Iyo uvuze ngo 'guta umusenyi w'icyuma', abantu benshi bashushanya ikintu kibisi, kiremereye kiva mu ruganda rwo mu kinyejana cya 19. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Mubyukuri, ni inzira yibeshya iringaniza ubukungu, siyanse yibintu, nibikorwa bifatika nkibindi. Ninkingi yibigize inganda zitabarika, sibyo kuko 'byiza' muburyo bwa laboratoire, ariko kubera ko akenshi ari byiza cyane kumurimo. Amayeri ntabwo azi gusa gusuka ibyuma mumucanga; ni ukumenya igihe cyo kuyikoresha hejuru yubundi buryo nko gushushanya ibishishwa cyangwa gushora imari, nuburyo bwo gucunga ibintu byacyo - kugabanuka, umushinga wimfuruka, igishushanyo mbonera gishobora gukora cyangwa kuvunika ubusugire bwigice. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi byananiranye kuko umuntu yabifashe nkibisanzwe byoroshye-gusimbuza ibyuma.
Umusenyi ubwawo ntabwo ari umwanda gusa
Reka duhere kuri fondasiyo: umucanga. Umucanga wicyatsi, nta-guteka resin umucanga - guhitamo hano gutegeka byose. Kubijwi byinshi, ugereranije byoroshye guta umucanga ibice, umucanga wicyatsi (uruvange rwumucanga wa silika, ibumba, namazi) ni ukujya. Nibihendutse kandi birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ibirimo ubuhehere ni intambara ihoraho. Kuma cyane, kandi ifu itakaza imbaraga; bitose cyane, kandi ubona ibisasu biturika mugihe cyo gusuka, ugasiga inenge ya gaze munsi yubutaka bwa casting. Ndibuka icyiciro cyamazu ya pompe aho twagize ibisebe byo hejuru. Yadutwaye umunsi wo kuyisubiza inyuma yubushyuhe bwo mu bubiko bwahinduye imvange. Nibyo biragoye.
Kubintu byinshi bigoye bya geometrike cyangwa neza neza neza, duhindukira kuri sisitemu yo kudateka, nka furan cyangwa urethane ya fenolike. Umucanga uvanze na resin yamazi na catalizator, kandi ikiza cyane. Kurangiza birarenze, kandi urashobora kugera kurukuta ruto. Ariko ikiguzi kirasimbuka, kandi gutunganya umucanga bigenda birushaho kuba ingorabahizi - ntushobora kujugunya inyuma muri muller. Ahantu nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), aho bakemura ibintu byose kuva ibishishwa kugeza kubushoramari, icyemezo cyumucanga wo gukoresha kuri a icyuma akazi kamanuka kubara neza: igice kigoye, ubwinshi, ibisabwa kurangiza hejuru, hamwe namafaranga yo gutunganya. Ntabwo byikora.
Ibikoresho by'icyitegererezo ni ikindi giciro cyihishe. Kumucanga wicyatsi, ukunze guhura nibisahani-isahani, aluminium cyangwa ibyuma, bihenze kubikoresha. Kubiruka bigufi cyangwa prototypes, twakoresheje imashini ya polystirene yakozwe (uburyo bwa furo yatakaye) mumucanga utagira umupaka. Irakora, ariko kugenzura ipikipiki ya karubone no kwirinda inenge nkuko ifuro ihumeka ni ubuhanzi ubwabwo. Urabona igice cyiza, ariko metallurgie ntabwo ihuje nkibisanzwe gakondo.
Gusuka Icyuma: Ntabwo ari Ubushyuhe gusa
Icyuma kijimye, icyuma cyoroshye - guhitamo amavuta ni ngombwa. Icyuma cyijimye, hamwe na flake ya grafite, ifite ubwo bushobozi bukomeye bwo kugabanya no gukora. Icyuma cyangiza, hamwe na grafitike yacyo ya nodular, kizana imbaraga zingana no guhindagurika. Imyitozo yo gusuka ihinduka kuri buri. Kubyuma byangirika, ugomba gucunga magnesium fade niba ukoresha urwego ruvuwe; ingaruka ya nodularizing igabanuka nigihe, nuko hariho idirishya rikomeye hagati yo kuvura no gusuka. Babuze, na microstructure iragaruka, yica imiterere ya mashini.
Ubushyuhe bwo gusuka nikibazo cya Goldilocks. Birashyushye cyane, kandi wongera kugabanuka no kugabanuka kwangirika kurukuta, cyane cyane mubice bito. Ubukonje bukabije, kandi ukabona amakosa, gufunga imbeho, hamwe no gutembera nabi kugirango wuzuze ifu. Kubisanzwe Icyiciro cya 35 cyicyatsi kibisi, twifuza kugera kuri 1370 ° C kugeza 1400 ° C, ariko ibyo ni intangiriro. Igice cyubugari bwigice ubwacyo gitegeka ubushyuhe bwiza. Umubyimba mwinshi, ucuramye urashobora gufata temp yo hasi; bigoye, binini-bikikijwe na rukuta rukenera buri kintu cyose cyamazi yo hejuru temp itanga. Nize ibi inzira igoye kumubiri wa hydraulic. Twakoresheje temp isanzwe kubikoresho, ariko igice cyari gifite urusobe rwibice byimbere. Byarangiye hamwe na casting nziza yuzuye hafi 80% yuzuye-ahasigaye ni urukurikirane rwimbeho ikonje ituma isiba.
Kuzamuka no kugaburira niho uburambe nyabwo bwerekana. Icyuma gifite umuvuduko muke ugereranije nicyuma, ariko iracyakeneye kugaburirwa uko ikomera. Gushyira risers muburyo butari bwo butera kugabanuka kwimyanya ahantu haremereye imitwaro. Gukonjesha ni ikindi gikoresho - muburyo bwo gushyira ibyuma bikonje cyangwa umuringa mukibumbano kugirango uhatire gukomera kuva mucyuma usubira muri riser. Ni puzzle ya 3D yumuriro ukemura hamwe nuburambe kandi rimwe na rimwe, software yigana. Ibigo bifite uburambe bwimbitse, nka QSY hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri gukina no gutunganya.
Umurongo wo Kurangiza: Isuku, Gukora, no Kugenzura Ukuri
Shakeout nakazi kabi. Gutera biva mu mucanga bishyushye, bifite amarembo, risers, hamwe numusenyi watwitswe. Gusya ibirenze ni intambwe yambere. Noneho kurasa guturika kugirango usukure hejuru. Aha niho inenge zihishe zikunze kwigaragaza: umwobo wo munsi y'ubutaka uva kumusenyi, igikoma cyo gukonja byihuse. Igenzura ryerekanwa nintangiriro.
Aha niho kwishyira hamwe no gutunganya biba ingirakamaro. Uruganda rukora Imashini ya CNC, nka serivisi zagaragaye kurubuga rwa QSY, zifite inyungu nini. Bategura casting hamwe nibikorwa byo gutunganya. Ibyo bivuze kongeramo amafaranga yimigabane ihamye (ntabwo ari menshi, ntabwo ari muto cyane), gushushanya datum igaragara muri casting yo guhuza, no kumva uburyo igice kizakorwa muri chuck cyangwa vise. Nabonye casting yasaga neza ariko idashoboka kuko bore ikomeye yari ahantu hagoye kuva gukonja vuba, gusenya ibice bitatu bya karbide mbere yuko tureka.
Ibimenyetso byanyuma akenshi biri mubizamini bidasenya. Kubintu byingenzi, twakora irangi ryinjira mugusuzuma hejuru cyangwa kugerageza igitutu. Guhazwa nyabyo ni ukubona ari mbisi umusenyi—Iki kintu kibi, cyirabura - gihindurwamo ibice byakozwe neza, isura yabyo ihuza neza, imigozi yayo isukuye, yiteguye guhinduka mumashanyarazi cyangwa ikadiri ya compressor. Nibyo byuzuye, kandi niyo mpamvu gukina bidashobora gutandukana nibikorwa byo hasi.
Iyo Gutera Umucanga Ntabwo Igisubizo
Hamwe nibi biganiro byose guta umucanga, ni ngombwa kumenya imipaka yayo. Mugihe ukeneye urukuta ruhebuje (munsi ya 3mm), ubuso budasanzwe burangirira hanze yububiko, cyangwa hafi-net-shusho ya exotic, ihenze cyane, izindi nzira ziratsinda. Aho niho QSY yandi mwihariko, shell mold casting hamwe nishoramari, biza gukina. Ibishishwa by'ibishishwa bifashisha umusenyi ushyizweho na resin kugirango ukore igishishwa cyoroshye, gikomeye, gitanga ubunyangamugayo no kurangiza kuruta umucanga w'icyatsi. Gushora imari, uburyo bwatakaye bwibishashara, ni kubice bigoye cyane, birambuye-byibanda cyane.
Kubisanzwe icyuma inzu ya garebox, moteri ya silinderi umutwe, cyangwa ikiremereye-kiremereye cyibanze, guta umucanga hafi ya byose bihendutse kandi bifatika. Igikoresho kiracungwa, ibintu bifatika nibyiza kubisabwa, kandi ubunini bwaragaragaye. Ariko niba hari umuntu unzaniye igishushanyo mbonera cyimyubakire yicyuma gifite ibyuma byimbere hamwe na cosmetike yo hanze, birashoboka ko ndimo kubayobora mugikonoshwa cyangwa no kuganira niba a ibyuma gushora imari birashobora kuba byiza nubwo ikiguzi. Guhitamo ibikoresho - icyuma nicyuma na a idasanzwe- guhuza hamwe no guhitamo inzira.
Nuburyo bwuzuye butandukanya ibice bitanga nu mufatanyabikorwa wukuri ukora. Intego ntabwo ari ukugurisha casting; ni ugutanga imikorere, yizewe, nubukungu. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo nzira iganisha mu buryo butunganijwe neza, kandi rimwe na rimwe bifata inzira. Kumenya itandukaniro nigishushanyo cyambere nicyo imyaka mirongo muri ubu bucuruzi, nkamateka inyuma yikigo nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, amaherezo arakwigisha. Ntabwo ari uguhatira igisubizo nibindi bijyanye no guhuza inzira nikibazo.
Ubwihindurize butagaragara
Inzira ntiyahagaze. Porogaramu yigana yo gukomera no gusesengura ibibazo iragenda irushaho kugerwaho, reka twemere hafi kugerageza gushyira riser no guhanura ahantu hashyushye mbere yo guca ibyuma kubishushanyo. Icapiro rya 3D ryibishushanyo byumucanga ni umukino uhindura prototypes hamwe nibice bigoye bikoreshwa, bikuraho ibiciro byose. Amahame shingiro ya metallurgie no guhererekanya ubushyuhe aracyahari, ariko ibikoresho byo kubicunga biragenda bikarishye.
Nyamara, kubuhanga bwose, buracyaza mubuhanga bwikipe yashinze. Gusoma kuvunika kwakabari kugirango ugerageze imiterere ya grafite, kumenya amajwi nyayo uruziga rusya iyo rukubise urwungano ngogozi, ukumva uburyo guhinduranya gato kuri karubone bishobora kugira ingaruka kumashini kuri CNC hasi nyuma. Ubu bumenyi bwuzuye ni umutungo nyawo.
Noneho, iyo urebye a guta umucanga, ntubone gusa icyuma kimwe. Reba urukurikirane rw'ubwumvikane nkana hamwe nicyemezo cyinzobere - kuva guhitamo umucanga no gushushanya amarembo kugeza gusuka imyitozo no gutunganya imashini. Nubuhamya bwubuhanga bufatika, inzira ijyanye nibihinduka bigenzurwa nkuko bijyanye no gucunga ibyaribyo. Kandi mu nganda zihora zikurikirana igisubizo gikurikiraho-tekinoroji, kuba ihoraho ni ukwibutsa bucece ko gukomera no gukora neza bitigera biva muburyo.
