Iyo wunvise 'ifu ya metallurgie igiciro', umubare wambere winjira mubitekerezo byinshi ni ibikoresho fatizo byavuzwe kuri kilo. Aho niho ibibazo bitangirira. Mubyukuri, icyo giciro cyifu ni itike yo gukina. Igiciro nyacyo ni casade yibyemezo, ubwumvikane, kandi rimwe na rimwe, ibitunguranye bidashimishije bibaho mugihe cyo gukora. Ntabwo ari ukugura ifu yicyuma gusa; bijyanye nibintu byose bibaho nyuma yo gufungura igikapu.
Ibishushanyo by'igiciro
Nicaye mu nama aho amasoko yizihizaga kubona 5% kugabanyirizwa icyuma-umuringa-karubone mbere yo kuvanga. Byumvikane neza kurupapuro. Ariko rero umusaruro uratangira. Urujya n'uruza ruriho gato, rutera kuzuza mu kuzimu gupfa kubikoresho bigoye. Mu buryo butunguranye, urimo guhangana nubwiyongere bwa 2% mubice bitandukanye byuburemere, bivuze ko imashini ya kabiri ubu igomba kubara ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ibyo kuzigama bigenda mbere yuko igice cyambere kibisi cyacumura. Isomo? Ifu ihendutse irashobora guhinduka ibikoresho bihenze hasi niba ibiyiranga - ubucucike bwa kanda, ingano yubunini bwagabanijwe - bidahuye nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukanda no gucumura.
Aha niho ubufatanye bwigihe kirekire nabatanga isoko bwizewe burenze ibirenze isoko-isoko. Guhoraho muri powder morphologie ni ikiguzi cyihishe. Itandukanyirizo-ry-icyiciro ntushobora kubona rishobora guta injyana yawe yose yo guhuza, biganisha ku kwambara ibikoresho byinshi cyangwa, bibi, ibibazo byo kumurika nyuma yo gucumura. Ntabwo ugura ibicuruzwa gusa; urimo kugura ibiteganijwe.
Reka tuganire. Kwimuka uva Fe-Cu-C usanzwe ukageza ifu ikwirakwizwa-ifu kugirango imbaraga zisumba izindi? Gusimbuka ibiciro ni ngombwa, ariko gutsindishirizwa akenshi binanirwa gusuzuma ingaruka zo hasi. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo fu ya premium sinteri ku bushyuhe buke cyangwa hamwe nigihe gito, birashoboka kuzigama itanura n'imbaraga. Ikigereranyo cyibiciro kigomba kuba cyuzuye. A. ifu ya metallurgie igiciro icyitegererezo kireba gusa P.O. umurongo umurongo wacitse.
Igikoresho: Umwicanyi Wicecekeye
Igikoresho ni umutima wa PM, kandi ikiguzi cyacyo ni ice ice cyambere. Inyemezabuguzi ya mbere ya CAD na wire-EDM ninama. Aho wamennye amafaranga ni mukubungabunga, gushiraho, no gutsindwa imburagihe. Ndibuka umushinga wibintu bikurura ibintu - urwego rwinshi rufite urwego ruto. Igishushanyo mbonera cyasaga neza muburyo bwo kwigana. Mu myitozo, punch yo hepfo, ishinzwe gukora iyo flange, yatangiye kwerekana micro-frake nyuma yizunguruka 30.000. Ntabwo ari kunanirwa byuzuye, ariko birahagije gutera flashing nkeya bisaba intambwe yinyongera. Kuri buri gice ifu ya metallurgie igiciro bucece byiyongereyeho 12% kubera icyo gikorwa cya kabiri kitateganijwe kandi gikenewe cyo gusana ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho byigikoresho ubwacyo nigiciro gikomeye cyumushoferi. Gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe byuma kugirango ubunini buke bukore ibyuma bidafite ingese? Iyo ni inzira yihuse yo guhindura ibikoresho kenshi. Kuzamura karbide ya premium cyangwa igikoresho gikozwe mucyuma gishobora gukuba kabiri igiciro cyambere cyo gukoresha, ariko gishobora kwikuba gatatu ubuzima bwibikoresho. Kubara ntabwo byoroshye. Ukeneye ibipimo byerekana umusaruro wizeye mubyukuri. Kubikorwa bigufi, ibikoresho bya premium ntibishobora na rimwe kwiyishura. Numuhamagaro wurubanza ushingiye kuburambe, akenshi bikozwe namakuru atuzuye.
Noneho hariho igihe cyo gushiraho no guhindura igihe. Kububiko nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe n'imizi yimbitse muri gushora imari na Imashini ya CNC, imitekerereze iratandukanye. Mugutunganya, uhuza blok kandi inzira yinzira ikora. Muri PM, guhindura igice akenshi bisobanura gupfa byuzuye gushiraho impinduka - guhuza ibice byo hejuru, inkoni yibanze, hamwe no gukubita hasi hamwe na micron-urwego rwukuri. Nibyo amasaha 4-8 yo gukanda. Niba ukoresha uduce duto, ikiguzi cyiki gihe kidatanga umusaruro kirashobora kugabanya igiciro cyibikoresho. Niyo mpamvu akazi-kuvanga cyane, amajwi make ya PM akazi gakomeye cyane kubiciro kurushanwa; ibiciro byihishe byo guhinduka ni byinshi.
Gucumura: Aho Ingufu na Atimosiya Zikoresha Margins
Gucumura nintambwe yubumaji, ariko itanura ninyamaswa ishonje. Igiciro kigaragara ni gaze karemano cyangwa amashanyarazi. Ntibigaragara cyane, kandi akenshi bihindagurika, ikiguzi nikirere. Gukoresha ikirere cya ammonia (DA) gitandukanijwe na azote-hydrogène ivanze ntabwo ari amahitamo ya tekiniki gusa; ni ubukungu. Igiciro cya ammonia gihindagurika nisoko ryisi yose. Ibintu bya geopolitiki birashobora kuzamura ikirere cyawe 30% mugihembwe, hamwe no kuburira zeru.
Nabonye kugerageza kugabanya ibiciro mugukwirakwiza ibizunguruka cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe kugirango ubike ingufu. Burigihe burigihe. Urangiza nibice bitageze ku bucucike cyangwa imbaraga zuzuye, biganisha ku gipimo cyo kwangwa mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa gutunganya. Cyangwa icyarushijeho kuba kibi, ibice byatsinze QC yambere ariko bikananirana mugupima umurima kubera umunaniro. Kuzigama bihinduka ibyago bizwi kandi byubukungu. Uburyo bwo gucumura ni isezerano; gutandukana nayo kugirango uzigame amafaranga rishobora amadorari.
Kubungabunga itanura ni akandi gasanduku kirabura. Amashanyarazi yamenetse cyangwa thermocouple idahwitse ntabwo ihagarika umusaruro gusa. Irashobora gukora umwuka wa okiside imbere mu itanura, ikangiza igice cyose cyibice. Ntabwo ari igihombo cya ifu ya metallurgie ibikoresho n'umurimo; nigiciro cyamahirwe yo kubura gutanga. Gahunda yo gufata neza ibikorwa nigiciro kitaganirwaho cyo gukora ubucuruzi, ariko akenshi nibintu byambere bikanda mugihe ubuyobozi bushakisha imikorere.
Ingaruka: Ibikorwa bya kabiri na QSY Iringaniye
Ni gake cyane igice cya PM kiva kumukandara wicuza witeguye kohereza. Benshi bakeneye ikindi kintu cyongeweho - ubunini, ibiceri, kwinjiza amavuta, kuvura ubushyuhe, cyangwa gutunganya. Aha niho bose hamwe ifu ya metallurgie igiciro mubyukuri biza kwibanda, kandi aho uburambe bwacu mubindi bikorwa butanga igereranya rikomeye.
Fata ibikoresho byacumuye bikenera inzira nyabagendwa. Mumaze gushora ifu, guhuzagurika, no gucumura. Noneho urimo kubishyira kumashini ya CNC. Ikibazo ni uko ibikoresho byacumuye, ndetse no mu bucucike buri hejuru, bishobora kuba bibi. Bahekenya ibikoresho byo gukata byihuse kuruta icyuma gikozwe. Igiciro cyawe cyo gutunganya kuri buri gice kiri hejuru. Ubu ni ubufatanye dukoresha kuri QSY. Kugira Imashini ya CNC ubuhanga murugo butanga gahunda yo guhuza ibikorwa. Turashobora guhindura igishushanyo mbonera cya PM kugirango dusige ububiko buke kumuhanda, cyangwa tugaragaze ibinyomoro bitandukanye gato imashini zikora neza, duhindura igiciro cyose mubikorwa byombi.
Ninyungu yumushinga uhagaritse. Iyo ugenzuye byombi (nka Igikonoshwa cyangwa PM) no kurangiza (Imashini ya CNC), urashobora gukora ibicuruzwa. Ahari ikintu gihenze cyane gukanda no gucumura birashobora kongerwaho mubukungu binyuze muburyo bwihuse bwo gukora intambwe nyuma yo gucumura. Cyangwa, nkuko tubibona gushora imari Bya idasanzwe, rimwe na rimwe guhindura inzira zose kubice bigoye, igice gito cyigiciro cyinshi kuruta kugerageza kubihatira PM gupfa. Uwiteka ifu ya metallurgie igiciro ntabwo ari ikirwa; ni igice cyibikoresho byo gukora.
Umubumbe: Umukemurampaka ukomeye wigiciro
Ibintu byose muri PM byerekana amajwi. Igiciro gihanitse cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no gushiraho bigomba kugabanywa. Iri ni ryo tegeko shingiro. Igice kigura amadorari 10 yifu nugukanda kubice 100.000 birashobora kugura amadorari 50 kumurongo kuri 5,000. Imibare ni ubugome kandi ntabwo ari umurongo.
Nagize uruhare mu gupiganira kunanirwa amazu ya sensor. Igice cyari cyiza kuri PM - imiterere igoye, ibintu byiza. Twasubiyemo dushingiye ku gipimo ngarukamwaka cya 50k. Umukiriya yakundaga igiciro. Hanyuma umushinga wabo urahagarara, bashyira gahunda yambere kuri 5k. Icyitegererezo cyibiciro cyarasenyutse. Tugomba kurya ikiguzi cyibikoresho, kandi igiciro kuri buri gice nticyashobokaga. Twize kubaka amajwi arenze urugero kubijyanye no kuvugisha ukuri no kuvugisha ukuri kubakiriya kubyerekeye ubukungu bwikigereranyo. Rimwe na rimwe, kuri prototype cyangwa amajwi make cyane, ugisha inama umukiriya gukoresha a gutunganya cyangwa gushora imari inzira kuva itangira, nubwo igiciro cyigiciro gisa nkicyinshi, nuburyo bwinyangamugayo kandi amaherezo bwatsinze.
Noneho, iyo urimo gusesengura ifu ya metallurgie igiciro, ntukarebe gusa urupapuro. Tekereza ifu itembera mu nkweto, kwambara kuri tungsten karbide punch, guhuza ikirere cy itanura, nijwi ryurusyo rwa CNC rurangiza hejuru ya datum. Igiciro kiri muri ibyo bihe byose. Nigiciro cyibikorwa, ntabwo ikiguzi cyibintu. Kandi kubyumva neza bisaba kubana nuburyo, binyuze mubitekerezo byayo no gutungurwa, ntabwo ubibara kure.
