Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane', bahita batekereza kuri moteri yindege cyangwa wenda turbine zishingiye kubutaka. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni urwego-rwo hejuru rushobora kubura ibibazo nyabyo, bikomeye byo gukorana nibi bikoresho. Urupapuro rwerekana urutonde rwimibare ishimishije - kurwanya ibimera, imipaka ya okiside, imbaraga zingana kuri 1000 ° C - ariko ntibakubwira ibyerekeranye nintambara mugihe cyo gutunganya, imiterere yintete zidahuye kuva ahantu hashyushye kugeza kurindi, cyangwa ingorane zikomeye zo kubona imyanda isukuye, idafite inenge ivuye muri superalloy. Ngiyo itandukaniro riri hagati yigitekerezo nigorofa.
Umukino wa Casting: Aho Theory ihura na Crucible
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye gukina, cyane cyane gushora imari aribyo umutsima n'amavuta kuri QSY. Hamwe na ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, cyane cyane ishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 718 cyangwa Hastelloy X, inzira yose ni urugendo rukomeye. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gushonga birakomeye, ariko rero nigipimo cyo gukonjesha mubishishwa. Byihuta cyane, kandi utera guhangayika n'amarira ashyushye; gahoro cyane, kandi ubona imikurire ikabije yica imashini nyuma. Twagize ibice bisohoka bisa neza, gusa tunanirwa kugenzura X-ray hamwe no kugabanuka kwisi. Urupapuro rwamakuru ruvuga ko rufite ubushobozi buhebuje, ariko ntirwigeze rusobanura icyo uburyo bwiza busobanura kuri turbine igoye hamwe na bushing yoroshye.
Ndibuka umushinga hashize imyaka mike kubakiriya murwego rwo gutunganya amashyuza. Bakeneye imiyoboro yabugenewe ikozwe mumashanyarazi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ariko igihe cyo kuyobora ububiko bwimigabane cyari kibujijwe. Twasabye kuziterera dukoresheje shell shell inzira dukoresheje ibipimo bisa-byo guterana. Ubuhanga bwa chimie bwari hafi, ariko ntibisa. Ibyiciro bike byambere byacitse mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ikibazo? Kurikirana ibintu-ikintu kimeze nkibintu bitandukanijwe gato muri boron cyangwa zirconium hagati yibikorwa byakozwe na shobuja wa casting - byagize ingaruka kumupaka wimbuto kurwego rwubushyuhe bukabije. Ntabwo byari muburyo bukuru; byari mu bisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, guhindura ubushyuhe bwo gusuka no guhindura igipimo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyane kugirango dushonge. Cyakoze, ariko cyongeyeho ibyumweru byo kugerageza no kwibeshya. Uku nukuri.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga bubara. Kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka irenga mirongo itatu mugikonoshwa no gushora imari, twubatse isomero ryibi bintu byoroshye, bitanditse kuri geometrike zitandukanye hamwe na alloys. Ntabwo ari ukugira itanura gusa; ni ukumenya ko kubintu byihariye bishingiye kuri cobalt, ugomba guhindura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe mbere yubushyuhe butandukanye nubwa nikel bushingiye kuri nikel kugirango ugere kubintu byuzuye mubice bito. Ubu bumenyi ntabwo bwakuweho; byegeranijwe binyuze mubisubiramo, kandi yego, binyuze kunanirwa rimwe na rimwe.
Imashini: Ukuri gukomeye kubyerekeye gutema ibikoresho bikomeye
Niba gukina ari imbyino yoroshye, gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni intambara iyobowe. Imiterere ubwayo ituma ayo mavuta akomeye - ubukana bwinshi bushyushye hamwe nakazi gakomeye - bituma baba inzozi zo gukata ibikoresho. Abantu bakunze gusuzugura ibi. Batekereza, Dufite CNC igezweho, tuzayitindaho gusa. Birarenze.
Ikosa rikomeye nukuyifata nko gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Hamwe nikintu nka Inconel 625, niba igikoresho cyawe kidakaze, niba umuvuduko wawe nigaburo ryanyu byacitse gato, cyangwa niba coolant yawe idakubita ahantu nyaburanga, ntushobora kubona chip nziza. Urabona inkombe yubatswe ku gikoresho, hanyuma igakora-igakomera hejuru yigice ukata. Noneho uragerageza guca uruhu rukomeye, rutanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bikarushaho kwangiza igikoresho. Numuzenguruko mubi uganisha ku bice byakuweho no gusenywa, gushiramo karbide ihenze. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, gutwika dukoresheje bije mbere yo guhamagara ibipimo.
Kuri twe kuri QSY, guhuza imashini ya CNC nibikorwa byacu bya casting ninyungu zifatika. Dukunze gukora imashini yambere itoroshye kubice byacu. Ibi bivuze ko tugomba kubara uruhu rwo gutera, ibishobora kugoreka gato, hamwe nibibazo bisigara biva mubikorwa byo gukina. Twateje imbere murugo protocole yo guhuza ibikorwa no gukurikirana kugirango tugabanye imihangayiko. Kurugero, turashobora gukora imiti igabanya ubukana nyuma yo gutunganya nabi ariko mbere yo kurangiza kwihanganira bikomeye. Yongeraho intambwe, ariko ibuza igice kwimuka nyuma muri serivisi - isomo twakuye mubice byimibiri ya valve yagiye hanze yibitekerezo nyuma yo kubyara bwa nyuma.
Umwihariko muri Alloys idasanzwe: Sourcing Material & Traceability
Urundi rwego rukunze kwirengagizwa ni ibikoresho bibisi ubwabyo. Ntabwo Inconel 718 yose yaremewe kimwe. Imikorere ishingiye ku kweza kwibikoresho byisugi hamwe nubusobanuro bwa master alloy yongeyeho. Twahinduye abatanga ibikoresho mbere kubera umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa azote idahuye hagati yo gushonga, byagaragaye nkubuzima bwumunaniro muke mubice byanyuma. Iyo urimo guhangana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kubisabwa bikomeye, icyemezo cyo gusesengura (CoA) ni bibiliya yawe. Kuri QSY, turagenzura neza kandi kenshi dukora ibizamini bya spark cyangwa isesengura ryibintu byinjira, cyane cyane kuri cobalt cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Ntushobora kugenzura ibyo udapima.
Uku kwibanda ku busugire bwibintu bigera no mubikorwa byacu byose. Kubushoramari, dukoresha sisitemu yihariye ya ceramic shell ihujwe na alloys reaction kugirango twirinde kwanduza hejuru. Umwanda utandukanijwe nigikonoshwa urashobora gukora ingingo idakomeye ihinduka ikibanza cyo gutangiriraho munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro. Nibisobanuro bitagaragara ku bipimo byarangiye, ariko nibintu byose mubuzima bwa serivisi mubuzima bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Isesengura ryo kunanirwa: Umwarimu ufite agaciro cyane
Bumwe mubumenyi bwacu bwagaciro bwaturutse mubice bitabikoze. Kera mukazi kacu hamwe na chromium ndende nikel alloy kubintu bya perolysis itanura, twagize ikibazo cyo kunanirwa. Igice cyacitse kumurongo usa nkudasanzwe. Isesengura ryibyuma ryerekanye sigma icyiciro cyo kwinjiza. Umuti wasangaga ukunda iyo ufashwe mubipimo runaka by'ubushyuhe igihe kirekire. Inzira yacu yo kuvura ubushyuhe, yari isanzwe ikoreshwa kuri alloys, yari yabisunitse muri idirishya. Gukosora ntabwo byari uguhindura casting; byari bijyanye no kongera gushushanya ubushyuhe nyuma yubushyuhe bwo kuzimya muri ako gace k'ubushyuhe bwihuse. Noneho, kuri buri gishya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru umushinga, ntabwo tureba gusa ubuvuzi busanzwe; ducukumbura ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nuburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu. Numwitozo wo kwirwanaho wavutse kumasomo ababaza.
Iyi mitekerereze yerekana uburyo twegera imishinga mishya hamwe nabakiriya. Iyo umukiriya wo murwego rwo kubyara amashanyarazi aje iwacu hamwe no gusaba kubice byabugenewe byabugenewe byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe ukoresheje amavuta adasanzwe, ibibazo byacu byambere ntabwo bijyanye gusa nubunini. Bavuga ibijyanye nikirere gikora (okiside? Carburizing?), Umwirondoro wubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe nibiteganijwe kumaganya. Ibi biramenyesha ibintu byose uhereye kumahitamo ya aliyumu (birashoboka ko urwego rwongerewe na silicon kugirango irusheho kurwanya okiside?) Kugeza ku gishushanyo mbonera cya federasiyo na risers mubibumbano kugirango hamenyekane neza ahantu hakomeye.
Kwishyira hamwe: Kuva Mubishingwe kugeza Byarangiye Igice
Agaciro nyako kuri benshi mubakiriya bacu kuri QSY aryamye muburyo buhagaritse-gukora urugendo kuva mubyuma bishongeshejwe kugeza kumashini, yiteguye-gushiraho. Kuri ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, uku gukomeza ni ngombwa. Umukanishi akeneye gusobanukirwa imiterere yimbere yimbere; injeniyeri yubushakashatsi ikeneye kumenya aho ibintu bikomeye byo gutunganya bizabera kugirango habeho ubucucike bwihariye.
Muminsi ishize twarangije gukora ibitambaro bya turbine kugirango tuzamure inganda za turbocharger. Ibikoresho byari nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy. Mugucunga byombi hamwe na CNC itunganijwe neza murugo, dushobora guhuza. Twataye ibice bifite ububiko bwinyongera mumaso yo gushyingiranwa, hanyuma dukora imiti ishyushye ya isostatike (HIP) kugirango dufunge micro-porosity. Gusa nyuma ya HIP twakoze imashini yanyuma. Uru ruhererekane, rwafashe icyemezo cyo gufatanya hagati yamakipe yacu yo gukina no gutunganya imashini, byemeje ko twakuyeho kugoreka ibintu byose kuri HIP mugihe twagera kubintu byiza. Igisubizo cyari igice gifite imikorere ihamye kuruta niba inzira zagabanijwe hagati yabacuruzi batandukanye.
Ngiyo iherezo. Gukorana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntabwo ari uguhitamo ibikoresho muri catalog. Nijyanye no gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yayo muri buri ntambwe imwe yo guhinduka - kuva mumazi ujya mubikomeye, kuva kumurongo uteganijwe kugeza igice cyuzuye. Imibare iri kurupapuro rwihariye niyo ntangiriro yikiganiro, ntabwo ari umwanzuro. Ibisigaye byigirwa munganda, kugenzura CNC, kandi rimwe na rimwe, mumucyo utangaje wa raporo yisesengura. Numurima usaba, ariko nibyo bituma ukora neza, nyuma yimyaka nyuma yubushyuhe bukabije, kuburyo bushimishije. Bivuze ko wabonye ibisobanuro byose bitagaragara neza.
