Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'gushora ibyuma bya karubone', bahita batekereza neza kandi neza. Nibyo, ariko kandi niho hambere imyumvire mibi ya mbere. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari ukugera gusa kurangiza neza; ni ugucunga ibintu byahinduwe mubikoresho ubwabyo - kugabanuka kugipimo, igisubizo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo guta inenge yihariye ibyuma bya karubone ugereranije, tuvuge. Ninzira aho igitekerezo cyiza ku mpapuro gikunze guhura nukuri kubutaka bwubatswe.
Ikibazo Cyibanze: Byose bijyanye no kugenzura
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye igikonoshwa. Ku byuma bya karubone, cyane cyane icyiciro cyo hasi kugeza hagati, igiceri cya sisitemu yo gutembera n'imbaraga zishyushye biba ingenzi. Ukeneye igikonoshwa gishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwicyuma butarinze gukubitwa, ariko kandi kimwe cyemerera imyuka guhunga. Nabonye imishinga yananiwe kuko igikonyo cyari cyinshi, biganisha kuri gaze ya gaze yafashwe munsi yubuso busa na casting nziza. Nigikorwa cyo gushyira mu gaciro. Isosiyete ibona ubu burenganzira, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ikoresha imyaka mirongo yuburambe bwibintu byihariye. Urashobora kubona uburyo bwabo bwo guhuriza hamwe Igikonoshwa na gushora imari ku rubuga rwabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Ntabwo ari ukugira ibikoresho gusa; ni ukumenya igikonoshwa gikora ibyuma 1020 na 1045.
Igice cya kabiri cyikigereranyo nicyuma ubwacyo. Imyitozo ya Deoxidation nikintu kidakunze kuganirwaho hanze yububiko. Ukoresheje ibyuma bya karubone, nigute wica ibyuma muri salle - aluminium, silikoni, calcium? - bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kandi byumvikana neza. Gito cyane, ushobora guhura na pinholes. Byinshi cyane, urema ibintu bitari ibyuma bishobora gusenya imashini nyuma. Aha niho imyaka 30 yambere QSY ivuga ntabwo ari umurongo wo kwamamaza gusa; nigitabo cyibitabo bishonga nibisubizo kubice bitandukanye nuburemere.
Hanyuma hariho icyitegererezo. Kubice byibyuma bya karubone bigoye, ibishashara bishushanya amafaranga yo kugabanuka ntabwo ari umubare numwe. Irahinduka hamwe nubunini bwigice. Umuyoboro mwinshi hamwe na flange yoroheje kuruhande rumwe bizagabanuka kubiciro bitandukanye. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye kumushinga wo guturamo hakiri kare. Icapiro ryasabye ikintu kimwe cyo kugabanuka. Igisubizo cyari igice kitari cyihariye gisaba gukora cyane, bihenze cyane. Noneho, dukoresha amategeko yahinduwe agabanuka ashingiye kumateka yaturutse kuri geometrike isa, ubwo ni bwo bumenyi bwa tacit ubumenyi bumaze igihe kirekire bukusanya.
Aho inzira yerekana rwose agaciro kayo
Noneho gushora imari ya karubone byumvikane neza? Reba ibice bigomba gukomera, ugereranije birwanya kwambara, ariko kandi bigoye muburyo kandi aho gutunganya ibicuruzwa byabitswe byaba ari uguta ubusa. Tekereza umubiri wa hydraulic valve, ibikoresho bito bito, cyangwa ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byubuhinzi. Ubushobozi bwa-net-bushobozi bubika ibintu byinshi byibanze nigihe cyo gutunganya. Kurugero, kubyara ukuboko kwingirakamaro hamwe nibintu byinshi bifatanye hamwe nibice byimbere nka casting bishobora gusiga gusa ibinyamakuru bitwara hamwe nudodo kugirango bikorwe.
Ariko ishoramari mwizina naryo riraburira ibiciro. Kubice byoroheje, byuma bya karubone ibyuma, guta umucanga hafi yubukungu. Ahantu heza haragoye. Ndibuka umushinga wo guteranya ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe mumashini aremereye. Igice cyari gifite uburyo butandukanye bwa silindrike ihuza impande zidasanzwe. Kubikora bivuye kumurongo ukomeye byavuzwe mubishushanyo mbonera by’ikirere kubera imyanda yibikoresho hamwe nigihe cyo gushiraho. Binyuze mu gushora imari, twabyaye ifishi nyamukuru hamwe nibikoresho bike byo gutunganya kumasura akomeye. Igiciro kuri buri gice cyari hejuru kurenza gukina byoroshye, ariko igiciro cyubutaka cyose, harimo no gukora, cyari munsi ya 40%. Iyo niyo mibare nyayo.
Ikintu gikomeye, gikunze kwirengagizwa, icyiciro nicyambere cyo kugenzura ingingo. Kubyuma bishya bya karubone, ugomba kwemeza ibipimo gusa ariko nuburinganire bwimbere. Buri gihe duhuza ingingo-yambere yingero ya raporo hamwe no gukata ikizamini. Utamba igitambo kimwe, ukagabanyamo ahantu hakomeye (mubisanzwe ibice binini cyane hamwe n’ahantu hahurira), hanyuma ukabishiraho. Ibi birerekana imiterere yintete nigabanuka ryihishe cyangwa igikundiro. Nuburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ko sisitemu yawe yo gutambuka no kuzamuka ikora mbere yuko utanga icyatsi kibisi. Kureka iyi ntambwe ni urusimbi rufite amahirwe menshi yo gutsindwa.
Imashini Yimashini: Gukora-cyangwa-Kumena Imigaragarire
Aha niho utanga isoko ihuriweho yerekana agaciro kayo. Gukina ni ikintu kimwe; gutanga igice cyiteguye guterana nikindi. Ibyuma bya karubone byo gushora imari akenshi byatoranijwe kubikorwa byabo. Ariko imiterere ya as-cast ifite akamaro. Ubuso bukomeye cyane kuva gukonjesha byihuse birashobora kwambara imburagihe ibikoresho byo gukata. Niyo mpamvu umubano hagati yimishinga nububiko bwimashini bigomba kuba bikomeye. Iyo byombi biri munsi yinzu, nko kuri QSY aho bahuza casting hamwe Imashini ya CNC, ibitekerezo bisubirwamo birahita. Itsinda ryimashini rirashobora kubwira uruganda, Iki cyiciro kirimo gushyuha kubikoresho, kandi uruganda rushobora guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe busanzwe cyangwa igipimo cyo gukonjesha kubutaha.
Tuvuze kuvura ubushyuhe, ntibikunze kubaho. Kubintu byinshi byogushora ibyuma bya karubone, urareba uburyo busanzwe cyangwa annealing cycle kugirango bahuze imiterere yingano kandi bagabanye imihangayiko. Iyi ntambwe ningirakamaro kugirango ituze murwego rwo gutunganya. Niba ubisimbutse, igice kirashobora kugenda bitateganijwe nkuko ubikatiye, ukuraho casting ihenze nyuma yuko umaze gushora igihe cyo kuyitunganya. Urufunguzo ni uguhuzagurika. Umwirondoro w'itanura, igihe cyo gushiramo, igipimo cyo gukonja - bigomba kuba byisubiramo icyiciro.
Umutwe umwe ufatika ni irembo no gukuraho riser. Kubyuma bya karubone, akenshi ukoresha gukata cyangwa gukata. Ahantu izo ngingo zo gukuraho zikeneye kubanza kubitekerezaho. Ntabwo wifuza ko irembo risigara ahantu hashobora kuba ikintu gikomeye cyo gufunga cyangwa ingingo yibandaho. Imyitozo myiza nugushushanya amarembo kugirango ingingo zo gukuraho zigwe ahantu hadakomeye cyangwa hejuru bizaba bikozwe neza. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye bwambere hagati yubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwububiko, ikintu cyoroshye cyane mugihe ukorana nabafatanyabikorwa babishoboye.
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ibyuma byose bya karubone bingana
Mu muryango wibyuma bya karubone, guhitamo bifite akamaro. AISI 1020 irasanzwe, itanga gusudira neza no guhindagurika ariko imbaraga nke. Kubice bikeneye imbaraga nyinshi kandi birwanya kwambara neza utiriwe ujya mubyuma, 1045 cyangwa 1055 birashobora gutomorwa. Ariko hamwe nibirimo byinshi bya karubone bizana sensibilité yo gucika mugihe cyo gukonjesha no kugenzura ubushyuhe bukomeye. Ntushobora guhinduranya gusa 1045 muburyo bwateguwe 1020 kandi utegereje ko bukora. Ibisabwa byo kugaburira biratandukanye.
Twigeze gusaba icyifuzo cyo gukoresha ibyuma bya karuboni ndende kubisahani. Ibigeragezo byambere byaviriyemo amarira ashyushye - ibice bikozwe mugihe gukina biracyakomeye. Igisubizo ntabwo cyahinduye icyuma gusa; Byarimo gusubiramo ibishushanyo kugirango bikonje cyane kandi bihindure igikonoshwa kizengurutse impande zimwe kugirango bitagabanuka mugihe cyo kwikuramo. Byari inzira yo gukosora, ntabwo yasimbuye ibintu gusa. Ibi bihuye nubuhanga wakwitega kubitanga nka QSY, urutonde rwibintu birimo ibintu bitandukanye ibyuma na idasanzwe, bivuze ko bagomba gukemura neza ibisubizo bya metallurgical.
Indi nuance ni decarburisation. Mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe, karubone irashobora kwimuka ikava hejuru yicyuma, igasiga uruhu rworoshye. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, ntabwo arikibazo nkuko cyakozwe. Ariko kubice aho as-cast yubuso ikora (nkibintu bimwe byambara), nikibazo. Kugenzura ikirere mubushyuhe bwo kuvura itanura cyangwa gukoresha ibikingira birinda biba igice cyibikorwa. Nibisobanuro bituruka gusa kuburambe ku ntoki hamwe n'umurongo wuzuye.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Numukino winzobere
Umunsi urangiye, gutsinda gushora imari ya karubone ntabwo ari ukugira agatabo keza. Byerekeranye na chimie igenzurwa, isubirwamo, gusobanukirwa byimbitse imbaraga zumuriro mubibumbano, hamwe no guhuza hamwe na post-casting. Ibigo bikora neza, ibyo ushobora kwishingikiriza kubice bikomeye, nibyo bifata nkubukorikori bwihariye bwubakiye kumibare yakusanyirijwe hamwe haba mubitsinzi ndetse cyane cyane kunanirwa.
Isoko ryuzuyemo ibishingwe. Ariko kubona imwe igenga ubukwe bwihariye bwibyuma bya karubone mubikorwa byishoramari biratandukanye. Urashaka kubona ibimenyetso byubwo buhanga mugucunga inzira zabo, ibyemezo byabo, hamwe nubushake bwabo bwo kwishora mubikorwa byigice cyawe. Ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo kubona igice gihuye gusa nigishushanyo no kubona igice gikora neza mumurima.
Noneho, mugihe usuzuma isoko, reba ibirenze urutonde rwibikoresho. Baza imyitozo yabo isanzwe yo kwinjiza geometrie isa. Baza ibijyanye no kugenzura gushonga nuburyo bakoresha uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kurwego rwawe rwihariye. Ibisubizo byabo - cyangwa kubura - bizakubwira ibyo ukeneye kumenya byose. Ninzira isaba, ariko iyo ikozwe nubuhanga, itanga uruvange rwubwisanzure bwo gushushanya, imikorere yibintu, hamwe nigiciro-cyiza cyane gutsinda.
