Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibikoresho byo guta ibishashara byatakaye', bahita batekereza ibishashara ubwabyo. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ibishashara ni intangiriro gusa, scafold yigihe gito. Inkuru nyayo yibintu itangira nyuma yumushashara. Byerekeranye no gusebanya, stucco, icyuma usuka, ndetse numwuka mumatanura yawe yaka. Kubona kimwe muri ibyo bitari byo bisobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutora amajwi hamwe nikirundo gihenze. Nabonye imishinga myinshi itananirwa kuko umuntu yatumije ifu yishoramari 'isanzwe' atitaye ku kwagura ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa igice cya geometrie.
Urufatiro: Byose Bitangirana nigikonoshwa cyiza
Reka tuganire kubyerekeranye. Igishoro cyishoramari ntabwo ari 'plaster' gusa. Kubikorwa byinshi bya injeniyeri, cyane cyane hamwe n-ibishonga byinshi, urimo ukorana na sisitemu ishingiye kuri silika, akenshi ifu ya silika cyangwa ifu ya zircon. Binder ni urufunguzo - silike ya Ethyl cyangwa silika ya colloidal. Ihuriro rya siloidal silika riramenyerewe cyane kurubu kugirango rihamye, ariko sisitemu ya silike ya Ethyl irashobora kuguha ubuso bukaze kurangiza kuri geometrike zimwe na zimwe, nubwo bigoye kubikemura. Guhitamo hano bigena gahunda yawe yose yo kumisha. Byihuta cyane, kandi ubona uduce; gahoro cyane, kandi umurongo wawe wo kubyara urasya guhagarara.
Ndibuka icyiciro cya nikel gishingiye kuri superalloy turbine blade twakoze. Icapiro ryahamagaye urukuta rudasanzwe. Twifashishije ibipimo bisanzwe bya zircon, ariko stucco yari igipimo kitari cyo - umucanga wari muto cyane. Ntabwo yigeze ifunga muburyo bwiza kuri izo mpande nziza. Igisubizo? Kwinjira kwicyuma, hejuru yubutaka bwafashe imyaka kugirango imashini isukure. Isomo ni uko ibikoresho byo guta ibishashara kuberako igikonoshwa kigomba guhuzwa nicyuma gusa, ariko nubunini buranga. Kubisobanuro birambuye, ugenda neza hamwe na stucco yawe uhereye kumyenda yambere, nubwo bivuze kongeramo ikote cyangwa bibiri kubwimbaraga.
Aha niho uburambe buva kumaduka maremare afite akamaro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe n'imyaka 30 yabo gushora imari no gutunganya, bizagira formulaire zidahwitse hamwe na stucco amanota yahamagaye mumiryango itandukanye. Ntabwo bagura gusa 'ishoramari' rusange; bayobora isomero ryibikoresho byo guhuza ibyuma hamwe na cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta, urugero. Ubwo bumenyi bwinzego mugutegura ibikoresho nibyo urimo kwishyura.
Igishashara ubwacyo: Ntabwo byose byaremewe kimwe
Subira mu gishashara. Birasa nkibyoroshye, ariko ni polymer ivanze neza. Ufite ibishashara byawe, ibishashara byawe, n'ibishashara byawe. Bafite ingingo zitandukanye zo gushonga, viscosities, nigipimo cyo kugabanuka. Gukoresha ibishashara bito-byo gusana ibishashara hejuru-byashushanyije birashobora gutera kugoreka mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa mugihe cyambere cyo guta. Umutwe munini ni kwagura ibishashara. Niba ibishashara byawe byagutse cyane ku bushyuhe runaka, birashobora kuvunika icyatsi kibisi cyiza mugihe cya autoclave dewaxing. Poof, hajyaho ifu yawe.
Twigeze guhindukira mugutanga ibishashara 'bihendutse' kugirango dukoreshe ibintu byinshi bidafite ibyuma. Ibipimo byo gutera ibishashara byari byazimye gato, kandi ibishashara byagabanutse cyane. Byasaga nkibyiza kugeza igihe twatangiriye guteranya cluster - ibishushanyo byahoraga-byoroheje, bitera imirongo idahuye kumukino wanyuma. Kuzigama ku gishashara byahanaguweho inshuro icumi na NDT y'inyongera no gutunganya ibikenewe. Noneho, dukomezanya kuvanga kandi tugakoresha ibizamini bito kumushinga uwo ariwo wose. Igishashara ni igishushanyo mbonera; niba ari bibi, ibintu byose byo hepfo ni bibi.
Kuzuza Ibyuma: Aho Ubumenyi bwibintu bubona ukuri
Iki nigice kigaragara, ariko cyuzuyemo ubuhanga. Urupapuro rwamakuru kuri 316L rutagira umwanda ni ikintu kimwe; burya ubwo bushyuhe bwibyuma bukorana nigikonoshwa cyawe cyihariye cyo gusuka ubushyuhe nubundi. Amazi, ubushyuhe bwo kurira, imyitwarire yo kugabanuka - byose murirambuye. Hamwe nudusimba twihariye nka nikel cyangwa cobalt ishingiye kurutonde rwa QSY, kugenzura birakomeye. Iyi mavuta ikunze kuba reaction. Niba igikonoshwa cyawe gifite chimie itari yo cyangwa ntigicumure neza, urashobora kubona igicucu kibi cyo hejuru kibi cyo gukuraho.
Gutegura no kugaburira igishushanyo ni igice cya ibikoresho byo guta ibishashara ikiganiro. Ibikoresho bya riser (akenshi bivanze kimwe) nigitambo kibarwa. Ingano yacyo no kuyishyira hamwe nigikorwa cyurwego rukomeye. Urwego rurerure ruvanze rukeneye ingamba zitandukanye zo kugaburira kuruta urwego rugufi. Nabonye ibishishwa byiza bisuka neza, gusa nsanga kugabanuka kwinshi mubice byimbitse kuko riser yimuwe cyangwa nto cyane. Icyuma cyagombaga 'gutondeka', ariko igishushanyo nticyubahirije ibintu bifatika.
Umukinnyi Utagaragara: Inzira yo gutwika
Akenshi birengagizwa murutonde rwibikoresho ni itanura ryikirere. Inzira yo gutwika ikora imirimo ibiri ikomeye: ikuraho ibishashara (itavunaguye igikonoshwa) kandi icumura igikonoshwa muburyo bukomeye, bwa shimi. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, bifata, hamwe n'ibidukikije (umwuka, azote) byose bigize 'ibintu bifatika'. Igitero gikabije kirashobora guhuha ibisasu usibye umuvuduko wamazi. Ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo kurasa butuma igishishwa kidakomera kandi gikunda kwinjira mubyuma.
Kubintu bitoroshe cyangwa ceramic muyunguruzi imbere yibibumbano, inzinguzingo yo gutwika irakomeye cyane. Ibi nibikoresho bitandukanye byubutaka hamwe no kwaguka kwabo. Niba bidahuye nigikoresho nyamukuru cyibikoresho byo kwagura ubushyuhe, urabona ibibazo. Ni sisitemu. Ntushobora kugura gusa 'ibikoresho byiza' by'ibikonoshwa n'ibikoresho 'byiza'; ugomba kwemeza ko bakorana binyuze muri cycle yumuriro wose. Uyu ni umutego wa kera muri prototyping.
Kunanirwa nkumwarimu: Ibitekerezo bibi
Kunanirwa kwanjye kwishuri kwari ikintu kiringaniye, kimeze nk'isahani mu byuma byangiza. Twakoresheje ibisanzwe bisanzwe bya silika. Igice cyasohotse cyunamye, nka chip y'ibirayi. Ibikoresho byari byiza, igikonoshwa nticyari cyiza. Ikibazo cyari gikonje gitandukanye. Impande zoroheje zarakomeye kandi zabanje kugabanuka, zikurura kuri centre ikiri gushonga, hanyuma igakomera mukibazo. Igikonoshwa ubwacyo, nubwo cyananiranye, ntabwo cyari gifite uburyo bwiza bwo gutwarwa cyangwa ubushyuhe bwumuriro kugirango biteze imbere gukonja. Twabikemuye duhinduranya sisitemu ya shell hamwe nibirimo alumina yo hejuru kuri ako kazi kihariye, kahinduye imbaraga zo gukuramo ubushyuhe, no kongeramo imbavu zo gukonjesha muburyo bwibishashara ubwabyo. Byanyigishije ko ibikoresho byabumbwe bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukomera, ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye.
Kuzana Byose hamwe: Amaduka Igorofa
Iyo rero urimo gusuzuma ibikoresho byo guta ibishashara, ntabwo urimo gutoragura ibintu mukibanza. Urimo gutegura urunigi rwibintu bihuye, bifatika. Ibishashara bigomba gukorana nibikoresho byawe no guteranya. Igikonoshwa kigomba gukorana nuburyo bwo kuvanaho ibishashara, ubushyuhe bwicyuma gisuka, hamwe nuburyo bukomeye. Icyuma kigomba kuba kiri murwego kandi cyiza kijyanye na stress igice kizabona. Hanyuma, inzira yose igomba kuba ihamye bihagije kugirango isubirwemo, icyiciro nyuma yicyiciro.
Niyo mpamvu gufatanya nabashinzwe ubunararibonye atari ugutanga intambwe gusa. Urimo gukanda mubwimbitse bwabo, akenshi bigoye-gutsindirwa, ibikoresho nibikorwa byububiko. Firime nka QSY ntabwo ari ugurisha gusa; barimo kugurisha uburyo bukwiye bwimyaka mirongo itatu yimikoranire yibintu - kumenya igishishwa gitanga ubuso bworoshye kuri bo idasanzwe, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhindura preheat kubintu bigoye byoroheje-urukuta. Ibikoresho nibikoresho, ariko resept nyayo iri mubitabo byamaduka hamwe nabatekinisiye. Urashobora kugura ifu n'ibishashara bimwe bakora, ariko udafite iyo miterere, urizera ibyiza gusa. Muri uyu mukino, ibyiringiro ntabwo ari ingamba.
