Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guta ibyuma', bashushanya ubuhanga buremereye cyangwa imirasire yigihe cya Victorian. Nibyo isura rusange yabyo. Mu bucuruzi, cyane cyane nyuma yimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo nkuko twabigiriye kuri QSY, uriga ko biterekeranye nibintu ubwabyo nibindi bijyanye nubukwe hagati yumutungo wicyuma hamwe nuburyo bwo gutoranya bwatoranijwe kubikoresha. Igitekerezo kinini cyane? Ko ari ikintu kimwe, kimwe. Ntabwo aribyo. Ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yumubiri wicyuma gikenera kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nicyuma cyumuhondo cyumukara gikenera gusa misa no kumeneka ni kinini, kandi gukemura icyo cyuho niho umurimo nyawo ubera.
Igiti cyumuryango wibyuma
Ntushobora kuvuga iduka guta icyuma utabanje guhita. Icyuma cyumukara, ductile (nodular) icyuma, icyuma cyoroshye, grafite yegeranye ... buriwese afite imiterere ye. Icyuma kijimye, hamwe na grafite ya flake, ni byiza cyane kugabanya ibinyeganyega - tekereza ibikoresho byimashini. Ariko gerageza kubishyira munsi yibibazo bikomeye kandi ibyo flake bikora nkibikoresho byatangiye. Aho niho haza ibyuma byangiza. Ubuvuzi bwa magnesium butera spheroidize grafite ihindura byose. Imbaraga zingana zirasimbuka, ubona kurambura. Numukino uhindura ibice ubona imitwaro yingirakamaro.
Ndibuka umushinga hakiri kare, umukiriya yashakaga hydraulic manifold igoye mubyo bise ibyuma gusa. Ibicapo byagaragaje urwego rusange. Twasubije inyuma, tubaza kubyerekeranye ningaruka zingaruka n'ingaruka zishobora kubaho. Ntabwo bari barabitekereje. Twashushanyijeho icyuma kijimye - cyakozwe neza, cyumva gikomeye. Ariko igeragezwa ryumuvuduko ryerekanye micro-porosity yamenetse munzira za flake. Twahinduye icyuma cyitwa ferritic ductile, duhindura igishushanyo mbonera kugirango tumenye neza magnesium. Icyiciro cya kabiri cyabaye. Isomo? Ibisobanuro bikozwe mucyuma ntacyo bimaze nta prefix.
Noneho hariho ibyuma bivanze. Nickel, chromium, molybdenum yongeyeho. Ibi ntabwo ari ukurwanya ruswa gusa. Zitunganya pearlite, zongera imbaraga kandi zambara guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Twakoze pompe zo kubamo ibishishwa hamwe na nikel-chrome ya 15-20% ivanze nicyuma cyera. Gukomera kwakorewe ubugome, hafi bidashoboka kumashini usibye gusya. Ugomba gushushanya kubyo, tegura inzira ikikije. Ninyamanswa itandukanye rwose nu byiciro bisanzwe.
Inzira yerekana imikorere: Igikonoshwa nishoramari
Mu iduka ryacu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), dukoresha ibishishwa byombi hamwe nishoramari. Guhitamo hagati yabo kubintu byicyuma ntabwo bijyanye gusa nubunini cyangwa ikiguzi; bijyanye na geometrie n'ubunyangamugayo. Ibishishwa by'ibishishwa, ukoresheje umucanga usize amabuye, biguha ubuso buhebuje bwo kurangiza no kugereranya neza ugereranije n'umucanga gakondo. Nibyiza kubice bito-bigoye nkibice bya moteri cyangwa inzu ya compressor. Inyandiko zinguni zirashobora kuba ntoya, kandi ukomeza guhuza neza.
Ariko mugihe ufite ibice byimbere, munsi, cyangwa mubyukuri geometrike isaba inteko zidashoboka ziterana mumucanga, niho hashyirwaho intambwe yo gushora imari. Igishusho cyibishashara gifata buri kantu. Twakoze ibyuma bisunika hamwe n'inzu ya turbine mubyuma byangiza muri ubu buryo. Ifatwa nicyuma mugushora imari? Byose bijyanye no gusuka. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwicyuma ugereranije nicyuma cyangwa superalloys bishimangira igikonoshwa ceramic muburyo butandukanye. Urabona ibyago byinshi byicyuma-shell reaction, ubushobozi bwinenge zo hejuru niba igikonyo kidatetse neza. Birasaba kugenzura neza dewax hamwe nicyaha cyicyaha ushobora kuvaho ukaba ucuramye kubice bitagira umwanda.
Kunanirwa gukomera kuri njye kwari ugukoresha amazu mato mato mato mato akoresheje ishoramari. Ibice byasaga neza, byanyuze mumashusho. Ariko mugihe cyikizamini cyumukiriya, bake barasohotse. Twabatandukanije, dusanga amarira ashyushye ya microscopique hafi y'isangano. Ikibazo cyari amarembo. Twakoresheje igishushanyo mbonera cyiza cyo gukomera. Icyuma, hamwe no kugabanuka kwayo hamwe nimyitwarire ya karubone, byari bikeneye buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro buhoro muri ako gace. Twahinduye amasoko na runner imiterere, twongeramo akonje gato mugiti cyibishashara. Byakemutse. Nibwo buryo bworoshye bwibikorwa byahinduwe bitandukanya gukina gukoreshwa nibyizewe.
Gukora Intoki: Gutera CNC
Aha niho moderi yacu ihuriweho kuri QSY yishura. Ntushobora gutandukana inzira yo gukina na mashini ikurikira. Gukina bishobora kuba byumvikana neza, ariko niba bifite aho bihurira bikomeye cyangwa kugabanuka guhishe, bizasenya ibikoresho nibice bisakaye hasi ya CNC. Dushushanya uburyo bwo gukina hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya hamwe nokubanza gukoraho mubitekerezo.
Hamwe na guta icyuma, cyane icyuma cyijimye, grafite yubusa ikora nkamavuta. Mubisanzwe birashoboka. Ariko itandukaniro mugipimo cyo gukonjesha igice gishobora kuganisha ahantu h'icyuma gikonje (icyuma cyera) ku bice bito cyangwa hafi yo gukonja. Ibyo bikoresho birakomeye cyane kandi birababaje. Twigeze kugira icyiciro cyimibiri ya valve aho flange, yakonje vuba cyane, ikura urwego rukonje. Yarimo guhekenya yinjizamo karbide muri pass imwe. Gukosora byari impande zombi: twahinduye ubushyuhe bwo gusuka gato hanyuma dushyiramo ibicurane kugirango tubashe gukonja cyane. Umusaruro wo gutunganya wasubiye hejuru.
Kubyuma byuma, imashini ni nziza, ariko chip iratandukanye. Ikunda gucamo uduce duto, dushobora gucungwa 6 na 9 aho kuba imirongo miremire. Ariko ukeneye igikoresho gikwiye geometrie hamwe na coatings. Twagereranije amanota yihariye yo gukata no kurangiza ibyuma bikozwe mumashami yacu ya CNC. Guhuzagurika mubikoresho byinjira byinjira-dukesha gushonga no guterwa - nibyo bidufasha gufunga ibipimo byimashini bihamye. Niba chimie cyangwa microstructure itandukanye mubyiciro, gahunda zawe za CNC zihinduka intambara ihoraho yo guhinduka.
Ibintu bifatika: Ikibazo
Mugihe ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma bitwikiriye 80% byibikenewe, agace kihariye kavanze karashimishije. Turimo kuvuga kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel cyangwa ishingiye kuri cobalt yasutswe muri matrica yiganjemo ibyuma kugirango serivisi ikabije. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ukenera gusa icyuma cyoroshye hamwe na tweak. Silicon molybdenum ibyuma kugirango ubushyuhe bwiyongere hejuru, nkibintu byinshi bisohoka, ni urugero rwiza.
Ikibazo hamwe no kuvanga ibyuma ni ukugenzura amacakubiri. Ibintu bivangavanze bifite aho bihurira na karubone, kandi birashobora gusunika imiterere ya grafite muburyo butunguranye mugihe cyo gukomera. Ntushobora guta ibintu gusa mu itanura. Nukwiyongera gukurikiranye, hamwe no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwitondewe. Turabika ibiti birambuye kuri ubu bushyuhe - igihe, ubushyuhe, gahunda yo kongeramo, ubwoko butemewe nubunini. Nibyiza cyane nkibikorwa bya metallurgie.
Ndibuka ko natunganije icyuma kinini-silicon ductile fer kugirango ikoreshwe pompe yimiti. Silicon yateje imbere kurwanya ruswa ariko ituma ibyuma birushaho gucika intege kandi bikunda guhangayikishwa. Twagombaga kuringaniza hamwe nikel yo hejuru kugirango tugumane ubukana, kandi twimukiye kumurongo mugari wa annealing cycle post-casting kugirango tugabanye imihangayiko. Iterambere ryatwaye ibyerekezo bitatu. Ibikoresho bya nyuma ntabwo byari ku rupapuro rusanzwe; cyari urwego rwihariye rwavutse kukibazo runaka. Aho niho guta icyuma yimuka kuva mubicuruzwa kugera kubisubizo byakozwe.
Ubwiza ninzira, ntabwo ari ubugenzuzi
Ntushobora kugenzura ubuziranenge muri casting. Iyi niyo myizerere yibanze. Kubyuma, bitangirana nibikoresho byishyurwa - kugaruka, icyuma cyingurube, ibyuma bisakaye. Ibihumanya nk'isasu cyangwa amabati, ndetse no mu bwinshi, birashobora gusenya imiterere ya grafite mu byuma byangiza. Inkomoko kandi tuyitandukanya neza.
Noneho hariho kugenzura inzira. Gusuka ubushyuhe nibyingenzi, ariko rero nigihe cyo kuvura no gusuka. Kubyuma byangirika, magnesium irashira nukuri. Niba utegereje cyane nyuma yo kuvura nodularizing, igihombo cya magnesium cyiyongera, umubare wa node uragabanuka, kandi ushobora guhura na grafite. Dufite idirishya rikomeye kuva kwivuza kugeza kumpera yanyuma yasutswe. Ikurikiranwa kuri buri bushyuhe.
Ikizamini kidasenya ninshuti yawe. Dukoresha ibizamini bya ultrasonic kubice byingenzi byubaka kugirango turebe kugabanuka cyangwa kubishyiramo. Ariko ikizamini cyo kuvuga cyane ni icyoroshye: gukata no gusesengura microstructure. Turabikora buri gihe kubice byingingo ya mbere hamwe nubugenzuzi butunguranye. Urebye imiterere ya grafite nodule, ingano, nogukwirakwiza munsi ya microscope irakubwira byinshi kubyerekeranye nubuzima bwibikorwa kuruta igenzura rimwe gusa. Nibikumwe byintoki zibyo gushonga no gusuka. Nyuma yimyaka 30, urabyumva. Urashobora kureba kuri microstructure hanyuma ugakeka hafi yo gusuka ubushyuhe no kwitoza. Nibyo bidafatika, igice cyuburambe nta rupapuro rwihariye rushobora gufata neza. Nicyo gihindura igikorwa cya guta icyuma kuva intambwe yo gukora mubukorikori.
