Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'igice cyo gushora imari', bashushanya icyuma kitagira inenge, hafi-net-shusho yicyuma, birashoboka ko ari ikintu mubirere cyangwa mubuvuzi. Nibyo urumuri rwo kwamamaza. Ukuri, gusya burimunsi, ni messier nyinshi. Ntabwo ari ukugera kuri geometrike igoye gusa; ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati yubushake, imyitwarire yibintu, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwibikorwa. Igitekerezo kinini cyane? Ko ari igisubizo 'magic' kubice byose bigoye. Ntabwo aribyo. Nigikoresho cyihariye cyane, kandi kugikoresha nabi ni inzira yihuse yo kugura ibirenze no kubabaza umutima.
Intego yibikorwa: Aho Theory ihura na Wax na Ceramic
Byose bitangirana nicyitegererezo, kandi hano niho ukora cyangwa uhagarika akazi. Ntabwo tuvuga gusa ibishashara. Ibishashara ubwabyo birakomeye - igipimo cyayo cyo kugabanuka, ivu ryayo nyuma yo gutwikwa. Nabonye imishinga yataye umurongo kuko umuntu yahinduye urwego 'rusa' ibishashara kugirango abike amafaranga make kuri kilo. Igisubizo? Kugereranya ibipimo hamwe nigikonoshwa mugihe cya dewaxing. Ntabwo ugura ibishashara gusa; ugura imyitwarire iteganijwe.
Hanyuma haza inyubako ya shell. Ntabwo ari ugushushanya urukuta; ni umuhango. Ikoti ryibanze rya slurry, progaramu ya stucco, ibidukikije byumye - ubuhehere nubushuhe bwo kugenzura hano ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Kwihuta mugihe cyo kumisha biganisha kubushuhe bugumye, buhinduka umwuka mugihe cyo gusuka, bigatera ... bidashimishije. Gukubita, ibisebe, urabyita. Nibikorwa bitinze, byubatswe byubaka imbaraga. Buri dip cycle yongeramo igihe nigiciro, niyo mpamvu uburebure bwurukuta murwego rwo gushushanya ari ngombwa. Igice kibyibushye gitunguranye gisobanura kwibiza kugirango wubake igikonjo gihagije aho, guta uruziga.
Ndibuka umushinga wo gutwara pompe, classique igice cyo gushora imari. Igishushanyo cyabakiriya cyari gifite iyi nzira nziza, yoroheje ariko ihuriro ryinshi. Injeniyeri yashinze kumaduka yabafatanyabikorwa - Ndatekereza kumurwi kuri Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY) hano - yashyizeho ibendera ako kanya. Babikora imyaka mirongo itatu, kuburyo babonye byose. Icyifuzo cyabo kwari uguhuza hub, gukora urukuta rumwe. Yongeyeho gato kubiciro byikigereranyo ariko ikiza umutungo mugihe cyo kubaka igikonoshwa kandi igabanya ibyago byo kugabanuka kwinshi muri kiriya gice kiremereye. Nubwoko bufatika bufatika busobanura intsinzi.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo Byerekeye Urupapuro rwihariye
Umuntu wese yibanze kubintu byanyuma - imbaraga zingana, kurwanya ruswa. Ariko imyitwarire ya casting ya alloy niyo igukomeza nijoro. Fata ibyuma 316L. Ni ifarashi ikora. Ariko ibintu bitemba no kugabanuka biratandukanye, tuvuge, 17-4 PH. Gusuka ubushyuhe, igishushanyo mbonera, gushyira ibiryo - byose bigomba guhuzwa kugirango bivangwe. Sisitemu yo gukora ikora neza kubyuma bya karubone irashobora kwicisha inzara igice muri nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy ikomera murwego rutandukanye.
Aha niho amateka yibikorwa byumushinga aba ingirakamaro. Amaduka nka QSY, yerekana urutonde rwa cobalt na nikel mu binyabiziga byabo, bizaba byateje imbere tekinike yihariye yibikoresho byoroshye. Bazamenya ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwibishishwa byabo kugirango babumbe kugirango bakumire ubushyuhe kandi barebe neza. Ubu ntabwo ari ubumenyi bwibitabo; biragoye-gutsindira, uburambe bwuruhande. Ntushobora kubeshya.
Nakoze ikosa hakiri kare, ngaragaza imikorere-yo hejuru ya duplex idafite ibyuma kubintu bya marine. Ibisobanuro byari byiza ku mpapuro. Ariko ntitwigeze tubara neza uburyo bwo gushonga hejuru hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukomera. Igisubizo cyakomeje gushwanyagurika hafi y'irembo. Uruganda (ntabwo ari QSY, ibi byari mbere mubuzima bwanjye) byararwanije nabyo. Amaherezo twagombaga gusubira inyuma, kuruhura kwihanganira kutanegura, no guhindura amarembo, yongeyeho ibyumweru. Isomo? Ibikoresho byateye imbere cyane ntacyo bimaze niba udashobora kujugunya neza. Rimwe na rimwe, iburyo igice cyo gushora imari ibikoresho nimwe bihuza imikorere hamwe na castability.
Gukora Intoki: As-Cast Ntabwo Umurongo Wanyuma
Iyi ni ihuriro rikomeye rihinduka hejuru. Oya igice cyo gushora imari ni mubyukuri 'yiteguye-gukoresha' igororotse kuva kunyeganyega. Ufite amarembo yo gukuraho, isura yo kurangiza, kandi kenshi, ibintu bisobanutse kumashini. Isano iri hagati yo gukina hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ni hafi. Ukuntu winjirira kandi ugashyira igice mubiti bigira ingaruka zitaziguye aho uzaba ufite amafaranga menshi yo gutunganya.
Gutera umwanya mubi bishobora gushyira hejuru yikimenyetso gifatika neza kumurongo wo gutandukana cyangwa mukarere gashobora kudatungana, hasigara umukanishi adafite ububiko bwisuku. Buri gihe nshimangira gusubiramo hamwe hagati yumutekinisiye wa casting na programu ya CNC mbere yuburyo bwa mbere. Bakeneye kuvuga ururimi rumwe. Umusore wa casting akeneye kumenya ubuso ari 'datums' yo gutunganya, kandi umukanishi akeneye kumva itandukaniro rishobora kuba mubutaka.
Iyi mitekerereze ihuriweho niyo mpamvu ibigo bitanga gukina no gutunganya, nka QSY hamwe nubushobozi bwabo bwa CNC, bifite inyungu zitandukanye. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabo kimenyeshwa nibikoresho byabo byo gutunganya kuva kumunsi wambere. Bashobora gusiga 'padi' zifatika kuri casting nkimashini zishakisha, bazi neza uko zizakoreshwa nyuma. Bikuraho urutoki hagati yintoki zitandukanye hamwe namaduka yimashini mugihe habaye kwihanganira ibintu. Igice gifatwa nkigikomeza kimwe kuva ibishashara kugeza igice cyarangiye.
Abatwara Ibiciro: Inzira Zihishe
Abakiriya bahora bashaka kumenya igiciro kuri buri gice. Ariko kugirango ubyumve, ugomba gukuramo inyuma ibice. Umushoferi munini wigiciro ntabwo buri gihe ari icyuma. Kubice bigoye, bifite amajwi make, nigikoresho - shobuja apfa kubyara ibishashara. Niba ukora ibice mirongo itanu gusa, icyo gikoresho cyo kugabanywa cyahinduwe kuri buri gice ni kinini. Aho niho tekinike yihuta ya prototyping ya shobuja, nko gucapisha 3D muri resin cyangwa no mubyuma, birashobora kuba umukino uhindura umukino wa prototyping cyangwa amajwi make cyane.
Icyakabiri nigice kibara kuri buri giti. Ni bangahe ushobora guteranira kumurongo umwe? Ni puzzle ya 3D jigsaw, iringaniza misa yubushyuhe kugirango ikomere, igabanye imikoreshereze y’ibishashara, kandi urebe ko igikonoshwa gishobora gushyigikira uburemere. Kugabanya ubwinshi bwibiti nuburyo bwubuhanzi bukubita igiciro cyigice. Ubuhanga bwubuhanga bwubuhanga bupimirwa hano.
Hanyuma, ubugenzuzi. Igice cya nyakatsi nigice cya gaz turbine icyuma ni byombi ibice byo gushora imari, ariko ubutegetsi bwubugenzuzi buratandukanye nisi. Irangi ryinjira, X-ray, CT gusikana, CMM - buriwese yongeraho igiciro nigihe. Kugaragaza urwego rukwiye rwo kugenzura, rushingiye ku mikorere y’igice ndetse n’ingaruka, ni icyemezo gikomeye cy’ubucuruzi na tekiniki. Kugenzura birenze urugero birashobora kwica umushinga; munsi-yerekana neza ko ari igihe cyo kubiryozwa.
Kunanirwa nkabarimu: Puzzle Puzzle
Wiga byinshi kubitsinzwe byatsinzwe birenze ijana byuzuye. Ibyuka bya gaze ni ibintu bisanzwe. Utwo duto duto, twaka cyane umwobo imbere yibikoresho. Akenshi, amakosa ahita ajya mugikonoshwa - ntabwo bihagije. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, nyirabayazana ari hejuru. Ibishashara ubwabyo birashobora gutega umwuka niba ibipimo byo gutera ari bibi. Cyangwa ibivange ntibyari byangiritse neza mu itanura. Cyangwa isuka yari imivurungano cyane, yonsa umwuka mumigezi yicyuma.
Ndibuka igice cyamaboko ya lever yari afite porosity ihoraho ahantu runaka. Twagenzuye igikonoshwa, ibishashara, isesengura ryicyuma. Ibintu byose byari ugusobanura. Igihe twafataga amashusho yisuka hamwe na kamera yihuta cyane niho twabibonye: umugezi wicyuma wakubitaga urukuta rwiruka rwiruka hanyuma ukarema umuyaga winjizaga umwuka, hanyuma ukajyanwa mu cyuho. Gukosora byari byoroshye, bigoramye biruka kugirango byorohereze urujya n'uruza. Byari ikibazo cyo gushushanya, ntabwo cyari ikibazo. Hatariho ibimenyetso bifatika, twaba tumaze ibyumweru twiruka umurizo.
Nicyo kintu cyo gushora imari. Inzira ifite impinduka nyinshi kuburyo kwigunga ari urufunguzo. Ukeneye uburyo butunganijwe, hafi yubucamanza bwo gukemura ibibazo. Bisaba kwihangana no gufatanya nuru ruganda rufite ubushake bwo gucukumbura nawe, ntabwo rwohereza gusa itsinda ryabasimbuye kandi twizeye ibyiza. Intego ni ugukemura intandaro, ntabwo ari ugupanga gusa ibimenyetso byerekana ubutaha.
Kureba Imbere: Ntabwo bigoye gusa, ahubwo Kwishyira hamwe
Igihe kizaza cyo gushora imari ntabwo ari ugusunika imipaka yinkuta zoroshye cyangwa ibice byimbere. Byerekeranye no guhuza ubwenge kuva mugitangira. Byerekeranye nabashushanya bumva imbogamizi zikorwa - inguni zinguni ntizikenewe, ariko urukuta rumwe hamwe nisangano bigenzurwa ni. Nibijyanye no gukoresha software yigana ntabwo ari igikoresho cyo kugurisha gusa, ahubwo nkumufatanyabikorwa wa buri munsi guhanura gukomera no guhitamo amarembo mbere yuko icyuma gishonga.
Nibijyanye no gukora imvange. Dutangiye kubona porogaramu aho gushora imari bigize umubiri wingenzi wigice, hanyuma ibiranga byongeweho binyuze mubyuma bitaziguye cyangwa gusudira neza. Cyangwa aho ushizemo gukonjesha guhuza, bikozwe hifashishijwe inyongeramusaruro, bijugunywa mubikoresho. Imirongo irimo urujijo.
Ku mutima wacyo, nubwo, ikomeza kuba ubukorikori. Nukwumva gutembera kw'ibishashara, kubaka ceramic, gutemba no gukonjesha ibyuma. Iyo ufashe neza igice cyo gushora imari - ikintu kimeze nkicyuma cya turbine cyangwa kubagwa - ufashe indunduro yubumenyi bwimbitse, bwitondewe. Ni igisubizo cyavutse ku kajagari kagenzuwe, kandi nicyo gitera gushimisha cyane, kandi bitoroshye kurangiza gukosorwa.
