Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice birwanya ruswa', bahita batekereza ibyuma 316 bitagira umwanda bakabyita umunsi. Nibyo byambere, kandi akenshi bihenze cyane, kwibeshya. Kurwanya ntabwo ari binini; ni igipimo cyo kunyerera kurwanya abanzi runaka - chloride, acide, caustique, okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Nabonye imishinga myinshi cyane aho ibikoresho birwanya ruswa ku mpapuro ariko bikananirana mu mezi kuko igitekerezo cyibanze ku muryango wa alloy, ntabwo ari imiti nyayo yabamo. Ntabwo ari uguhitamo kode nziza gusa; ni ukumva igitero.
Kwishushanya
Reka tubone neza: ibyuma byose bidafite ingese ntabwo byaremwe bingana kubora. 304 nibyiza kugeza utangije na chloride yoroheje, hanyuma ukabona pitingi. 316 wongeyeho molybdenum, igura igihe runaka, ariko ahantu hashyushye, umunyu, uhagaze? Bizakomeza kureka. Ndibuka umukiriya watsimbaraye kuri 316 kubice bya pompe zo mu nyanja, akavuga ko aribyo byiciro bya marine. Birengagije igishushanyo mbonera - imigezi ifatanye aho amazi yo mu nyanja yashoboraga kwicara. Nyuma y'amezi atandatu, twarebaga classique ya crevice ruswa. Igice cyari tekiniki ibikoresho byiza, ariko gusaba byari bibi. Gukosora ntabwo byari ibintu bidasanzwe, ahubwo byahinduwe muburyo bwo gukuraho ibice, bihujwe no guhinduranya duplex idafite ingese nka 2205. Rimwe na rimwe ubwubatsi burakomeye kuruta itike yibikoresho.
Aha niho ubufatanye bwo gushinga no gutunganya buba budashoboka. Ntushobora gutumiza gusa kwangirika kwangirika. Inzira yubunyangamugayo itegeka imikorere yanyuma. Niba ufite inclusitions, porosity, cyangwa microstructure idahuye uhereye kumyitozo mibi yo gukina, washyizeho urubuga rwiza rwo gutangiza ruswa, utitaye kumavuta. Isosiyete ibona ibi, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), igomba kugenzura inzira kuva gushonga kugeza irangiye. Imyaka mirongo itatu muri shell no gushora imari bivuze ko bashobora kuba barabonye uburyo gushyiramo uduce duto dushobora guhinduka. Nibintu bya granular, inzira-urwego rugenzura itandukanya igice kimara nigice gisa neza mugihe uhageze.
Kandi kurangiza hejuru - birengagijwe mubyaha. Ubuso butagaragara, busa bufite ubuso bunini cyane kandi bushobora gutega itangazamakuru ryangirika. Nukuri ibice birwanya ruswa, inzira akenshi ikubiyemo gutunganya neza post-casting kugirango ugere ku gaciro ka Ra (ugereranije). Ubuso bworoshye, butambutse neza kubice bitagira umwanda nuburyo bwambere bwo kwirwanaho. QSY guhuza casting hamwe murugo CNC gutunganya ni urufunguzo hano; barashobora kwemeza ko ubuso bwanyuma butarimo kwanduza substrate hamwe nicyuma cyinjijwe mubikoresho, cyakora selile galvanic. Nibi bisobanuro bitagaragara bifite akamaro.
Alloy Gambit: Nickel, Cobalt, no Kumenya Igihe cyo Gukoresha
Ukandagiye hejuru yumwanda, winjiye mubice byihariye bivanze-bishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 625, Hastelloy C-276, cyangwa bishingiye kuri cobalt nka Stellite. Aha niho ibiciro bya ballon, ariko rero birashobora gukora, niba kandi gusa niba bifite ishingiro. Ivi-jerk reaction kubidukikije bikaze ni ukujugunya Inconel. Nagize icyaha. Ariko Inconel 625 ni ibintu bidasanzwe kuri okiside hamwe na acide nyinshi, nyamara birashobora guhura nibibazo byo kwangirika kwangirika mubice bimwe na bimwe bya chloride niba bidakozwe neza nubushyuhe. Ntabwo ugura amavuta gusa; urimo kugura amateka yubushyuhe nubukanishi.
Twagize ikibazo cyo guhindagura ubushyuhe bwurupapuro rwakozwe muri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Ruswa yari idasanzwe, yegereye cyane. Nyuma ya metallurgical post-mortem, yagarutse ku kuvura ubushyuhe hagati butagenzuwe neza, hasigara imbibi z’ingano. Amavuta yari afite ukuri, ariko inzira yo kunanirwa yarananiranye. Iyi niyo mpamvu nitondera itegeko ryabatanga isoko kumurongo wose wagaciro. Kureba muri make urugero rwa QSY - gukorana naya mavuta adasanzwe hirya nohino no gutunganya - byerekana ko bagomba gucunga ayo mateka yose yubushyuhe. Ntushobora gutanga gusa uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kandi wizeye ibyiza mugihe uhuye nabyo ibice birwanya ruswa kuri serivisi zikomeye.
Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo kiratangaje mundane. Kubidukikije bya caustic cyane, icyuma cyitondewe cyitondewe kirimo nikel nyinshi (Ni-Resist) kirashobora kurenza amahitamo ahenze kandi byoroshye imashini. Amayeri afite uburambe bwo kumenya ko ubundi buryo bubaho. Ntabwo buri gihe kijyanye nibikoresho byubuhanga buhanitse ku mbonerahamwe.
Ubwumvikane buke
Dore ibanga ryanduye: gutunganya birashobora kwangiza igice cyiza kirwanya ruswa. Ubushyuhe n'imihangayiko bituruka kubikoresho byo gukata, cyane cyane hamwe na gummy, gukomera-akazi kavanze nkibintu bidafite ingese cyangwa bishingiye kuri nikel, birashobora guhindura microstructure yo hejuru. Urashobora gukora urwego ruto, ruhangayitse, martensitike ishobora kwangirika cyane. Nabonye ibice byiza, bikozwe neza Hastelloy ibice byananiranye kumutwe kuko inzira yo gutunganya yabyaye ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ntabwo yakurikiwe nintambwe iboneye yo kugabanya imbaraga cyangwa kongera gutambuka.
Aha niho inganda zishyizwe hamwe zimurika. Niba ikigo kimwe gikora ishoramari kuri Ikigo cya QSY ni nacyo gikora imashini ya CNC, bafite ubushake nubumenyi bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa neza. Bazi amafaranga yimigabane akenewe kugirango bakureho neza uruhu urwo arirwo rwose cyangwa umwanda. Basobanukiwe gukata ibipimo bya microstructure yabo. Igabanya ibyago byo kuzana intege nke mugihe gikwiye kuba intambwe yo kongerera agaciro.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni urundi rugamba. Gukoresha urwego rutari rwo rwa karbide cyangwa gukonjesha nabi birashobora kuganisha kuri micro-gusudira, kubaka inkombe, hamwe nubuso bwangiritse. Byumvikane shingiro, ariko nibisanzwe mubisanzwe-akazi-amaduka aho bashobora gukoresha aluminium umunsi umwe na Inconel ejobundi badahinduye filozofiya.
Real-World Grit: Umugani wa Valve
Reka nsobanure intsinzi ifatika, ntabwo yavuye mu gatabo ahubwo yavuye mu murima. Umukiriya yari akeneye umubiri munini, wuzuye wa valve kugirango ukoreshe gaze isharira (H2S ihari). Ibisobanuro byasabye kurwanya bikabije guhangana na sulfide. Igipimo gisanzwe CF8M (316 gihwanye) gutora ntakibazo. Twanyuze mubyino yo gutoranya ibintu: duplex idafite umwanda? super duplex? amaherezo kugwa kuri nikel ishingiye kuri alloy casting.
Ikibazo cyari ubunini n'ubunini butandukanye. Kugera kumajwi, bahuje ibitsina badafite inenge yo kugabanuka muri ubwo buvanganzo nubuhanzi bwububiko. Noneho, gutunganya: kwihanganira bore byari bikomeye, kandi igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kuganira cyangwa gutandukana byatera ubuso bubi, ahantu hashobora gutangirwa. Umushinga wagenze neza kubera ko uruganda (umufatanyabikorwa ufite umwirondoro usa na QSY igihe kirekire cyo gukina) rwigana gukomera, rukoresha uburyo bwo gusuka bugenzurwa, hanyuma abakanishi babo ubwabo barigarurira, bakoresheje uburyo bukomeye kandi bagabanya ibicuruzwa kugirango barangize bore. Igice nticyari ibikoresho gusa; byari isezerano ryo kugenzura inzira. Umubiri wa valve uracyari muri serivisi, niyo metero yonyine ibara.
Kunanirwa birigisha. Kera, nashakishije pompe zimwe muri 17-4 PH zidafite umwanda, nibwira ko gukomera kwimvura byatanga imbaraga nyinshi no kurwanya ruswa. Icyo ntabaze nuko kuvura ubushyuhe bwihariye kugirango ugere kuri H900, nubwo imbaraga nyinshi, bishobora kugabanya kurwanya ruswa mubitangazamakuru bimwe. Twabonye imbaraga, ariko muri ubwo buryo bwa acide acide, twabonye umwobo utunguranye. Twagombaga gusubira inyuma no kwerekana ubundi buryo bwo gusaza (H1150), twigomwe imbaraga zingirakamaro kugirango imikorere ikenewe. Isomo: ibivanze ni intangiriro gusa; imiterere yacyo ni amasezerano.
Ikigereranyo cyabatanga: Kurenza Igiciro Cote
Noneho, mugihe ushakisha ukuri ibice birwanya ruswa, ntabwo ugura gusa ishusho ikozwe mubyuma runaka. Urimo kugura ubuhanga bwa metallurgical, disipuline yuburyo, kandi kenshi, ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma. Utanga isoko ashobora kuganira ku mbonerahamwe yo kuvura ubushyuhe ku mavuta barimo? Bashobora gusobanura inzira ya passivation yabo idafite umwanda? Barumva uburyo ibipimo byabo byo gutunganya bigira ingaruka kubusugire?
Kuramba kw'isosiyete, nk'imyaka 30+ ya QSY mu gukina no gutunganya, ni proxy nziza kuri ibi. Bivuze ko bashobora kuba barayoboye ibyo bananiwe kandi bakize. Kuvuga kwinzobere mugukonjesha no gushora imari kubikoresho birimo ayo mavuta adasanzwe ambwira ko byashyizweho kubintu bigoye, bikora cyane aho ruswa yibanda cyane. Gutera ishoramari, byumwihariko, ni byiza cyane kugirango ugere kuri geometrike igoye, yegeranye-net-imiterere-ya geometrike muri iyi miti igoye-imashini, ubwayo ni ingamba zo kwirinda ruswa (gukora imashini nke = ibyago bike byo kwangirika hejuru).
Kurangiza, urupapuro rwerekana ni intangiriro yikiganiro, ntabwo iherezo. Igice kibaho kivuka mubufatanye hagati yubushakashatsi bwamajwi, gutoranya ibintu neza muburyo bwihariye, nibikorwa byitondewe, bigenzurwa. Ni akajagari, itera, kandi yuzuye ibicuruzwa. Ariko iyo ikora, igice gusa ... kibura muri serivisi yizewe, niyo ngingo yose.
