Iyo wunvise 'micro precision machining', ishusho ihita iba iyambere, ibyumba bitarimo ivumbi hamwe nimashini zikora ibice bito bidashoboka. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, ariko inkuru nyayo iri mu gusya - mubisanzwe. Ntabwo ari bike mubipimo nibindi bijyanye nikosa ryegeranijwe urwanya muri buri gikorwa. Amaduka menshi avuga ko ashobora kubikora kubera ko afite CNC igezweho, ariko gufata kwihanganira imyanya nyayo munsi ya microne 5 kubintu bigoye, ibyuma bikomeye ni inyamaswa itandukanye rwose. Niho ibisobanuro byukuri bihura nukuri kubikoresho byo gutandukana, gutwarwa nubushyuhe, hamwe nibikoresho byo kwibuka.
Urufatiro: Itangirana na Casting
Ntushobora gukora imashini neza muburyo bubi. Iri ni isomo twize inzira igoye. Kera kare, twakiriye abashoramari baturutse mubishingwe rusange, byiza hanze, ariko hamwe nubunini bwurukuta rudahuye cyangwa kugabanuka kwimbere byagaragaye gusa nyuma yuko umaze kumara amasaha kumurongo no gusya kwambere. Inzira yose yaba ikuweho. Niyo mpamvu kugenzura urunigi rwose bidashoboka. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ifite igitekerezo cyiza-guhuza igishoro nishoramari hamwe nibikorwa byabo byo gutunganya. Iyo umaze imyaka 30 ukora casting, urumva uburyo imiterere yingano yuburyo bwa nikel bushingiye kuri nikel, kandi urashobora kwerekeza igice mubibumbano kugirango ugabanye guhangayika nyuma. Ntabwo arikintu ushobora kugura gusa; ni ubumenyi butetse.
Kwibanda kubintu bidasanzwe, nka cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Ntabwo aribisanzwe bya aluminiyumu. Birakomeye, bitesha agaciro, kandi bihenze. Kugerageza Gukora neza kuri bo hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe ni inzira yihuse kubikoresho byangiritse nibice bitihanganirwa. Imbere yo gutunganya imiterere ya casting irakomeye. Uruhu rwo hejuru, imihangayiko isigaye ituruka ku gukonja - niba ibyo bidacunzwe mugice cyumushinga, umukanishi arwana urugamba rwo gutsindwa kuva gukata kwambere.
Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bya lisansi muri Inconel. Ikirangantego cyahamagaye 0.8mm ya diameter yambukiranya umwobo hamwe no kwihanganira imyanya ± 0.005mm. Twashakishije ishoramari hanze, kandi ryasaga neza. Ariko mugihe cyo gucukura, micro-myitozo yahoraga igenda, burigihe gito. Twagerageje ibiryo bitandukanye, umuvuduko, ndetse nibikoresho bitandukanye. Kunanirwa byari bihamye. Intandaro? Ubucucike bwibintu bidahuye muri kariya gace kihariye ka casting kuva inzira yambere. Isomo ryarahenze: kubikorwa byukuri bya micro-nini, imashini na fondasiyo bagomba kuvuga ururimi rumwe. Ngiyo inyungu ihuriweho hamwe itanga rimwe.
Igikoresho cyimashini nintangiriro gusa
Umuntu wese arakosorwa kuri mashini. Nibyo, ukeneye CNC ihanitse cyane hamwe na sisitemu yerekana ibirahure sisitemu, indishyi zubushyuhe, hamwe nikintu gikomeye. Ariko nicyo giciro cyo kwinjira. Itandukaniro nyaryo akenshi ni ibintu bidashimishije. Gukora ku kazi. Kubice wenda 10mm cubed, vise isanzwe ntacyo imaze. Ukeneye imigenzo, kinematike yimisozi cyangwa vacuum chucks yagenewe kugoreka bike. Imbaraga zo gukomera zirashobora kugoreka byoroshye igice kirenze bije yawe yo kwihanganira.
Noneho hariho ibikoresho. Imashini zitangirira kuri karbide zanyuma zivuye kurutonde ntizigabanya - guhana. Dukorana nabakora ibikoresho byabidasanzwe badusya ibikoresho dushingiye kumavuta yihariye. Umuringa wa 0.5mm wumupira wizuru kugirango utunganyirize ibintu byoroshye kumyuma idafite ingese hamwe nicyuma gikozwe mubyuma biratandukanye cyane muri geometrie no gutwikira. Utezimbere umubano naba baguzi; uboherereje ingero z'ibikoresho, hanyuma bohereze prototypes. Nibikorwa, inzira-y'intoki.
Kwimuka gukonje na chip bihinduka imbogamizi kuri uru rwego. Agace gato ka chip gashobora gufata micro-igikoresho. Twimukiye kumuvuduko mwinshi, binyuze muri spindle ya coolant sisitemu yo gukonjesha gusa, ariko cyane cyane guturika izo microscopique ziva muri zone yaciwe. Byumvikane byoroshye, ariko guhamagara mukibazo - birahagije kugirango ukureho chip ariko ntibihagije kugirango uhindure igikoresho cyangwa igice - ni umunsi wumunsi wo kugabanya ibizamini no kugenzura munsi ya microscope.
Ibipimo ni Irembo
Aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda. Imashini yawe yasomye irashobora kuvuga ko iri kuri X0.000, Y0.000, ariko nukuri? Kuri Gukora neza, murwego rwo gukora iperereza birafasha ariko ntibisobanutse. Kwemeza burundu bibera kuri mashini, mubyumba bigenzurwa nikirere. Turimo kuvuga kubijyanye no guhuza imashini zipima (CMM) hamwe na touch-trigger probe ifite diametero ya 0.3mm cyangwa se optique / amashusho ya sisitemu yo kudahuza ibipimo byoroshye.
Amakuru avuga inkuru. Ntabwo ushakisha gusa pass / gutsindwa. Urimo kureba imbonerahamwe igenzura (SPC). Haba hari drift muri diameter yiyo bore mugihe imashini ishyushye mugihe cyamasaha 4 ikora? Ubuso burangirira kumpande yinyo ya micro-gear irahuye, cyangwa irerekana ibimenyetso byerekana ibikoresho bitangirira kumubare wa 50 kuri 100? Raporo yo gupima ntabwo ari icyemezo gusa; nigikoresho cyo gusuzuma inzira zose.
Nabonye ibice byiza binanirana kuko protocole yo gupima yari yibeshye. Gupima ibiranga 1mm hamwe na 1mm ya probe ntacyo bimaze - urimo gupima iperereza, ntabwo ari igice. Ugomba kuringaniza-ibipimo bya metero kubiranga, akenshi bivuze gushora imari murwego rwihariye rwihariye. Numushoramari wingenzi nishoramari ryubumenyi amaduka menshi yirengagiza.
Ibintu byabantu no kunanirwa kwa Iterative
Automation ninziza, ariko uyu murima uracyashingira cyane kubitekerezo bya technicien. Porogaramu irashobora kwigana ibyo bashaka byose, ariko umuntu ushyiraho akazi yumva kugabanuka. Guhindura amajwi - gato-yumurongo muto-uhuza-birashobora kuba ikimenyetso cyambere cyo kuganira kubikoresho cyangwa kwambara kera mbere yuko bigaragara kuruhande. Ubu buryo bwitondewe, bwo kumva ibitekerezo ntibisimburwa. Niyo mpamvu uzabona abakanishi b'inararibonye begamiye hafi ya mashini, bumva, ntibareba gusa ecran.
Kunanirwa numwarimu mwiza, uramutse ubikoresheje. Twari dufite kwiruka kwa miniature titanium aho tudashobora gufata perpendicularity hagati ya bores ebyiri. Imashini yarahinduwe, igikoresho cyari gishya. Tumaze iminsi tugenzura byose. Nyirabayazana yaje kuba igipimo cyoroshye cyo gukinisha mugikoresho cyo kugumana ibikoresho - wenda microni ebyiri. Mubikorwa bisanzwe, ntabwo byari ngombwa. Mu mbaraga zidasanzwe za radiyo yiki gikorwa cyo gucukura mikoro, yashyizeho uburyo buhagije bwo kwica kwihanganira. Ubu dufite gahunda yo kubungabunga no kugenzura itandukanye kubafite ibikoresho bikoreshwa muri micro-kazi.
Iyi mitekerereze itera, ikemura ibibazo niyo itandukanya iduka ryakazi numufatanyabikorwa wuzuye. Ntabwo ari ukugira imashini yubumaji; nijyanye no kubaka inyandiko, inonosoye kubintu runaka na geometrie. Aha niho ibikorwa bihagaritse byerekana imbaraga zayo. Niba hari ikibazo kivutse mugutunganya, barashobora kugisubiza inyuma yubushyuhe bwibikoresho fatizo cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gusuka bwa casting kuri mugenzi wawe nka QSY, hanyuma uhindure inzira-iherezo inzira. Ibyo bitekerezo byo gusubiza birakomeye bidasanzwe.
Aho Ibi Byose Biganisha: Isi-Isi Irasaba
Noneho nihehe gusunika ubudacogora kuri micro-precision ikoreshwa mubyukuri? Ntabwo ari amatsiko ya laboratoire gusa. Ni murwego rwubuvuzi: orthopedic yatewe hamwe nubuso bunini bwo gukura amagufwa, aho buri pore ntoya igomba kuba iri muri spec. Ari mu kirere: inshinge za lisansi ya turbine, aho ibiranga imigendekere bigenwa na geometrike ikozwe mumashanyarazi adasanzwe. Gutandukana kwa microne nkeya bihindura uburyo bwa spray, imikorere, ibyuka bihumanya.
Icyifuzo nikindi kigoye mumabahasha mato. Ikintu kimwe gishobora guhuza urusyo ruto, guhindukira, gucukura, ndetse na EDM (Imashanyarazi yoherejwe). Ibi bisunika ibibazo bya logistique yo guhuza no guhuza datum bikabije. Nigute ushobora gufata igice cyo gukora imashini kuruhande rwa gatanu utagoretse ibintu umaze gushyira kuri bine byambere? Akenshi, igisubizo nikintu cyihariye gihinduka igice cyihariye muburyo bwacyo.
Urebye ubushobozi bwabatanga, ubu uzi icyo ugomba kureba hejuru yigitabo. Ntubaze gusa niba bafite 5-axis micromachining center. Baza ibikoresho byabo bya metrologiya kubice biri munsi ya 10mm. Baza uburyo bakora akazi ko guterura neza. Baza uburambe bwabo hamwe nuruvange rwihariye ukeneye, rwaba ingese kuva QSY's ububiko busanzwe cyangwa cobalt-chrome ivanze. Ibisubizo byibyo bibazo bizakubwira niba basobanukiwe gusya, cyangwa niba bagendera kumajambo. Nukuri Gukora neza ni disipuline yuzuye, ubukwe bwibikoresho siyanse, imashini yubukanishi, hamwe nubuhanga, kwihangana.
