Iyo wunvise 'ishoramari ryo mu kirere ishora imari', ishusho ihita iba iyambere, ibikoresho byikora byangiza ibyuma bya turbine. Ibyo ni umugani. Ukuri ni akajagari, amaboko menshi, kandi yuzuye ubwumvikane hagati yuburyo bwiza na geometrie ikorwa. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; nibijyanye no gukora ishusho irokoka ubugenzuzi bwa ultrasonic, cycle yumuriro, hamwe nubukanishi bukabije, icyiciro nyuma yicyiciro. Benshi mu bashya, ndetse na bamwe mu ba injeniyeri, basuzugura ubumenyi bwa siyansi n’ibikorwa byashyinguwe muri iryo jambo 'ryatakaye'.
Ibyingenzi: Byose bijyanye nigikonoshwa (no Gutegereza)
Uburozi nyabwo, nububabare bukomeye bwumutwe, muri gushora imari mu kirere ntabwo ibishashara cyangwa icyuma-ni igikonoshwa ceramic. Kubona icyo gishishwa cyinshi ni ibihangano byiyoberanije nka siyanse. Ubushuhe bwa slurry, ubunini bwa stucco umusenyi ukwirakwiza, ibidukikije byumye hamwe nubushyuhe ... buri gihindagurika gihindura ibipimo byanyuma kandi bikarangira. Nabonye imishinga yatinze ibyumweru kuko icyumba cyicyumba cyibidukikije kitari gihamye, biganisha kuri micro-crack yagaragaye gusa nyuma yo gusuka no kunyeganyega. Ni inzira itinda; urimo kubaka igikonjo, ukumisha, wubaka urundi rwego. Nta kubyihutira utabangamiye ubunyangamugayo.
Aha niho ibigo bifite umurage wibikorwa byimbitse, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Kugira impande zifatika. Gukora imyaka irenga mirongo itatu, birashoboka ko babonye uburyo bwose bushoboka bwo gutsindwa. Urwo rwibutso rwinzego kurubuga rwabo kuri tsingtaocnc.com ntabwo ari kwamamaza gusa. Irasobanura kumenya, nkurugero, uburyo nikel yihariye ishingiye kuri nikel igabanuka ikorana na sisitemu yihariye ya sisitemu yo kwaguka. Ubu ntabwo ari ubumenyi bwibitabo; yinjiye mumyaka mirongo yinyandiko.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byangiritse kubishishwa-byahujwe na silika, zircon, alumina-silikate - biterwa na alloy ikorwa. Suka superalloy mugikonoshwa kitari cyo, hanyuma ubone reaction ya chimique, kwanduza hejuru, nigice cyacitse. Numukino uhuza usaba uruganda kugira palette yagutse, ibyo QSY ivuga kuri cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri alloys yerekana. Ntushobora gusimbuka guteramo ibishishwa bishya; bisaba shell sisitemu yongeye kwuzuza ibisabwa, bikaba inzira ihenze, itera.
Kurenga Kasting: Imbyino idatandukana hamwe na CNC Imashini
Hano hari ingingo ikomeye ikunze kubura: nta kirere cyo mu kirere ni 'net-shusho'. Imigaragarire yose ikomeye - isura ya flange, umwobo wa bolt, hejuru yikimenyetso - bisaba gutunganya CNC nyuma. Ibyiza isosiyete ishora imari mu kirere shyiramo ubu bushobozi nta nkomyi. Gutoranya bigomba kuba byateguwe hifashishijwe imibare ya datum, kandi uruganda rugomba gusobanukirwa nuburyo imihangayiko isigaye iterwa no gukina igira ingaruka ku kugoreka imashini.
Ndibuka umushinga wamazu ya turbine aho igice cyakinwe cyatsinze igenzura, ariko mugihe cyo gutunganya, igice cyometseho urukuta rugoretse bihagije kugirango gisibe igice. Ikibazo? Irembo hamwe no gukuraho riser byakurikiranye byateye guhangayika. Igisubizo cyavuye mu itsinda ryimashini zikorana naba metallurgiste bashinga ibishushanyo mbonera byo kugaburira casting. Niyo mpamvu sosiyete nka QSY yerekana byombi gushora imari na CNC gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe irahambaye. Ifunga ibitekerezo bisubirwamo hagati yo gushushanya hamwe nigice cyanyuma cyakozwe, bigabanya cyane uburyo bwo gutsindwa.
Gutunganya cast superalloys niyindi nyamaswa. Bakunze kuba bigoye, batukana, kandi bakunda gukora cyane. Gukoresha inzira yibikoresho cyangwa gukonjesha birashobora gutera micro-ibice hejuru, bigahindura amajwi byubaka muburyozwe. Utanga isoko ahuriweho arabyumva neza. Bazi uburyo ibikoresho byabo bwite bitwara munsi yimashini zabo.
Ibikoresho bifatika: Ntabwo ibyuma byose bidafite ingese bingana
Kurondora ibyuma bitagira umwanda nkibikoresho ntacyo bivuze mubirere. Turimo tuvuga nka 17-4PH kubwimbaraga nyinshi? 316L yo kurwanya ruswa? Cyangwa icyiciro cya martensitike yihariye kubikoresho byihariye byo kugwa? Buri kimwe gifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga, gusuka, no kuvura ubushyuhe. Ikizamini nyacyo kubishingwe kiri mumavuta yihariye: ashingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 718 cyangwa 713C, aribintu byingenzi bigize ibice bishyushye.
Gutera iyi ni umukino-mwinshi. Birahenze, bifite idirishya ritunganya (intera yubushyuhe hagati ya solidus na fluidus irakomeye), kandi barasaba kuvura neza ubushyuhe kugirango bagere kumvura ikenewe. Gutandukana kwose mubipimo byo gukonjesha birashobora guhindura imiterere yubukanishi. Ubushobozi bwuruganda rugaragazwa nuburyo buhuye nibi bikoresho hejuru yamasuka. Kuvuga ibivangwa nkibi byisosiyete nka QSY byerekana mu buryo butaziguye kwishora hamwe nibisabwa byinshi, bikarenga ibice rusange byubatswe.
Kuvura ubushyuhe nuburyo bwose. Ntabwo ari uruziga gusa; nikirere kigenzurwa neza (akenshi vacuum cyangwa argon) kugirango wirinde okiside yo hejuru (scaling) na decarburisation. Guhuza itanura, igipimo cyo kuzamuka, uburyo bwo kuzimya - byose birakomeye. Kuvura ubushyuhe buke birashobora kwangiza igice cyashizweho neza, kandi inenge zishobora kugaragara gusa mugupima umunaniro.
Amarembo yo Kugaburira no Kugaburira: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira imyitozo
Porogaramu ya CAD irashobora kwigana kuzuza no gukomera, ariko isi nyayo ihora yongeramo iminkanyari. Gushushanya amarembo na riser (feder) sisitemu ninganda yibanze ya injeniyeri. Intego ni ukugera ku cyerekezo cyerekezo, aho igice gikomera mbere, kugaburira ibyago, kugirango wirinde kugabanuka. Byumvikane neza, ariko hamwe na geometrike igoye, ifite uruzitiro ruto cyane, ni inzozi mbi.
Akenshi ugomba gutandukana. Ongeraho ibyago byinshi cyangwa binini bitezimbere amajwi ariko byongera umusaruro wicyuma (igipimo cyuburemere bwigice cyanyuma nicyuma cyasutswe), kuri superalloys ihenze ihindura ingengo yimari. Irema kandi ingingo nyinshi zo guhuza kugirango ziveho nyuma, zishobora kugira ingaruka hejuru. Nagiye mubisubiramo aho twanyuze mubyerekezo icumi byo gushushanya, gutamba uburemere buke kubwuburinganire bwubaka. Impanuka ubwazo zigomba kuba zarateguwe kugirango zigumane gushonga kurenza igice, zirimo kubara modulus (ingano-ku-buso-busa).
Ibi nibyiza, byashyizwe mubikorwa byubuhanga. Injeniyeri nziza yubushakashatsi irashobora kureba ku gice cyambukiranya kandi igahita imenya aho ahantu hashyushye hazabera n'aho porotike ishobora kwihisha. Uru rubanza rwubatswe kumyaka yo guca icyitegererezo (kugerageza gusenya) no kugereranya imiterere yimbere nibiteganijwe.
Ubwiza nibidukikije, ntabwo ari ishami
Kugenzura ubuziranenge muri gushora imari mu kirere ntabwo ari intambwe yanyuma yo kugenzura; ikozwe muri buri cyiciro. Itangirana n'ibishashara byinjira hamwe nibikoresho bya ceramic. Noneho ni uburyo bwo kugenzura: kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikigega, gupima ubunini bwikigero kuri buri dip, gufata amajwi asuka ubushyuhe nibihe. Nyuma yo gutara, wimukira muri NDT (Ikizamini kidasenya): igenzura rya fluorescent penetrant (FPI) kubice byo hejuru, radiografiya (X-ray) kubusa imbere, kandi bigenda byiyongera, CT gusikana ibice byimbere.
Igice gikomeye ni ugukurikirana. Buri gice kimwe, uhereye kumurongo muto kugeza kumurongo munini wa turbine, bigomba gukurikiranwa numubare wubushyuhe bwashonze, igikonoshwa cyacyo cyubaka, igice cyacyo gisuka, hamwe nicyiciro cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibi birema umubare munini wamakuru. Kunanirwa mu murima nyuma yimyaka bivuze ko ugomba kuba ushobora gusubira inyuma ukareba niba ibindi bice biva muri ibyo bikoresho cyangwa icyiciro kimwe byugarijwe. Ubushobozi bwisosiyete yo gucunga aya makuru yizewe nigice kinini cyubwizerwe.
Kurangiza, ikimenyetso cyumutanga ushoboye ntabwo akora icyitegererezo cyiza gusa. Itanga ubuziranenge buhoraho, bukurikiranwa ku gipimo cyiza cyo gutanga umusaruro, uko umwaka utashye. Nukugira sisitemu na disipuline yo gufata drift muburyo bwimikorere mbere yuko itanga igice cyibisigazwa. Nibyo ushakisha mubyukuri iyo usuzumye ibyo bigo-ubujyakuzimu bwa sisitemu inyuma yibice bitangaje.
