Reka duce urusaku. Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'aero metals ishoramari casting', bashushanya ibyuma bya turbine bitagira inenge bishya mubitabo byuzuye. Ukuri ni akajagari, kurushaho, kandi birashimishije cyane. Ntabwo ari ukugera kuri geometrike igoye gusa; ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati yubumenyi bwibintu, kugenzura inzira, nubukungu bwubugome bwo kwihanganira ikirere. Benshi bashukwa nigice cy 'ishoramari, bakibwira ko byose ari ukuri, kandi bakirengagiza rwose' ibyuma 'igice cyintambara - niho imishinga iba cyangwa ipfa.
Ibitekerezo Byibanze: Byose Byerekeranye na Mold
Kenshi na kenshi, intumbero ni lazeri-yitwaje ibikoresho bya ceramic. Nukuri, igikonoshwa cyuzuye ntigishobora kuganirwaho. Ariko mubunararibonye bwanjye, prelude - igishashara cyerekana ibishashara hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera - niho hafatirwa ibyemezo 70% byubunyangamugayo. Nabonye amaduka asuka umutungo udasanzwe muburyo bwa shell slurry gusa kugirango turwanye ibibazo bya porosity byaturutse kumashanyarazi y'ibishashara adahumanye. Irembo ntabwo ari umuyoboro wibyuma gusa; ni umuyobozi wubushyuhe hamwe numutego wa slag. Kubona ubwo burenganzira kuri shitingi ya turbine yoroheje, nkurugero, bisaba kumva hafi yukuntu uburyo amavuta yihariye azagenda kandi agakomera, ikintu udakura muri software wenyine.
Ibi biganisha ku cyuma ubwacyo. Ikirere ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe cyihariye. Urimo gusimbuka kuva 17-4PH udafite ingese kumurongo wubatswe kuri Inconel 718 kubice bishyushye, kandi birashoboka ndetse no kuri cobalt ishingiye kumavuta yo kwambara cyane. Buriwese yitwara nkinyamaswa zitandukanye mugihe cyo gusuka. Gutera ishoramari ya nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy ntabwo ari verisiyo ishyushye yo guta ibyuma. Ibyifuzo byo gutandukanya, ubushyuhe bwo kuvura nyuma yo guterwa - ni disipuline yihariye. Iduka rivuga ko rikora neza kimwe? Nagira amakenga.
Ndibuka umushinga wimyaka yashize kumazu ya sensor. Icapiro ryahamagaye 316 idafite ingese, twabikora inshuro igihumbi. Ariko igice cyari gifite umwihariko uhuza urukuta ruto. Twakoresheje bisanzwe, kandi byanyuze QA. Byatsinzwe mugupima umurima kubera umunaniro uterwa numunaniro kuriyi masangano. Isomo? Uwiteka aero ibyuma Kugenwa bisobanura igice cyinshingano zingingo zitegeka inzira, ntabwo ari ibikoresho biri kurupapuro rwihariye. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, tugahindura imiterere yintete duhindura ubushyuhe bwo gusuka hamwe nubushyuhe mbere yubushyuhe, cyane cyane guhuza gukomera kumitwaro ifite imbaraga, ntabwo ari imbaraga zihamye gusa.
Gukora Intoki: Aho Gutera Byigaragaza
Iki nikizamini nyacyo cya litimus. Urashobora kubyara umusaruro mwiza, muburyo bwiza, ariko niba isenya urusyo rwa karbide eshatu mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya, watsinzwe. Guhorana ubukana bwubuso, kutagabanuka kwisi cyangwa kugabanuka - nibyo bitandukanya iduka rya prototype nabafatanyabikorwa bakora. Igikorwa cyo gukina kigomba kuba cyateguwe hifashishijwe imashini. Urasiga ububiko bwinyongera mubice bikunda kugoreka? Nigute amarembo agira ingaruka kumyerekezo yintete muri flange nyuma izacukurwa hanyuma ikande?
Uku kwishyira hamwe niho ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwukuri buhagaze. Fata ushikamye nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Icyitegererezo cyabo, kimara imyaka irenga mirongo itatu, gihuza Igikonoshwa na gushora imari hamwe n'inzu Imashini ya CNC. Nibyumvikana, hafi nkenerwa, ubwihindurize. Iyo urwego rumwe rugenzura urugendo rwose kuva ibishashara kugeza igice cyarangije gutunganywa, ibitekerezo bisubirwamo birahita. Abakanishi barashobora kubwira abasore bashinze, Iki cyiciro kirimo gukora cyane mumufuka, kandi isuka ikurikira irashobora guhinduka. Ikuraho umukino wambere wamakosa hagati yabatanga casting hamwe niduka ryimashini.
Urebye urugero rwabo - uhereye kumyuma kugeza kumashanyarazi adasanzwe nka cobalt na nikel-bisobanura kumva neza ibintu byose. Ni ikintu kimwe cyo guta igice cy'umuringa cyo gushushanya; nibindi byo gutanga imashini ya Inconel casting izemezwa kuguruka. Iheruka isaba ko inzira ya symbiose. Umwanya wabo muremure, werekanwe nimyaka 30+, byerekana ko bishoboka ko bagendeye kuri uku kuzenguruka hagati yo gukina no gutunganya inshuro zirenze imwe, aho niho ubumenyi nyabwo, butoroshye.
Urusimbi rwibikoresho: Iyo Amavuta adasanzwe abonye ukuri
Amavuta adasanzwe ni ijambo ryataye hirya no hino. Mubimenyerezo, bisobanura kwinjirira mubutaka hamwe nibikoresho bihenze, ibipimo bitababariwe, hamwe no kwiga gukomeye. Urugero rwa Cobalt rushingiye ku mavuta, ni ibintu byiza cyane birwanya kwambara ariko birashobora kumenyekana cyane muburyo bwo gukina niba igipimo cyo gukonja kitagenzuwe neza. Ntabwo usuka ibyuma gusa; urimo ucunga ikinamico yubushyuhe kuva igihe ivuye murwego.
Ndibuka kunanirwa kubintu bya valve kubikoresho bifasha amashanyarazi. Twakoresheje cobalt yihariye. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bwari butunganye, igikonoshwa cyari cyumvikana, ariko twabonye micro-cracking muri zone yinzibacyuho yoroheje. Ikibazo? Twakoresheje ibumba mbere yubushyuhe nkuko twabikora kuburemere busa butagira igice. Amashanyarazi ya aliyumu yubushyuhe hamwe nibintu bigabanuka byari bitandukanye. Twagombaga gukora protocole yo gukonjesha, hafi nko kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ariko bikabera imbere yingoma ikonje. Byari isomo rihenze, ryerekana gahunda. Noneho, iyo mbonye urutonde rwibikoresho byamaduka birimo aya mavuta, ntabwo mbona ubushobozi gusa; Ndabona amateka yerekanwe yo gukemura ibyo bibazo byihariye, bikomeye.
Aha niho gushora imari inzira ya aero ibyuma Bitandukanya na paki. Ihinduka igikoresho cya metallurgjiya, ntabwo igikoresho cyo gushiraho gusa. Ubushobozi bwo gushimangira icyerekezo igice, cyangwa kugenzura ingano zinyuze mubishushanyo mbonera byubushyuhe, bihindura inzira muburyo bwo kongera imbaraga. Nibintu byoroshye ariko bikomeye. Ntabwo urimo gukora ishusho gusa; urimo gukora microstructure inzira yo guhimba cyangwa gutunganya imashini idashobora kugeraho nkubukungu.
Kuri-Kuri-Ukuri: Kwihanganirana no gucuruza
Umuntu wese arashaka kwihanganira ikirere. Ariko ibyo bivuze iki hasi? Kubisanzwe byubatswe, birashobora kuba +/- 0.005 kumurongo wo guhuza ibitsina. Kugerwaho? Nibyo, hamwe nibikoresho byateguwe neza hamwe no kugenzura inzira. Ariko ibiciro byo kugabanuka biragaragara. Ubuhanga nyabwo ni ukuyobora injeniyeri. Ukwo kwihanganira kurashobora koroherezwa kuri +/- 0.015 niba duhinduye aho irembo kandi tukemeza ubuso bumwe bwo gutunganya? Akenshi, igisubizo ni yego, kandi uzigama 20% kubiciro byigice utabangamiye imikorere.
Uru ni uruhande rufatika, rudashimishije rwa aero ibyuma gushora imari. Nubujyanama. Nukureba igishushanyo ukamenya intambara zo kurwana. Nicaye mubishushanyo mbonera byerekana ko imiterere myiza, ikiza ibiro bizakenera bidashoboka-gukuraho ceramic ceramic hanyuma ntange igitekerezo cyoroheje cyoroshye gishobora guterwa kandi kigakorwa nta kubabaza imikorere. Agaciro-kongeramo ntigaragara mubitabo byubushobozi bwibanze.
Bisobanura kandi gucunga ibiteganijwe. Ubuso bwo kurangiza nk-abakinnyi ntabwo ari imashini ikozwe. Hazaba hari ibara ryoroshye rya orange. Ikibazo nukugirango gihamye kandi giteganijwe kugirango inzira ya ibikoresho ya gahunda ya CNC ibashe kubibazwa. Amaduka nka QSY, hamwe na hamwe Imashini ya CNC, byasobanuka kubyumva. Ibikorwa byabo byo gukina birashoboka ko byateganijwe kugirango bitange urugero gusa, ahubwo ni imashini ishobora gukoreshwa, ikaba ari murwego rwohejuru rutangwa.
Kureba imbere: Uruhare rutavuzwe Umurage
Mubihe byashishikajwe no gukora inyongeramusaruro, kuki iyi nzira gakondo ikomeza? Kuberako kubicuruzwa biciriritse kugeza hejuru cyane byimbaraga-nyinshi, ibyuma-byizewe cyane ibyuma, akenshi ntibishobora gutsindwa kubiciro-buri gice, imikorere ishingiye. AM ifite umwanya wa prototyping nubusazi, ariko kubihumbi n'ibihumbi, imitwe, amazu, hamwe nibyuma mu ndege, gushora imari ni Akazi.
Impande nyayo kubatanga ubu ntabwo ari ukugira ibikoresho gusa. Nubumenyi bwimiryango. Numukambwe wintangarugero ukora ibintu uzi ko umushinga runaka utera impungenge mugihe cya dewaxing. Numukoresha w'itanura ushobora kumva itandukaniro mumajwi ya melt kandi akamenya degassing ituzuye. Ubu bumenyi bwuzuye, bwubatswe mumyaka mirongo, nicyo gikorwa cyimyaka 30 nkiyi yavuzwe ikusanya. Ntushobora kuyigura cyangwa kuyandika mumashini nshya.
Noneho, mugihe cyo gusuzuma aero ibyuma gushora imari, ntukarebe gusa itanura rya vacuum cyangwa imashini za CMM. Baza igice cyibikoresho byabo bya kera bikiri mubikorwa. Baza uburyo bakemuye ikibazo cyo kugabanuka kugarukwaho mumashanyarazi yihariye mumyaka itanu ishize. Ibisubizo byibyo bibazo bizakubwira byinshi kubushobozi bwabo kuruta ibyo wasabye byose byamamaza. Ni muri ibyo byegeranijwe, rimwe na rimwe birababaza, amasomo aho ubuhanga nyabwo bwo guhindura ibyuma mubice bikwiye kuguruka.
