Iyo wunvise 'avance precision machining', ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira kuri micron-urwego rwo kwihanganira hamwe na CAD itanga. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko ni igice cyoroshye. Inkuru nyayo itangira iyo ufite icyiciro cya Inconel 718 kumeza kumeza, icapiro rihamagarira ± 0.02mm, kandi urimo ukora ubushakashatsi kuri drift yumuriro, kwambara ibikoresho uhereye kumurongo wanyuma, kandi niba kwibanda kuri coolant biri ahantu. Icyo cyuho kiri hagati yimyumvire nigice cyumubiri - niho uyu mukino ukinirwa. Ntabwo ari ukugira imashini eshanu gusa; ni ukumenya icyo iyo mashini izakora mubyukuri saa tatu za mugitondo kuwa gatanu.
Urufatiro: Itangirana na Casting
Ntushobora gukora imashini neza muri casting mbi. Nabonye imishinga myinshi yataye umurongo kubera ko umuntu yatekerezaga ko icyiciro cya CNC gishobora gukosora mu buryo butangaje ihinduka ryimikorere cyangwa ubutaka bwo munsi yubutaka. Imashini nigisobanuro cyanyuma, gikomeye, ariko ubunyangamugayo bwigice cyavutse kare. Niyo mpamvu guhuza ibikorwa byo gutunganya no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nko kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye gusa - ni ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Iyo itsinda rimwe rikora imashini igice naryo rigenzura igiceri cyangwa uburyo bwo gushora imari, ukuraho urwego rwose rwo gutunga urutoki no gushidikanya.
Fata akazi kabo hamwe na nikel ishingiye kumavuta. Gukora ibi ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo guhitamo amanota meza. Ugomba gusobanukirwa nintete ziva mubikorwa byo guta, uburyo imiterere yibintu bigabanya imbaraga zikorana nimbaraga zawe zifata, hamwe n’aho utugomo twinangiye dushobora kuba twihishe. Niba casting idakozwe hamwe nibikurikira gutunganya neza mubitekerezo, urimo urwana urugamba rutangaje uhereye kubikoresho bya mbere.
Ndibuka ikintu kigizwe na hydraulic manifold, igice cyicyuma cyoroshye. Igishushanyo cyari gikaze. Uruganda rwatanze imyenda yambere ntirwahujwe nububiko bwimashini. Igisubizo? Ubunini bwurukuta rudahuye inyuma yikimenyetso gifatika, biganisha ku nzozi mbi kurangiza. Ibice bimwe byacitse, ibindi birasohoka. Iyaba ibikorwa byo gutora byari byiza hamwe na coorisiyo ya nyuma yo gutunganya nkinjiza iyobora - ikintu gitanga isoko kimwe QSY ikora nkibisanzwe-ko imyanda no kongera gukora byakwirindwa isoko.
Inzira yinzira ni Ikiganiro, Ntabwo ari itegeko
Porogaramu ya CAM iguha inzira yinzira. Imashini igerageza kuyikurikira. Igitekerezo cyoroshye nuko iyi ari iherezo ryinkuru. Inararibonye ni uko aha ariho ikiganiro gitangirira. Nukuri gutunganya neza, cyane cyane kuri geometrike igoye kuva hafi-net-shusho ya casting, inzira yateguwe ni umushinga wambere.
Ugomba kumva ibice. Ijwi, ibara rya chip nuburyo, itandukaniro rito mubisomwa byimitwaro - byose ni ibitekerezo. Kumubiri wibyuma bidafite ingese, turashobora gukora progaramu yumuvuduko uhoraho no kugaburira. Ariko niba udahindura mugihe urusyo rwanyuma rwinjiza imbere-rwambukiranya urukuta rwo hanze, uzabona ibiganiro cyangwa gutandukana. Igice cya 'avance' ni uku guhuza n'imiterere, hafi ya intuitive, urwego rwo kugenzura rwicaye hejuru ya G-code. Numukanishi cyangwa programmer uzi ko kubwiki cyiciro cyihariye cya 17-4 PH idafite umwanda uva mu gushonga runaka, bakeneye guta ibiryo 5% mumifuka.
Aha niho imyaka 30 yinyuma QSY ivuga iba igaragara. Ntabwo ari imyaka 30 yimashini ikora; ni imyaka 30 yo kubaka isomero ryo mumutwe yukuntu ibikoresho biva muri cobalt bishingiye ku mavuta yo kwisiga kugeza ibyuma bitwara munsi yigikoresho. Iri somero rimenyesha mikoro-ihindura itandukanya igice cyiza nicyiza.
Metrology: Gupima ni Kumenya (Birashoboka)
Dore umutego rusange: kwishingikiriza cyane kuri raporo ya CMM. Ubona urupapuro rwambere rwo kugenzura urupapuro rwagaciro rwose ukibwira ko uri zahabu. Ariko ubushyuhe bw'igice bwari ubuhe? Ese ibimenyetso bya datum byahanaguweho ibisigazwa byose bikonje na micro-burrs? Ese gufatana mugihe cyo gupima byagereranyaga neza gukomera mugihe cyo gutunganya? Niba atari byo, iyo raporo nziza ni umurimo wimpimbano.
Mubikorwa byuzuye, gupima nubukorikori ubwabwo. Dukunze gukoresha uburyo bwuburyo. CMM yo kwihanganira geometrike muri rusange, yego. Ariko kubintu bikomeye bya kashe igaragara, birashoboka ko hejuru ya profilometero. Kuri diametre ya bore muburyo bwimbitse, buto, ibintu byahinduwe neza cyangwa gage ya pin. Intego ni ihuriro-kureba neza ko inkuru zawe zose zo gupima zemeranya. Nagize ibihe aho CMM yavuze ko bore iri kwihanganira, ariko gage ya gage ntishobora gukwira. Nyirabayazana? Icyuma gifata amajwi cyangwa lobing ya CMM yerekana-igicu cyatoranijwe cyabuze. Imitekerereze ya 'avance' ni imwe mu gushidikanya ku makuru yawe bwite.
Kubwisosiyete ikora ibintu byose uhereye kumyuma minini yicyuma kugeza ibice byoroshye bya turbine, iyi filozofiya ya metrologiya igomba kuba nini kandi ikamenya ibintu. Gupima icyuma gikozwe mucyuma ntabwo ari kimwe no gupima uruzitiro ruto rufite ishoramari-cobalt alloy igice gishobora guhindagurika munsi yuburemere bwacyo kuri stade ya CMM.
Ikibuga kidasanzwe cya Alloys Arena: Aho Theory ihura nigikoresho
Umuntu uwo ari we wese arashobora kureba umuvuduko wasabwe kandi akagaburira Inconel mu gitabo. Kubakurikira kugirango bitange igice gifatika nikindi kibazo. Gutunganya neza ya alloys idasanzwe nka nikel cyangwa ishingiye kuri cobalt nubushakashatsi mubitero bigenzurwa. Ukeneye ubushyuhe buhagije muri zone yogosha kugirango ugumane plastike yibikoresho, ariko ntabwo aribyinshi kuburyo ukora-ukomanga hejuru mubice bitanyuranya bizasenya igikoresho gikurikira.
Guhitamo ibikoresho biba hyper-critique. Ntabwo ari ceramic cyangwa karbide gusa izakora. Geometrie yo gushiramo, gutwikira, gushushanya chipbreaker - byose bigomba guhuzwa. Coolant ntabwo ari iyo gukonjesha gusa; ni kubisiga amavuta no gukuramo chip kumuvuduko ushobora kurenga 1000 psi. Kunanirwa muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bw'uruhererekane bisobanura igice cyakuweho, kandi ibyo bikoresho ntabwo bihendutse. Impera yamakosa ni zeru.
Nubushobozi bwibanze kubatanga nka QSY. Kuvuga ibi bikoresho ntabwo ari amagambo; ni ikimenyetso cyuko bashora imari mubikoresho byimashini yihariye, sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyane, kandi cyane cyane, ubumenyi bwabakoresha kugirango bakore neza. Ntabwo ari ubucuruzi bwo ku ruhande; ni ubushobozi bwabigenewe.
Kwishyira hamwe: Imikorere itagaragara
Hanyuma, reka tuvuge kubyerekeranye. Umwanzi ukomeye wibisobanuro ni ukudahuza, kandi kudahuza akenshi biva kuboko. Iyo casting ikozwe muruganda rumwe, ikoherezwa kurindi kugirango ikoreshwe nabi, hanyuma kugeza kumunsi wa gatatu kurangiza, uzana impinduka kuri buri cyiciro. Ibidukikije bitandukanye byubushyuhe, filozofiya zitandukanye zifatika, ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Igikorwa gikomatanyije gikora shell mold / ishoramari casting na gutunganya neza muburyo bwo guhuza bikuraho ibyo bihinduka. Igice nticyigera gikonja kuri leta itazwi hagati yibikorwa bikomeye. Itsinda rimwe tekinike rishobora gutegura irembo ryabakinnyi hamwe n’ahantu hashobora gukorerwa hashingiwe aho ibintu bya nyuma bizakorerwa, bikagabanya ububiko burenze no kugoreka. Yemerera gukora igishushanyo mbonera rwose.
Izi ninyungu zihishe inyuma yuburyo buhagaritse. Ntabwo ari bike kubijyanye na mashini kugiti cye hamwe nibindi byinshi byerekeranye nurudodo rutagira ingano rwo kugenzura kuva icyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza kirangiye, cyagenzuwe. Ibisobanuro ntabwo byakozwe gusa; bitetse mubikorwa byose kuva kumunsi wambere. Iyo urimo gushakisha ibice bigoye, bikora cyane, ibyo gutunga-kurangiza-gutunga inzira ntabwo ari ibintu byiza-akenshi nuburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ibisubizo byanditse.
