Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guta ibyuma', bashushanya urwego rwicyuma gishongeshejwe hamwe numucanga wumucanga - inzira ivurunganye. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni intangiriro ibura nuance. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari ukubona ibyuma bitemba gusa; iragenzura ibiba uko ikomera, ikonje, kandi igakorwa. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara mugufata ibyuma nkibintu bihendutse, byoroshye. Urwego rufite akamaro, ubwoko bwububiko bufite akamaro kanini, kandi akazi nyuma yo gukina kagena byose.
Ibishushanyo ni Ubutumwa
Ntabwo uhitamo gusa ishusho yuburyo; uhitamo kuruhu. Kubice bigoye, byihanganirwa cyane muri icyuma, hafi buri gihe twishingikiriza kubishushanyo mbonera cyangwa gushora imari. Gutera umucanga bifite umwanya wibintu binini, bigoye, ariko hejuru yubuso hamwe nuburinganire buringaniye bivuye mubisaka bisize ibishishwa biri kurundi rwego. Ndibuka icyiciro cyamazu ya pompe aho umukiriya yashimangiye kumusenyi wicyatsi kubiciro. Abakinnyi basohotse bafite ubuso bumeze nk'umusenyi wuzuye, kandi igihe cyo gukora cyo kubisukura cyahanaguyeho amafaranga yose yabitswe mbere. Ifumbire itegeka 50% yambere yikiguzi cyawe cyanyuma.
Aho niho uburambe bwamaduka bwerekana. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugikonoshwa no gushora imari, ifite ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibikorwa byerekana. Ntabwo ari ubumenyi bwibitabo; nubwoko wiga nyuma yo kubona ibiceri igihumbi bivunika cyangwa bikabyara ahantu hamwe.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu - imiyoboro igaburira ibyuma mu cyuho - ni ubundi buhanzi bwijimye. Suka byihuse n'amarembo atari yo, hanyuma ubone imivurungano, kwinjiza ikirere, hamwe na slag. Nigeze gukora ku bikoresho bigoye cyane aho twakomeje kugabanuka kugabanuka mubice byinshi. Twagerageje byose: guhindura ubushyuhe bwo gusuka, dukoresheje ubukonje. Gukosora? Kongera gushushanya amarembo kugirango ukore icyerekezo cyerekezo gikomeye. Byari impinduka zifatika mubunini bwiruka no kubishyira, ikintu abashya batazigera babona.
Ibikoresho Birarenze Urupapuro rwihariye
Kugaragaza ibyuma bikozwe ni nko kugenda muri resitora ugasaba ibiryo. Icyuma cyijimye (Icyuma cyumuhondo), icyuma cyuma (Nodular Iron), grafite yegeranye… buriwese yitwara nkibintu bitandukanye rwose. Icyuma kijimye nicyiza cyo kugabanya kunyeganyega ariko kuvunika; ibyuma bya ductile bifite imbaraga hamwe no gukomera. Ibintu bivanga hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera inshinge mugihe cyo gusuka gukora cyangwa kumena.
Twari dufite umushinga wo guhangayikishwa cyane. Igishushanyo cyahamagariye icyiciro rusange cya 250 cyicyuma. Ikintu cyumvise nabi. Nyuma yo kuganira mubibazo byumutwaro hamwe ningaruka ziterwa na injeniyeri, twasunitse kugirango duhindure icyuma cyitwa ferritic ductile fer. Igiciro cyibikoresho cyari hejuru, ariko igice cyari cyoroshye, gikomeye, kandi cyarokotse umunaniro ugerageza verisiyo yicyuma cyananiranye. Umukiriya yarebaga igiciro kuri kg; twarebaga imikorere-muri-serivisi.
Niyo mpamvu gufatanya nuru ruganda rukora amavuta adasanzwe ni urusobe rwumutekano. Kumenya ko utanga ibintu nka QSY akorana nibintu byose kuva ibyuma bisanzwe hamwe nicyuma kugeza nikel ishingiye kuri nikel bivuze ko bumva metallurgie kurwego rwo gushonga. Ntabwo basuka gusa; barimo gusesengura ibihimbano, gucunga superheat, no kugenzura gukonjesha. Kubice bisanzwe, birashoboka ko ntacyo bitwaye. Kubintu byose binenga, nibintu byose.
Gukoresha Intoki
Aha niho gutandukana bikunze kubaho: gukina biratunganye, ariko ntibishoboka. Cyangwa ahubwo, irashobora gutunganywa, ariko ntigikora neza cyangwa hamwe nibikoresho byiza byubuzima. Guhindagurika gukomeye kuva kuruhu kugeza kumurongo muri casting, cyane cyane hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha, birashobora kwangiza ibikoresho bya CNC. Umukino usa neza neza urashobora guhisha ahantu hakomeye cyangwa microstructure idahuye itera kuganira no kwangiza ubuso burangiye.
Amaduka ahuriweho afite inyungu nini hano. Niba urwego rumwe rukora icyuma in Imashini ya CNC, barashobora gushushanya kubikorwa kuva bagitangira. Bazi kwerekera igice muburyo kugirango barebe ko amasura akomeye afite ubukana buhoraho bwo gutunganya. Barashobora kongeramo amafaranga make yimigabane ahantu heza kuko inzira zabo zirasubirwamo. Nabaye mumaduka aho itsinda ryimashini hamwe ninganda zirwanira kurugamba, dushinja mugenzi we. Nuburyo buhenze bwo gukora.
Urebye uko QSY yashyizeho, guhuza casting no murugo CNC gutunganya ni iterambere ryumvikana. Ifunga uruziga. Barashobora guterera umubiri wicyuma cyumubyimba, kurugero, hamwe na flanges yibice hamwe nibyambu bihuza, hanyuma ugashiraho imashini zifunga kashe hamwe nu mwobo wurudodo muburyo bumwe. Igitekerezo kirahita: niba igikoresho cyambaye vuba cyane mugice runaka, barashobora kugisubiza inyuma mugishonga cyangwa igihe cyo gukonja. Ubwo bugenzuzi buragoye kubwigana mugihe wohereje ibicuruzwa bikabije mugihugu cyose mumaduka atandukanye.
Iyo Ibintu Bitagenda neza (Bakora)
Isesengura ryananiwe numwarimu mwiza. Kera, nari nshinzwe gukora imibiri mito ikora ibyuma. Batsinze ubugenzuzi bwambere ariko batangira gucika mumurima nyuma yubushyuhe buke. Nyirabayazana? Imyitwarire isigaye iturutse ku gukonja kutaringaniye. Ntabwo twigeze dusobanura uburyo bwo kugabanya ibibazo nyuma yo gukina, tuvuze ko geometrie yoroshye bihagije. Byari isomo rihenze. Noneho, kubice byose bifite ibice bitandukanye cyangwa serivisi munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo guta nikintu cya mbere ntekereza.
Ubundi buryo bwa kera ni porosity. Ntabwo buri gihe ari inenge yo gukina; rimwe na rimwe ni igishushanyo mbonera. Umukiriya yigeze kutwoherereza moderi ya CAD ifite ishusho nziza, kama ifite ibice byinshi byimbitse bivanze nurukuta ruto. Wari umutego. Tugomba kuganira kubijyanye no guhindura ibishushanyo - kongeramo imbavu, kuzenguruka ahantu habyimbye - kugirango bishoboke. Igishushanyo cyiza cya casting akenshi ntabwo ari igishushanyo mbonera cyiza. Nubwumvikane, buyobowe no gutembera no gukomera kwicyuma.
Igice kibaho. Ikimenyetso cyumushinga mwiza ntabwo ari inenge zeru; nuburyo babifata, uko bakurikirana intandaro, nuburyo bahindura ikarita yuburyo bukurikira. Ndaha agaciro uwatanze isoko yohereza raporo hamwe namafoto yinenge, igice cyerekanwe cyerekana ububi, hamwe nigitekerezo cyo guhindura amarembo cyangwa gusuka ubushyuhe burenze bumwe busimbuza igice gusa.
Ikigereranyo Cyukuri
Hanyuma, imyumvire ikomeye yibeshya: ibyo icyuma ni burigihe ihendutse. Kuri rimwe cyangwa uduce duto, birateye ubwoba. Ibiciro byonyine byica. Ariko iyo ukubise amajwi - vuga, ibice magana make kumwaka no hejuru - ubukungu burahinduka. Igiciro cyibiciro cyaragabanutse. Kuzigama nyabyo, nubwo, biva hamwe. Gukina bigufasha guhuza ibice byinshi byahimbwe murimwe, ukuraho ibifunga, imirimo yo guterana, hamwe nibishobora gutsindwa.
Twongeye gushushanya ibice byubatswe bikozwe mu byuma birenga icumi byaciwe na lazeri. Gushya ibyuma bishya byimyanda byoroheje byari 15% byoroshye, 40% bikomantaje, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo guterana kuva kumasaha niminota. Igiciro cyibikoresho cyari gikomeye, ariko cyahinduwe hejuru yumusaruro, igice cyo kuzigama cyari kinini. Agaciro kari mubikorwa no guteranya inteko, ntabwo ari ibikoresho bibisi gusa.
Ngiyo iherezo. Ntabwo ari uguhitamo ibyuma kuko gakondo cyangwa bihendutse. Nibijyanye no kubihitamo kuko nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo gukora geometrie runaka hamwe nibikoresho bisabwa, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe no kubumba neza no gutunganya imashini. Ninzira ihemba ubumenyi bwimbitse, bwitondewe kandi buhana shortcuts. Iyo bikozwe neza, hamwe numufatanyabikorwa ukwiye kumurimo, ibisubizo nibintu byunvikana, bikora neza, kandi mvugishije ukuri, gusa bisa nkaho byari bigamije.
