Iyo wunvise 'impeta ya valve', benshi batekereza kubintu byoroshye byo gufunga. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Mubyukuri, a impeta ni Imigaragarire ikomeye, imyenda igena ubuzima bwa serivisi nubusugire bwa sisitemu. Ntabwo ari ugufata igitutu gusa; ni bijyanye no gucunga ubwumvikane buke, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, hamwe nibikoresho bihuza munsi yimitwaro ifite imbaraga. Nabonye imishinga myinshi aho impeta yari yatekereje, biganisha kunanirwa imburagihe. Ukuri nukuri, imikorere yacyo akenshi ni icyuho cyinteko yose ya valve.
Ibikoresho bifatika: Ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa
Kugaragaza ibikoresho bya a impeta niho inyigisho ihura na gride. Mubisanzwe. Ihamagarwa rusange ryibyuma nibisubizo byikibazo. Irakorera mubidukikije bya gaze? Ushobora kuba ureba super duplex cyangwa amavuta ashingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 625. Impeta ntabwo yicaye gusa; ihora ishishikaje kandi itesha agaciro. Twari dufite ikibazo cyumukiriya murwego rwimiti aho impeta zisanzwe 316L zangirika kandi zikazunguruka mumezi. Isesengura ryatsinzwe ryerekanaga chloride iterwa no guhangayika. Igisubizo ntabwo cyari uguhindura amanota gusa; byari impinduka muburyo bwose bwo gukora.
Aha niho ibishingwe bifite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibintu biba ingirakamaro. Nakoranye nabatanga nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ku bibazo bisa. Imyaka mirongo itatu muguterera amavuta yihariye ntabwo ari ikibanza cyo kugurisha gusa. Kubwumushinga wumuvuduko ukabije wamazi, dukeneye impeta mumashanyarazi ashingiye kuri cobalt (Stellite 6) kugirango twambare bikabije kandi birwanya ubushyuhe. Ikibazo nticyari ugutera gusa; yari igeze kuri microstructure ya homogeneous kugirango irinde gucika mugihe cya CNC yatunganijwe. Ubunararibonye bwa QSY hamwe nigishishwa cyibishishwa hamwe nishoramari ryibi bisobanuro bivuze ko bashobora gutanga inama kubushyuhe bwiza mbere yubushyuhe hamwe na sisitemu ya gati kugirango bagabanye imihangayiko yimbere kuva bagitangira. Ubwo bumenyi bufatika, butunganijwe murwego nicyo gitandukanya utanga ibice nabafatanyabikorwa bakora.
Guhitamo hagati yo gutoranya bigira ingaruka kumpera yanyuma. Kuri geometrike igoye cyangwa hejuru yo hejuru kurangiza, gushora imari ni umwami. Ariko kuri bimwe-binini cyane, imyirondoro yoroshye, ikozwe neza shell shell casting irashobora gutanga igiciro cyiza-cyimikorere. Urufunguzo ni ugusobanukirwa ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga: gushora imari birashobora kuguha ishusho-hafi isaba imashini nke, ariko kumiryango imwe n'imwe ivanze, imiterere yintete nziza kuva mubishishwa bishobora kuba byiza cyane. Nta gisubizo rusange.
Icyitonderwa ni inzira, ntabwo ari intambwe
Ntushobora guterera neza impeta biteguye kwishyiriraho. Igice cya as-cast ni ubusa. Ubumaji nyabwo-kandi aho gutsindwa kwinshi kugaragara-biri mubikorwa. Kwihanganirana kumpeta yimpeta, kugaragara neza, no kurangiza hejuru (akenshi Ra 0.4 cyangwa byiza) ni ubugome. Ndibuka icyiciro aho impeta zanyuze kuri cheque zingana ariko zitera kumeneka. Ikibazo? Urwego rwa micrometero kurwego rwo gufunga rutafashwe nigipimo gisanzwe cya Ra. Byasabye profilometero hamwe numukanishi wunvise ko urupapuro rwanyuma rwo kurangiza rukeneye inzira igikoresho cyihariye kandi gikomeye.
Ibi bishimangira ko hakenewe inganda zihuriweho. Kugira casting na CNC gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nkuko QSY ibikora, ikuraho ibyago byinshi. Abakanishi baho bakorana na casting uruganda rwabo rutanga. Bazi imyitwarire yihariye yibintu, ubushobozi bwibibanza bigoye, hamwe nibiryo byiza n'umuvuduko. Uku gukomeza gukumira umukino wambere wo gushinja hagati yumucuruzi wa casting nu iduka ryimashini mugihe igice cyatsinzwe. Gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse: niba igikoresho cyambaye vuba cyane mugihe cyo guhindura impeta ya nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, itsinda ryashinzwe rishobora gusuzuma amakuru yo kuvura ubushyuhe muri kiriya cyiciro mugihe nyacyo.
Igishushanyo mbonera ni iyindi ntwari itaririmbwe. Gufata impeta yoroheje, ikomye impeta ya valve itagoretse mugihe cyo gutunganya bwa nyuma nubuhanzi. Twavuye mubisanzwe bitatu-jaw chucks tujya kubimenyerewe, mandrale ihagaze neza ifata indangamuntu hamwe nigitutu cyagenzuwe. Gutandukana kwose mugihe cyo gutunganya bizasubira inyuma nyuma, bigakora inzira yamenetse. Nibintu bitangaje, iduka-igorofa wiga gusa ukoresheje gusubiramo kandi, mvugishije ukuri, ukoresheje ibice bike bihenze.
Uburyo bukwiye & Kunanirwa Ntusoma Ibyerekeye
Kwishyiriraho niho impeta yuzuye ishobora kwangirika. Umva kwicara neza nikintu imfashanyigisho idafata. Ntabwo ari torque yonyine. Ku mpeta zicaye ku cyuma, hariho inzira yo gukora. Twigeze guteranya urutonde runini rwa bore valve rwujuje buri kintu ariko rusakuza kandi rushyuha mugihe cya mbere cyikizamini. Ikibazo? Inteko yari ifite isuku cyane. Agace gato, kagenzuwe neza (rimwe na rimwe gusa ni urwego rwa micron-urwego) rwari rukenewe mugihe cyo gutangira kwambere kugirango ushireho kashe ihuza. Hatabayeho kwambarwa kwambere, ibibanza birebire hejuru yubukwe byahuzaga hamwe munsi yumutwaro.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa burigihe busubira mubibazo bya sisitemu, ntabwo impeta ubwayo. Icya kera ni gusiganwa ku magare bitera kwaguka gutandukanye. Umubiri wa valve nibikoresho byimpeta bifite coefficient zitandukanye. Niba impeta ikwiranye cyane ku bidukikije ariko igenewe ubushyuhe bwo gukora, irashobora guhambira no kuvunika mugitangira. Ku rundi ruhande, igikwiye gikwiye ku bushyuhe gishobora kuba kidakabije ku bidukikije, biganisha ku nyundo no kwambara. Njye namaze ibyumweru hamwe na thermocouples hamwe nugupima ibipimo byerekana iyi myitwarire kumurongo wikizamini kugirango nsobanure neza. Ntabwo ari umubare gusa wo mu gitabo.
Isuri nubundi bwicanyi bwicecekeye, cyane cyane mugucunga cyangwa kuniga valve. Itangazamakuru, akenshi hamwe nuduce, rigabanya ibikoresho byimpeta. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo kirwanya-intuitive: ibintu byoroheje gato birashobora kuba byiza kuko bikurura ingaruka zingingo aho kuvunika. Twagerageje ibi hamwe nicyuma gikomeye hamwe nuburyo buhindagurika butagira umwanda muburyo bworoshye; impeta yoroshye yambaraga cyane kandi yamara inshuro eshatu mbere yuko kumeneka kurenga imipaka. Yamaganye isanzwe idasanzwe ni imitekerereze myiza.
Kurenga Ibisanzwe: Mugihe Ukeneye Hybrid
Rimwe na rimwe, icyuma cya monolithic impeta ntabwo aricyo gisubizo. Kuri serivisi zikomeye zirimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibitangazamakuru byangirika, twimukiye mubikorwa bya injeniyeri. Tekereza umubiri wimpeta yicyuma (kubwimbaraga zubaka hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro) hamwe na plasma yimuwe na arc (PTA) yasudiranye igitsure cyoroshye mumaso yo gufunga. Cyangwa, mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe bikomeye bya shimi, impeta hamwe na PTFE cyangwa Graphite winjizamo kashe yibanze. Igishushanyo nogukora bigoye gusimbuka cyane.
Gukora impeta yimvange yizewe ni bijyanye no gucunga intera. Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe hagati yicyuma fatizo nicyerekezo kireba bigomba guhuzwa. Niba atari byo, igifuniko kirahagarara muri serivisi. Nabonye Stellite nziza itwikiriye neza nkuruhu rwa orange kuko substrate yari icyuma gike cyane kandi gifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwaguka. Uruhare rwabatanga isoko ruva mubikorwa byera bijya hamwe. Bakeneye ubushobozi bwa metallurgjiya kugirango bahitemo ibikoresho bihuye no kugenzura inzira (nkubushyuhe bwuzuye mbere yubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwa interpass mugihe cyo gusudira) kugirango babikore. Isosiyete nka QSY, hamwe namateka yayo haba murwego rwo hejuru no gutunganya imashini zidasanzwe, ihagaze kubikorwa nkibi kuko igenzura urunigi rwose kuva gushonga kugeza kuri geometrie yuzuye.
Gahunda yo kwipimisha kuri ibi bice nayo iratandukanye. Kurenga ibizamini byumuvuduko usanzwe, urareba ibipimo byumuriro wumuriro hamwe nu byuma byambukiranya ibice kugirango ugenzure guhuza no kubura micro-crack kuri interineti. Ni icyemezo. Ntabwo ugura igice gusa; wujuje ibyangombwa byo gukora.
Kureba Inyuma: Impeta nka Sisitemu Barometero
Nyuma yimyaka yo guhangana nibi bice, naje kureba impeta nk'igikoresho cyo gusuzuma. Imiterere yacyo mugihe cyo kubungabunga ivuga inkuru yubuzima bwa valve yose: amanota yerekana kudahuza cyangwa kwanduza; kwambara kimwe byerekana serivisi zisanzwe; Ahantu hacururizwa hagaragara kuri cavitation cyangwa ruswa. Nibintu byambere byerekana ibimenyetso byikibazo kinini cya sisitemu.
Iyi myumvire ihindura ingamba zo gutanga amasoko. Ntabwo bikiri kugura impeta ihendutse yo gusimbuza. Nibijyanye no gushakira ibice umufatanyabikorwa wumva uruhare rwayo muri sisitemu. Ukeneye uwaguhaye isoko abaza ibibazo bijyanye na porogaramu - igitutu, ubushyuhe, itangazamakuru, inshuro zingana - kandi ashobora gutanga inama kubijyanye no guhitamo ibikoresho. Intego ni ukuvana mubikorwa byubucuruzi ukajya mubufatanye bwa tekiniki aho impeta ikozwe mumurimo wihariye, ntabwo byatoranijwe kurutonde.
Mu gusoza, impeta yoroheje ya valve ikubiyemo imbogamizi zose zinganda zikora inganda: siyanse yibintu, ubwubatsi bwuzuye, tribologiya ifatika, hamwe nibitekerezo bya sisitemu. Kubisobanukirwa neza wumva bidashimishije, ariko nimwe murutsinzi ruto rutuma ibindi byose bigenda. Kandi iyo ubonye nabi, ni isomo rihenze cyane, risobanutse neza kumpamvu ibisobanuro bifite akamaro.
