Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibicuruzwa bishora imari,' bashushanya ibyo bitagira inenge, hafi ya net-shusho ya turbine cyangwa imitako ikomeye. Nibyo urumuri rwo kwamamaza. Ukuri kumaduka ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati ya geometrie nziza kuri moderi ya CAD hamwe na fiziki yinangiye yicyuma gishongeshejwe hamwe nigikonoshwa ceramic. Igitekerezo kinini cyane? Ko aribwo buryo bwa 'precision' muri laboratoire idasanzwe. Nibisobanuro byavutse bivuye ku kajagari kagenzuwe, uburambe, hamwe no gukemura ibibazo byinshi bitigera bigera kurupapuro rwihariye.
Intego yibikorwa: Byose bijyanye nigikonoshwa
Abantu bose bahangayikishijwe nigice cyanyuma, ariko ubumaji nyabwo - ninkomoko yububabare bwumutwe - bibera mucyumba cyigikonoshwa. Ubwiza bwa an gushora imari ifunzwe mugihe cyo gukurikiranya hamwe na stuccos. Nabonye imishinga yananiwe kubera ko ikime kitagenzuwe mugihe cyumye, biganisha kuri micro-crack igaragara gusa nyuma yo gusuka. Ntabwo ari ugukurikiza gusa resept; ni ugusoma icyumba, mubisanzwe. Ubushuhe buva kumunsi wimvura burashobora kugusubiza inyuma amasaha 24.
Ahantu nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), hamwe na mirongo yabo mumikino, iki cyiciro cyo kubaka shell niho ubumenyi bwabo bwikigo butanga umusaruro. Ntabwo bakora ibishishwa gusa; barimo gukora injeniyeri yagenzuwe - ifumbire igomba kwihanganira 1500 ° C + ariko ikavunika bihagije kugirango ikureho igice kitoroshye kitangiza inkuta zoroshye. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane nka nikel-bashingiye kurutonde, ibishishwa byahinduwe kugirango birwanye ibyuma. Igikonoshwa gisanzwe kireba superalloy akenshi gitera kwanduza hejuru, igicucu, gishyizwe hamwe ninzozi mbi kumashini nyuma.
Twigeze kugira ibyuma byuma bidafite ingese aho insinga zakomeje gusohoka zigoretse. Nyirabayazana? Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe budahuye hagati ya ceramic core na shell. Intangiriro yabuzaga icyuma gikomeye cyane kugirango gikurwe muri spec. Gukosora ntabwo byari impinduka ya CAD; yarimo ihindura ubushyuhe bwimbere yubushyuhe mbere yo gusuka kugirango ihindure gradient. Nubwoko bwubumenyi bwa tacit wubaka mumyaka irenga 30, ubwoko butandukanya casting ikora nubunyangamugayo buhanitse.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Birenze Ibitonyanga-Hasi
Abakiriya bohereza ibintu bifatika - 316 bidafite ingese - hanyuma bakibwira ko aribyo. Ariko imyitozo yo gushonga kuri ibicuruzwa bishora imari itandukanye no guhimba cyangwa guta umucanga. Urimo guhangana nubushyuhe buto, akenshi vacuum cyangwa ikirere cya argon, kandi imiterere yintete ikora muburyo butandukanye. Kurwego rwa QSY, kuva mubyuma bya karubone ukajya kuri cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo guhinduranya gusa. Amazi ahinduka, kugabanuka guhinduka kuburyo bugaragara, kandi protocole yo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya casting iba ingirakamaro.
Ndibuka prototype kubikoresho byo kubaga bikozwe muri martensitike idasanzwe. Ibicapo byasabye gukomera runaka. Twakubise numero ikomeye, ariko ibice byari byoroshye. Ikibazo cyari ibintu byakurikiranwe mubintu byasubiwemo (amasoko yongeye gukoreshwa hamwe nabiruka) bigira ingaruka kumpinduka. Twagombaga kujya gushonga inkumi 100%, byahinduye ingengo yimari ariko bikemura ikibazo. Nibutsa ko ibikoresho biri kuri seritifika bitajya biba mubibumbano; inzira isobanura imitungo yanyuma.
Aha niho inzu yuzuye-serivisi yongerera agaciro. QSY's combo ya gushora imari no murugo imashini ya CNC bivuze ko bashobora gutanga inama kubijyanye no guhindura ibishushanyo mbonera. Ahari kongeramo umushinga muto ntibishoboka kubikorwa byigice, ariko barashobora gutanga igitekerezo gitandukanye kibabarira cyane cyangwa kuvura ubushyuhe bugera ku mbaraga zikenewe utabanje gukora igice kidashoboka. Nimbaraga zikorana buhanga, ntabwo ari itegeko ryo kugura gusa.
Imashini yimashini: Aho gukina bihura nukuri
Iki nicyo gihe cyukuri. Uranyeganyeza igiti, ugaturika igishishwa, ugaca amarembo. Noneho ufite casting mbisi. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwa CNC burakubwira byose kubijyanye no kugenzura inzira. Igikorwa gikora neza gitanga amafaranga ateganijwe. Nabonye amaduka aho ishami rishinzwe imashini n’uruganda ruri mu ntambara - abakanishi binubira ahantu hakomeye no guhinduranya ingirabuzimafatizo, uruganda rushinja inzira z’ibikoresho.
Ibikorwa bihuriweho bigabanya ibi. Iyo amakipe ya casting na CNC ari munsi yinzu, nko kuri QSY, ibitekerezo birahita. Niba umufuka uhora ufunze, ibishashara birashobora guhinduka mubutaha. Basobanukiwe ko gukina bitarangiye iyo bisutswe; birangiye iyo ari imashini, yagenzuwe. Kurutonde rwabo rwihariye, akenshi usanga ari ubugome kubikoresho, iyi mikoranire ni ngombwa. Urashobora gushushanya casting ifite ibice binini hafi yingingo zifatika kugirango urokoke guhangayikishwa, ikintu iduka ryimashini ikinishwa neza ntabwo yatekereza.
Ibisobanuro bifatika: gushiraho datum. Nibyiza gushora imari inzira izaba ikubiyemo gushushanya ibishashara n'ibishishwa hamwe na datum yimashini ikoreshwa mubitekerezo. Ibi birashobora kuba udupapuro duto duto hejuru yubuso budasanzwe, butanga ahantu hasukuye, hahamye kumwanya wambere. Nikintu gito kigabanya cyane ibintu bigoye kandi bigatezimbere. Nibitekerezo byanyuma-birangira bisobanura uwatanze injeniyeri ibicuruzwa bishora imari, ntabwo ari ibice gusa.
Kunanirwa nkigikoresho cyo Kwiga (Ubwoko buhenze)
Ntabwo wize rwose gushora imari kugeza igihe wasibye ibyiciro bike bihenze. Kera mugihe cyanjye, twari dufite itegeko kubatwara pompe muri duplex idafite umwanda. Ibice byatsinze X-ray, gupima igitutu, byose. Bananiwe mu murima nyuma y'amezi make avuye kwangirika. Intandaro? Igisubizo kituzuye annealing nyuma yo gukina. Twari twakurikije igihe gisanzwe / ubushyuhe, ariko itandukaniro ryuburebure bwigice muri iki gishushanyo cyihariye cyashizeho misa yubushyuhe yabuzaga intandaro kugera ku bushyuhe bukomeye. Gukosora byari akamenyero ka annealing cycle hamwe nigihe kinini cyo gushiramo. Ibicapo byabakiriya ntabwo byagaragaje ibi; byari kuri twe kumenya aho ubushobozi bwacu bugarukira.
Ubundi buryo bwa kera: micro-porosity mubice biremereye byegeranye nurukuta ruto. Porogaramu yo kwigana ntishobora kubendera, ariko uburambe burabikora. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo ntigishishikaje, nko gukoresha ubukonje mu gishushanyo kugirango uhatire gukomera kure yikibazo, cyangwa no guhindura uburyo bwo kwinjiza amarembo kugirango ugaburire ibyuma neza. Ibi ntabwo aribisubizo byibitabo; ni amayeri utezimbere nyuma yo kubona geometrie ijana itandukanye.
Ngiyo agaciro ka portfolio kuva kera. Igihe QSY avuga ko bamaranye imyaka 30, bivuze mu buryo butaziguye ko bahuye - kandi bagakemura - ubwo buryo bwo kunanirwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma, ibyuma, hamwe naya mavuta adasanzwe. Ubumenyi bwabo bwibikorwa ni isomero ryibibazo byashize hamwe nigisubizo cyemewe, nicyo mutungo ufite agaciro mugihe udataye ibintu byoroshye.
Igipimo nyacyo: Guhoraho, Ntabwo ari Icyitegererezo cya Zahabu gusa
Umuntu wese arashobora gukora prototype imwe itunganye hamwe namafaranga ahagije. Inganda zinganda zitanga numero 1001 ihwanye numubare uhwanye numubare wa 1. Aha niho hajyaho inyandiko zerekana no kugenzura, ariko kandi aho ubuhanzi buhurira na siyanse. Ubukonje bwa slurry, inguni yo kwibira, umwuka wumuyaga wumye - ibi birashobora kuba bisanzwe, ariko biracyasaba abashoramari babishoboye gukurikirana no guhindura.
Kubwinshi ibicuruzwa bishora imari, uku guhuzagurika nicyo kugurisha. Tekereza amazu ya turbocharger yimodoka cyangwa ibikoresho bya sisitemu. Ubushobozi bwuruganda bugaragazwa namakuru ya Cp / Cpk, igipimo cyayo cya mbere. Ntabwo ari ugukora igice kimwe gitangaje nibindi bijyanye no gukora ibihumbi icumi birambiranye, bitagira inenge. Ibi bisaba gukura akenshi bizanwa gusa nigipimo nigihe cyo gukora.
Urebye kubitanga, burigihe ndabaza kubijyanye no kwemeza inzira kubice bishya. Bakora ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa (SPC) kubushakashatsi bwambere? Nigute bakemura imyenda yo gukoresha ibishashara mugihe runaka? Ibisubizo birakubwira niba batekereza birenze gahunda yambere. Intego nubufatanye aho bahinduka kwaguka kwitsinda ryanyu bwite, mugashishikarira gucunga ubuzima bwa gushora imari ibikoresho. Nibwo wimutse ugura ibice ugura urwego rwizewe, rukora ibikoresho.
