Iyo abantu bumvise 'cobalt alloy casting ibice', ishyirahamwe ryihuse akenshi ni 'imikorere-ikomeye', 'icyogajuru', cyangwa 'imiti yubuvuzi'. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni urwego rwo hejuru rwunvikana hejuru yibintu byukuri byo gukora ibi bice. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo kiri murupapuro rwihariye; ni mugucunga inzibacyuho kuva mu cyuzi gishongeshejwe, cyoroshye cyicyuma kijya mubice bihamye, bitagira inenge bishobora kubaho muri turbine cyangwa mumubiri wumuntu. Benshi bibwira ko ushobora gutera ibyuma, urashobora gutera cobalt. Icyo gitekerezo cyatwaye amaduka arenze make amafaranga menshi.
Amavuta ntabwo ari formula gusa, ni imyitwarire
Gukorana na cobalt-chromium alloys, nkibisanzwe bya CoCrMo, nisomo ryo kwicisha bugufi. Urimo guhangana nibikoresho bifite aho bishonga bidasanzwe kandi bikunda gukora okiside ihamye. Uwiteka cobalt alloy casting inzira, cyane cyane gushora imari dukoresha cyane, ihinduka urugendo rurerure hagati yubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buke, hamwe no gusuka umuvuduko. Impamyabumenyi nkeya hejuru yubushyuhe, hanyuma ukabona amakosa. Gutinda cyane gusuka, ukabona gufunga ubukonje. Byihuta cyane, kandi ufata gaze cyangwa ugasenya igikonoshwa ceramic. Ntabwo ari resept ukurikiza; ni reaction ugerageza gutegereza no kugenzura.
Ndibuka icyiciro cya gaz turbine kashe igice cyimyaka mike ishize. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bwari butunganye, igiti cyibishashara cyari gifite inenge. Ariko twari dufite umusore mushya ku itanura uwo munsi. Yakurikije protocole isanzwe ya nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy natwe dukora. Igisubizo? Icyuma 'pancake' mubibumbano - cyatakaje amazi vuba vuba. Ibice byasaga neza neza muburyo bugaragara, ariko X-ray yerekanaga igabanuka ryimbere mubice byimbitse. Ubushyuhe bwose bwarashize. Wari umunsi itsinda ryinjiye mubyukuri ko cobalt alloys itababarira. Urwego rwo gukomera hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro ninyamaswa zidasanzwe. Ntushobora gukoresha rusange casting amategeko.
Aha niho uburambe bwigihe kirekire, nkimyaka 30+ kumaduka nka QSY, biba bifatika. Ntabwo ari ukugira amayeri yubumaji; ni ukugira isomero ryimbitse, hafi yintangiriro yibitabo-bitera-ingaruka kuri geometrie itandukanye. Wize ko ibice byoroheje bikikijwe na valve bikenera ingamba zinyuranye zo gutambuka no kuzamuka ugereranije nisahani nini yo kwambara, kabone niyo byaba biva murwego rumwe. Ubumenyi buri muburyo bwa injeniyeri kera mbere yuko ibyuma bishonga.
Igikonoshwa cyo gushushanya: Icyerekezo hamwe nuruhu rwa Ceramic
Kubintu bigoye, ubunyangamugayo bukabije ibice bya cobalt, shell mold casting - ubwoko bwishoramari-akenshi niyo nzira yonyine ishobora kubaho. Ubuso burangiye hamwe nuburinganire bwukuri ntagereranywa no guta umucanga. Ariko ceramic shell ubwayo nimpinduka ikomeye. Amavuta ya Cobalt arakora. Niba igikonoshwa gihuza cyangwa ibikoresho byangiritse bifite umwanda wose ushobora kugabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni waho mubushyuhe bwinshi, urabona phenomenon yitwa 'reaction-metal reaction'. Irema ibintu bigoye, bivunika, akenshi byanduye hejuru yubutaka kuri casting ibyo ni inzozi mbi kumashini kandi irashobora guhisha ibice.
Tumaze amezi tuhamagara muri sisitemu ya shell kubikorwa bishingiye kuri cobalt. Nibintu byihariye, ariko intego nyamukuru ikoresha alumina-isukuye cyane hamwe na firigo ya zirconia hamwe na sisitemu yo guhuza silika idafite. Inzinguzingo zo kumisha no kurasa ni ubugome-gutembera buhoro kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane kugirango utwike ibinyabuzima hanyuma ushungure igikonoshwa mubintu bikomeye, inert. Kurasa byihuta biganisha ku gishishwa kidakomeye gishobora gucika mugihe cyo gusuka cyangwa, icyarushijeho kuba cyiza, gukora micro-crake ituma ibyuma byinjira, bikangiza ubuso. Nabonye ibice bisohoka bisa nkaho bifite ubwanwa bwa ceramic. Ibyo aribyo byose gusubiramo, cyangwa gusiba.
Ubufatanye nicyumba cya shell ni ngombwa. Kuri QSY, gukina no gutunganya biri munsi yinzu, bifasha. Abakanishi nyuma bagomba guca ibi bikoresho bikomeye bazahita binubira niba igiceri cyarangiye, kuko ibikoresho byabo ubuzima buragabanuka iyo bakubise hejuru yubutaka. Ibyo bitekerezo byimbere imbere ni ntagereranywa. Ihatira uruhande rwashingiwe gutunga ikibazo kuva itangiye kugeza irangiye, atari kugeza igice cyajugunywe kumusenyi.
Aho CNC Imashini Yinjira Mubiganiro
Oya cobalt alloy casting igice ni 'net-shusho'. Buri gihe ukeneye gutunganya, kandi aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda. Amavuta ya Cobalt azwiho kugora imashini. Bakora-vuba vuba, birababaje, kandi bigumana imbaraga mubushyuhe bwinshi. Igice gikozwe nabi kirashobora kugira imihangayiko isigaye cyangwa micro-crack izatera kunanirwa imburagihe muri serivisi. Niyo mpamvu ibikorwa byahujwe ari ngombwa cyane.
Igice cya as-cast gifite igipimo, sisitemu y amarembo, nibikoresho birenze ('ububiko'). Intambwe yambere akenshi ni ugukuraho amarembo ukoresheje uruziga rucibwa-ibishashi biguruka ahantu hose. Noneho ijya ku ruganda rwa CNC cyangwa umusarani. Guhitamo ibikoresho ni byose. Ukeneye abafite ibikoresho bikomeye, amanota ya karbide ya premium, rimwe na rimwe ndetse na ceramic cyangwa CBN winjizamo kurangiza. Umuvuduko ukonje nubunini ntibishobora kuganirwaho; ugomba kuzuza ibice kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe no koza chip. Chip isubiramo ako kanya yangiza insert.
Twakoze urukurikirane rwimyanya ya cobalt ishingiye kumyanya ya serivise ikomeye. Kwihanganirana hejuru yikimenyetso byari muri microne. Ikibazo cyari uko gukina, nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, byagoretse bike, bitateganijwe. Porogaramu zacu za CNC zagombaga kubaka mubikorwa byo kugenzura 'ikarita' igice cya geometrie nyayo mugice mbere yo kurangiza icyiciro cya nyuma. Yongeyeho igihe, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo kwemeza kashe. Ubu bwoko bwo gutunganya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ntabwo buri mu gitabo; yavutse mugukuraho uduce duke twahenze no kumenya impamvu.
Kuvura Ubushyuhe: Umukino ucecetse-Guhindura
Ibi birashobora kuba ibintu byirengagijwe. Ibiranga cobalt alloy casting bikozwe mumatanura yubushyuhe, ntabwo ari itanura. Umuti uvura, gusaza - ibi bizunguruka bisobanura microstructure ya nyuma, gukwirakwiza karbide, hamwe nubukanishi. Mubyumve nabi, kandi ufite igice hamwe na chimie ibereye ikora nkibintu byubusa.
Ikibazo ni uguhuzagurika. Igice kinini, cyimbitse-igice nigice gito, cyoroshye kuva mubushuhe bumwe ntibishobora kubona igihe kimwe-ubushyuhe. Igice kinini cyibanze ntigishobora kugera kubushyuhe bwibisubizo, hasigara ibyiciro bitifuzwa. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hamwe no gukora prototypes zo kubaga. Imbaraga zikaze nubuzima bwumunaniro ntibyari bihuye igice-igice. Nyirabayazana yari itanura ryumuriro hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira. Tugomba gushora mu itanura risobanutse hamwe na zone nyinshi igenzura hamwe na protocole ikomeye yo gucunga imitwaro. Noneho, kubice byingenzi, dukoresha na thermocouples yashyizwe mubice byibitambo mumitwaro kugirango tumenye amateka yubushyuhe.
Nintambwe ihenze, ariko niyo itandukanya ibicuruzwa biva mubintu byizewe cyane. Ntushobora kugenzura microstructure mubice; ugomba kubitunganya. Ubu bushobozi bwinyuma nibyo bituma utanga isoko nka QSY yizewe kubikorwa byubuvuzi nindege, aho impapuro (imbonerahamwe yerekana ubushyuhe) ari ngombwa nkigice ubwacyo.
Igipimo nyacyo: Isesengura ryananiwe no Iteration
Ikizamini nyacyo cyubuhanga muri ibice bya cobalt ntabwo ari ingingo yambere nziza. Nuburyo ukemura ibitsinzwe. Twari dufite igice cya pompe yimiti yananiwe kunanirwa nyuma yamasaha magana. Umukiriya, birumvikana ko yababaye. Post-mortem yarimo kugabanya igice, gukora isesengura rya SEM / EDS hejuru yamenetse. Twabonye ihuriro ryibintu bitarimo ubutare - birashoboka ko ari agace kavunaguye kavuye mu gikonoshwa cyangwa agace ka slag - kakora nk'ahantu ho gutangirira.
Ibyo byatumye habaho isubiramo ryuzuye: kunonosora ibyuma byayunguruzo mugihe cyo gusuka (twahinduye kuri ceramic foam filter muri sisitemu yo kwinjirira), kugenzura cyane ibishishwa bya ceramic mbere yo guterana, no gushyira mubikorwa byinshi byo gusimba mugihe cyo gushonga. 'Gukosora' ntabwo cyari igikorwa kimwe; byari uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura. Icyiciro gikurikira cyirutse nta kibazo. Ibyo kunanirwa, nubwo byababaje, birashoboka ko byakoze byinshi kugirango tunoze inzira zacu kuruta kwiruka neza.
Uru ni uruhande rudashimishije. Ntabwo ari ukugurisha ubunini bwa 'aerospace-grade'. Nukugira laboratoire ya metallurgiki, sisitemu yubuziranenge, numuco wo gusenya akazi kawe, gushaka intandaro, no guhindura uburyo ukora. Nibyo imyaka 30 y'uburambe bwo kuvuga. Nukwirundanya kwibi bito, byatsinzwe bikosora byubaka inzira yizewe yo gukora ikintu gisaba nka a cobalt casting. Mu kurangiza, igice ni cyiza gusa nkumuhuza udakomeye mumurongo muremure cyane, kuva mubishashara kugeza ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma.
