kwiindawo zokuvelisa ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yesibini. Ukugqitywa kotyalo-mali kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yeqokobhe; imiphezulu efana ne-cast-cast ikuluhlu lwe-Ra 6.3-12.5 μm, kunye nokugqitywa okugudileyo okufezekiswayo ngolawulo lwenkqubo. Zombini ezi nkqubo zinokugudiswa okanye zenziwe ngoomatshini ukuze zigqitywe kakuhle, kodwa i-MIM ihlala ifuna kancinci emva kokulungiswa komphezulu osebenzayo.
Izinto eziphathekayo
Ukuphosa utyalo-mali kwamkela uluhlu olubanzi lwee-alloys ngenxa yokuba i-ceramic mold iyamelana namaqondo aphezulu kwaye ayisebenzi ngokunyibilika ngendlela efanayo ne-MIM's binder system. I-nickel superalloys, i-cobalt alloys, kunye ne-aluminium ziyi-investment investment cast. I-MIM inqunyelwe kwii-alloys ezinokuthi zifakwe kwi-atomized zibe ngumgubo ococekileyo kwaye zicutshungulwe ngokudibanisa kunye ne-sintering ngaphandle kwe-oxidation eninzi okanye ukungcoliswa okushiyekileyo. Iintsimbi ezingenasici kunye ne-low-alloy steels zilawula ukuveliswa kwe-MIM; i-titanium inokwenzeka kodwa ifuna ngakumbi; aluminiyam ayifanelekanga ngokubanzi.
IiPropati zoomatshini kunye noXinano
Amalungu e-MIM e-Sintered afikelela kwi-95-99% yoxinaniso lwethiyori, kunye neempawu zoomatshini ezisondela kwizinto ezenziweyo kwiialloys ezininzi. Utyalo-mali luxinene ngokupheleleyo kwimeko ye-as-cast kodwa lusenokuba ne-shrinkage porosity ngokuxhomekeke kwisango kunye nokuqina. Uthelekiso asiloluhlu olulula: kwialloyi enikiweyo, iMIM inokubonelela ngokuxhathisa ukudinwa okungcono ngenxa yemicrostructure ephucukileyo, ngelixa utyalo-mali lunokubonelela nge-ductility engcono kumacandelo ashinyeneyo. Ukuthelekisa okufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwi-alloy ethile kunye necala lomthwalo.
UQoqosho: Xa i-MIM Isenza Ingqiqo yezeMali (kwaye xa ingenzi)
Isixhobo seMIM siyabiza. Isiqhelo somngxunya omnye okanye umngxuma osezantsi uxabisa malunga ne-8,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-30,000 yeedola, ukunyuka kwisixhobo esintsonkothileyo se-multi-cavity. Olo tyalo-mali kufuneka luncitshiswe kumthamo wemveliso. Inkqubo idla ngokusebenza ngokwezoqoqosho kwiindawo ezimalunga ne-5,000-10,000 ngonyaka, kunye nenqanaba elichanekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yobunzima, iindleko zemathiriyeli, kunye nokubalwa kwecango.
Isixhobo sokuphosa utyalo-mali-inaliti yewax iyafa-ngokuqhelekileyo ibiza ngaphantsi kune-MIM tooling. Oku kwenza ukuba utyalo-mali lufikeleleke ngakumbi kwimithamo esezantsi, iprototyping, kunye noyilo olusenokuvela. Amava oshishino abeka i-crossover ebonakalayo kumawaka asezantsi ukuya kwi-10,000-15,000 iinxalenye ngonyaka, apho utyalo-mali ludla ngokungabizi kakhulu kwiindawo ezithelekisekayo.
Impembelelo ebambekayo ekufumaneni izinto ilula: ukuba imfuno yakho yonyaka ingaphantsi kwamawaka ambalwa amaqhekeza, utyalo-mali lunokuba lolona khetho lomngcipheko ophantsi wemali. Ukuba ulindele umthamo ozinzileyo ngaphezulu kweeyunithi ezimalunga ne-5,000-10,000 kwaye inxalenye yakho ilingana nobukhulu be-MIM kunye nemvulophu yeempawu, utyalo-mali oluphezulu lwezixhobo lunokuhlawula ngeendleko eziphantsi zeyunithi kunye nokunciphisa umatshini wesibini.
Iimeko ezifanelekileyo nezingafanelekanga: Isikhokelo seSigqibo esiSebenzayo
Kunokuba kubhengezwe inkqubo enye iphezulu, umbuzo oluncedo ngulo: yeyiphi inkqubo ehambelana nale nxalenye, kulo mqulu, kunye nezi mfuno?
Yaya kwi-MIM xa:
- Inxalenye inobunzima obungaphantsi kwe ~50 g kwaye ingena entendeni yesandla sakho.
- Ijometri ibandakanya iindonga ezinqabileyo (ezisondela kwi-0.3 mm), iinkcukacha ezintle, okanye izinto ezincinci ezinqamlezileyo.
- Umthamo wonyaka ukwi-5,000–10,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwamaqhekeza.
- Ingxubevange yi a intsimbi engenasici, intsimbi ephantsi, okanye i-titanium esekelwe kakuhle kwi-MIM feedstock supply.
- Iimfuno zonyamezelo ziqinile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukutyalwa kotyalo-mali kuya kufuna umatshini obalulekileyo wesibini.
Nxibelela ekufakeni kutyalomali xa:
- Inxalenye inkulu okanye inzima kunoluhlu lwezoqoqosho lweMIM.
- Umthamo wonyaka uphantsi (umzekelo ngamawaka aphantsi).
- I-alloy yi-nickel superalloy, i-aluminiyam, okanye enye imathiriyeli engasifanelanga kakuhle i-MIM feedstock.
- Uyilo lusavela kwaye ufuna ukunqanda ukuzibophelela kwisixhobo esibiza kakhulu seMIM.
- Iimfuno zonyamezelo ziphakathi kwaye ziyafezekiswa kunye nemilinganiselo ye-cast-cast kunye nomatshini okhethiweyo.
Zombini zinokusebenza xa:
- Inxalenye incinci kodwa ayintsonkothanga kakhulu, kwaye umthamo uhleli kuluhlu lwe-5,000-15,000.
- I-alloy iqhelekile kuzo zombini iinkqubo (umzekelo, i-17-4PH insimbi engenasici).
- Kwezi meko, ukucela iikowuti kubaboneleli ababonelela ngeenkqubo zombini yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuthelekisa iindleko zangempela, kunokuthembela kwimithetho eqhelekileyo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Ngaba i-MIM ingathatha indawo yotyalo-mali lokusalela inxalenye yam?
Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, umthamo, kunye neenkcukacha zezinto. I-MIM igqwesile kwiindawo ezincinci, eziyinkimbinkimbi kwimiqulu ephezulu. Ukuba indawo yakho ingaphantsi kwe ~50 g, ifuna iimpawu ezintle, kwaye ufuna amawaka eeyunithi ngonyaka, iMIM ngumgqatswa owomeleleyo. Ukuba inxalenye inkulu okanye umthamo wakho uphantsi, utyalo-mali luhlala lusebenza ngakumbi.
Ngowuphi owona mlinganiselo uphantsi we-MIM xa uthelekiswa notyalo-mali?
I-MIM ayiqhelekanga ukucatshulwa ngezantsi kwamawaka ambalwa amaqhekeza ngenxa yokuba iindleko zesixhobo zilawula; Ngaphantsi kwalo mda, ukusetyenziswa kwe-amortation kwenza ixabiso lenxalenye nganye lingakhuphisani ngokuchasene nokuphosa okanye ukwenziwa. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kunoqoqosho ngemithamo ephantsi kakhulu, kubandakanywa iiprototypes kunye nemveliso encinci.
Yeyiphi inkqubo efezekisa ukunyamezela okungqongqo?
Kwimilinganiselo emincinci, i-MIM ibamba ngokungqongqo ukunyamezelana okuqinisiweyo (± 0.5% okuqhelekileyo, kunye namaxabiso aqina kakhulu kwiimpawu ezincinci). Unyamezelo lotyalo-mali lukhululekile kwiimpawu ezincinci kodwa lunokwanela kwimilinganiselo emikhulu apho iMIM ingabufanelanga ubukhulu.
Ngaba iinxalenye zeMIM zinokunyangwa ngobushushu okanye zenziwe ngoomatshini emva kokuntywila?
Ewe. Amalungu e-MIM e-Sintered angaphathwa ubushushu, afakwe ngoomatshini, apolishwe, kwaye agqunywe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-MIM inciphisa inani le umatshini ofunekayo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphosa, kodwa imisebenzi yesibini ihlala inokwenzeka apho kufuneka.
Ziziphi izinto ezinzima okanye ezingenakwenzeka kwi-MIM?
I-aluminium kunye ne-zinc ayifanelekanga ngokubanzi ngenxa ye-oxidation kunye nemiba yokusebenzisana kwe-binder. I-high-melting-point superalloys inokwenzeka ngokobugcisa kodwa ayiqhelekanga. Utyalo-mali lubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwealloyi ngokubanzi.
Isiphelo: Ukuthelekisa iNkqubo kwiCandelo
I-MIM kunye ne-investment casting ayikhuphisani ngendlela ephumeleleyo-thatha-konke. Bahlala kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yobungakanani-ivolumu-yobunzima besithuba. I-MIM inikezela ngokuchaneka okukhethekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zezinto ezincinci kwimithamo ephezulu, kodwa ifuna utyalo-mali lwezixhobo olusengqiqweni kuphela xa umthamo wemveliso uyithethelela. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali kunika ukuguquguquka okubanzi kwemathiriyeli kunye nezithintelo ezisezantsi zezixhobo, ngexabiso lokunyamezelana okuxekethileyo kunye namandla angaphantsi kweempawu zemilimitha engaphantsi.
Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuya phambili kukuvavanya indawo yakho ethile ngokuchasene nale milinganiselo-ubungakanani, iinkcukacha zesici, i-alloy, ukunyamezela, kunye nomthamo wonyaka-kwaye ucele iikowuti ezikhethekileyo zenkqubo kubaxhasi abanokubonisa amava ngazo zombini. Nika umzobo ofanayo kunye noqikelelo lwevolumu kwisicatshulwa ngasinye, kwaye ucele umthengisi ukuba afake iflegi yazo naziphi na iimpawu zoyilo ezingaphandle kwesakhono sabo sesiqhelo. Inxalenye ekhangeleka njengomviwa ogqibeleleyo we-MIM ephepheni inokuveza izixhobo zokusebenza okanye imiqobo yezinto ezibonakalayo ekusebenzeni; ngokunjalo, isicatshulwa sotyalo-mali sinokukothusa kwisakhono sokunyamezela. Vumela inxalenye kunye nenyani yemveliso isigqibo.
