Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice byububiko bwubaka', bashushanya iryinyo rusange cyangwa indobo. Iri ni ikosa rya mbere. Mubyukuri, ni isi isobanurwa n'ibitagaragara: kwihanganira icyambu cya hydraulic valve, imiterere yintete yumutwe wimpimbano uhangayitse, cyangwa uburyo guhinduranya ibintu bisa nkibintu bito byoroheje mumazu ya pompe bishobora gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yimashini ikora mugihe cyangwa imyaka icumi. Ntabwo ari ugusimbuza ibyacitse gusa; nibijyanye no gusobanukirwa impamvu yamenetse nicyo usubiza muri sisitemu yihanganira kunyeganyega, ingaruka, hamwe nigitutu abajenjeri benshi bigana gusa. Nabonye imishinga myinshi yibanda gusa kuri moderi ya CAD, nibagiwe ko ikizamini nyacyo cyigice gitangira igihe moteri ihindukiye kurubuga rwuzuye ibyondo.
Urufatiro: Itangirana na Casting
Ntushobora gukora imashini igice cyiza kuva casting mbi. Nibyoroshye. Nkiri muto, ibi nabimenye muburyo butoroshye nashakishaga agace kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe kamwe. Ibice byakozwe neza, bisa neza. Ariko mugihe cyamezi atandatu kuri crane, imisatsi yimisatsi yagaragaye hafi yimisozi. Isesengura ryatsinzwe ryerekanaga umucanga no gukonjesha bidahuye mubibumbano - inenge zashyinguwe munsi yubutaka. Nibwo ubonye ko ubuzima bwigice buteganijwe mbere yuko CNC izenguruka. Inzira yo gushinga ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa; ni code ya genetike yibigize.
Aha niho umwihariko wa fondasiyo ufite akamaro kanini. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, kwibanda kuri Igikonoshwa na gushora imari kubintu bigoye, ubunyangamugayo buhanitse ni niche ifite akamaro kumashini. Ibishushanyo mbonera biguha ubwo buso bwo hejuru burangirira hamwe nuburinganire bwimiterere yibintu nkibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho bya valve, aho gufunga hejuru ni ngombwa. Ku rundi ruhande, gushora imari, ni kuri ibyo bintu bidashoboka, bigoye cyane bya geometrike usanga mubice bya sisitemu ya lisansi cyangwa uduce duto. Ntabwo basuka ibyuma gusa; barimo kugenzura ibidukikije bikomera.
Guhitamo ibintu hano ni urundi rwego rwo guca imanza. Ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa. Kubikoresho byambaye indobo yambaye cyane, urashobora kujya mubyuma bikomye. Kubigize igice kinini-cyinyeganyeza, ahantu hafite umubyibuho ukabije nkumucukuzi wa swaking frame ya brake, ushobora gukenera icyuma-gikomeye, icyuma-giciriritse gifite ibyuma byihariye bya Charpy. Kandi kubidukikije bikabije - tekereza ibice hafi ya moteri ya mazutu cyangwa muri pompe yihuta - niho havamo amavuta yihariye. QSY urutonde cobalt na nikel, ikambwira ko bafite ibikoresho byakazi katoroshye, nko gukora amasahani yo kwambara kumashanyarazi cyangwa ibitambaro bitarwanya ubushyuhe. Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza ntabwo ari imyitozo yo kwiga; ni ikiguzi-cyo gukora-isaha yo kubara.
Gukata neza: Aho Imashini Ivuga Ukuri
Aha niho igishushanyo mbonera gihurira nicyuma, kandi kenshi, aho ibitekerezo bitandukana. Gukina neza birashobora kwangizwa no gukora nabi. Ndibuka umushinga urimo impeta yometse kuri crane nini ya crawler. Inzira nyabagendwa yari ikeneye indorerwamo irangiza na micro-geometrie neza muri micron. Amaduka ya mbere twagerageje yari afite ubunini-bunini Imashini ya CNC ibigo, ariko ingamba zabo zo gukora hamwe nuburyo bwibikoresho byatangije guhuza guhindagurika. Kurangiza byasaga nkaho ari byiza ku jisho, ariko munsi ya profilometero, yerekanaga impinga n’ibibaya byaganisha ku gutemba imburagihe. Tugomba gusiba icyiciro cyose.
Isomo? Imashini ya ibice by'imashini zubaka ntabwo ari ugukora chip; bijyanye no gucunga imihangayiko no kubungabunga ubunyangamugayo. Gukata gukabije gukabije kubintu bitandukanya ibyuma bisaba kwinjiza geometrike zitandukanye, gutwikira, hamwe ningamba zo gukonjesha kuruta kurangiza ibyuma bitagira umuyonga hydraulic. Gukomera ni byose - ntabwo ari igikoresho cyimashini gusa, ahubwo ni sisitemu yose: fixture, ufite ibikoresho, shyiramo. Amaduka abisobanukiwe akenshi azavuga kubikorwa byabo muburyo bukurikiranye, uko bikabije, igice cya kabiri, no kurangiza, bigatuma ibikoresho biruhuka hagati yibikorwa kugirango birinde gufunga imihangayiko.
Ubu buryo bukomatanyije nicyo gitandukanya ibice byumucuruzi nuwitanga ibisubizo. Gusura urubuga rwikigo, nka https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ushakisha ibimenyetso byuku kwishyira hamwe. Berekana ubushobozi bwo gukina no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe? Kubice bikomeye, uku gukomeza ni inyungu nini. Bivuze ko itsinda ryimashini izi ibintu byihariye byo gutoranya ibiranga bahabwa - ahantu hashobora gukomera, amafaranga yo kugabanuka. Barashobora guhindura gahunda zabo za CNC ukurikije guhera, aho kuvumbura ibibazo hagati yumusaruro. Igabanya igihe cyo kuyobora, ariko cyane cyane, itezimbere cyane gukurikiranwa no guhuzagurika, iyo ikaba ari zahabu mugihe urimo ukorana numuyobozi ushinzwe amato ukeneye kumenya neza igice kijya mumucukuzi we 800.000.
Ikizamini nyacyo: Isesengura ryananiwe na Iteration
Ntamuntu uri muri ubu bucuruzi ubona ibintu neza ubwambere. Ubuhanga nyabwo bwubatswe muri laboratoire yo kunanirwa no kuri terefone hamwe numuyobozi wurubuga rwacitse intege. Urubanza rumwe ruza mubitekerezo ni urukurikirane rwo kunanirwa imburagihe kuri flanges ya nyuma yimodoka. Ibice byujuje ibintu byose byumwimerere (ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone), ariko byogoshesha munsi yumuriro mwinshi, kwerekera ibintu byinshi. Gukosora ntabwo byari igice kiremereye; byari bishya. Twahinduye murwego rwohejuru rwohejuru, duhindura ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya no kuzimya uburyo bwiza bwo gukomera, hanyuma twongeramo radiyo nkeya mugice cyambere gityaye kumurongo. Icyiciro cyakurikiyeho cyarenze intera ya serivisi ya mashini.
Iyi nzira irakorwa kandi irafatanya cyane. Birasaba uwakoze ibice kuba birenze gufata-gutumiza. Bakeneye ubumenyi bwibyuma kugirango batange ubundi buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa kuvurwa, hamwe nubufasha bwubwubatsi kugirango bahindure ibishushanyo mbonera kandi biramba. Bashobora gukora isesengura ryibanze (FEA) kwigana kubishushanyo mbonera? Bashobora gukora ibizamini bikomeye, isesengura rya microstructure, cyangwa se isesengura rya ecran kugirango barebe ibigize? Izi nubushobozi bwinyuma-yinyuma ihindura igice kuva mubikorwa n'imikorere igakomera kandi yizewe.
Iragutera kandi gutekereza muri sisitemu. Ipine irashobora kunanirwa bitatewe na pin ubwayo, ariko kubera ko igihuru kizunguruka cyambarwa mu buryo butemewe, bigatuma habaho umwanya wo kugunama utigeze ugenewe. Mugihe rero ushakisha umusimbura, ushobora gukenera kureba ibice byambarwa byegeranye nkigikoresho. Ubu buryo bwa sisitemu burinda inzitizi zihenze zo kunanirwa inshuro nyinshi kandi byubaka ikizere. Niyo mpamvu umubano wigihe kirekire nabatanga isoko bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse, nkabafite imyaka mirongo gukina no gutunganya, ni ingirakamaro. Babonye ubwo buryo bwo kunanirwa mbere kandi bafite isomero ryibisubizo bifatika, ntabwo aribisubizo gusa.
Amasoko hamwe no gutanga urunigi
Reka tuvuge logistique nubukungu, kuko niho imishinga iba cyangwa ipfa. Igice cyiza-cyakozwe neza, cyakozwe muburyo bwitondewe, kivuye kumurongo mwiza - ntacyo kimaze iyo kigeze mubyumweru bitatu bitinze kugera ahacukurwa amabuye y'agaciro muri Ositaraliya, gifite amadorari 200.000 kumunsi. Amasoko ibice by'imashini zubaka ni impirimbanyi ihoraho hagati yubuziranenge, igiciro, nigihe cyo kuyobora. Kandi ikiguzi hano ni ikiguzi cyose: igiciro cyibicuruzwa, imizigo, ibiciro byo gufata ibicuruzwa, hamwe nigiciro cyibanze cyo kumanura.
Aha niho imiterere ya geografiya nubushobozi bifite akamaro. Agace gafite urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwinshi, ibihimbano, n'amaduka yimashini, nkamwe QSY ikora muri, ikora imikorere. Bafite aho bahurira nabatanga ibikoresho, abavura ubushyuhe, ninzobere zo gutwikira hejuru. Ingaruka y'urusobekerane rugabanya ibihe kandi bigatera gukemura ibibazo. Nagize ibihe aho hagaragaye inenge yo gushushanya, kandi kubera ko uruganda rukora imashini n’imashini byari muri parike imwe y’inganda, abashakashatsi bo ku mpande zombi bahuye nyuma ya saa sita ku ntebe y’ubugenzuzi kugira ngo babone igisubizo. Utakaza ubwo bwitonzi hamwe nuduce duto, gusa kugurisha ibintu.
Ububiko bwa digitale nkurubuga rwisosiyete ubu niyo ngingo yambere yo guhura. Ariko umuguzi uzi ubwenge ararengana amafoto yibicuruzwa byuzuye. Urashaka impapuro za tekiniki, ibyemezo byibikoresho (nka Raporo y'Ikizamini cya Mill), n'ibimenyetso bya sisitemu yo gucunga neza (ISO 9001, IATF 16949, nibindi). Urareba niba batondekanya ibirango byimashini zihariye - ibirango bimwe bya CNC bihwanye ninshingano ziremereye. Ibisobanuro kuri QSY kuvuga akazi kabo hamwe na alloys hamwe namateka maremare nubwoko bwibimenyetso bitera ikiganiro cyimbitse, ntabwo ari ugusaba amagambo gusa gushushanya. Irambwira ko ifite ibikoresho bigoye, bifite amajwi make, bifite agaciro kanini kuruta ibicuruzwa gusa.
Kureba imbere: Ubwihindurize butuje
Ejo hazaza h'ibi bice ntabwo byanze bikunze mubikoresho bishya (nubwo ibice bigenda byinjira), ariko mubikorwa byubwenge no kwishyira hamwe. Turimo kubona ibyifuzo byinshi byashyizwemo ibyuma byifashishwa mu kugenzura imiterere. Tekereza ingunguru ya hydraulic ya silinderi hamwe nicyambu cyakozwe na transducer yumuvuduko, cyangwa inzu ya garebox yagizwe hamwe na mount ya sensororo yinyeganyeza. Igice gihinduka amakuru. Ibi birasaba ubufatanye bwa hafi hagati yitsinda ryabashushanyo rya OEM nitsinda ryimashini ikora imashini kuva igitekerezo cya mbere.
Gukora inyongeramusaruro (icapiro rya 3D) kubutare nabwo butangiye kugira uruhare, ntabwo ari inkweto zakozwe na misa, ahubwo ni kuri imwe imwe, igoye, ifite amajwi make, jigs, cyangwa nibikoresho bya prototype bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yateranije. Ni ikindi gikoresho. Intangiriro, ariko, izakomeza gukuramo ejo hazaza. Ubwinshi bwikurwaho ryicyuma hamwe nuburinganire busabwa muburyo bwa toni 40 ya moteri ya pomot ya pomot iracyasaba guhagarika icyuma kinini hamwe nuruganda 5-axis, ntabwo ari printer.
Rero, iyo utetse byose hasi, ukorana ibice by'imashini zubaka ni imyitozo muri fiziki ikoreshwa nubukungu bufatika. Nukwubaha urunigi rwose, kuva mubyuma bishongeshejwe kugeza ubugenzuzi bwanyuma, no gufatanya nababihimbano bibona ko ari injeniyeri, ntabwo ari abakora hasi gusa. Intego ihora ari imwe: kugirango igice kibure. Ntabwo ari muburyo busanzwe, ariko muburyo bukora imirimo yabwo yizewe, mubihe nkibi byubugome, kuburyo uwukora imashini atagomba kubitekerezaho. Kandi ibyo bibaho gusa iyo buri murongo muburyo bwo kurema wahimbwe ufite intego imwe.
