Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ikoranabuhanga rya powder metallurgie', bahita bashushanya ibintu byoroheje bikanda-kandi-byacuzwe cyangwa ibikoresho. Nibyo byinjira-urwego ibintu, ibicuruzwa birangira. Ubujyakuzimu nyabwo, hamwe n’aho gucika intege no gushimisha bitangirira, biri mubishushanyo mbonera, nyuma yo gutunganywa, no gucunga ikinyuranyo hagati yicyitegererezo cyiza cya laboratoire hamwe numusaruro ukoreshwa mubice ibihumbi icumi byose bigomba gukenera ubucucike bwihariye nimbaraga zikomeye. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; ni injeniyeri microstructure kuva hasi.
Amavuta ntabwo ari formulaire gusa
Urashobora kugura ibyuma bisanzwe-umuringa-karubone bivanze mukibanza, kandi bizakora 80% byibisanzwe. Ariko iyo umukiriya akunda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) izanye no gusaba ikintu gikeneye guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane muri pompe yimiti, umukino urahinduka. Amateka yabo muburyo budasanzwe bwo gushora imari bivuze ko basobanukiwe nibintu bifatika kurwego rwimbitse. Ikiganiro gihinduka kuva kuri poro ihendutse cyane nigute dushobora kwigana imikorere ya nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, ariko hamwe na net-net ya PM?
Aha niho ibishishwa byabanje kuvangwa nuruvange rwibanze bihinduka amahitamo akomeye. Hamwe na sisitemu ishingiye kuri nikel, kujya munzira zabanjirije kuguha ubutinganyi, ariko ifu irakomeye, ntishobora gukomera. Ucuruza byoroshye gukanda kubishobora guhinduka cyane. Tumaze ibyumweru duhuza amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe nigitutu cyo guhuzagurika kugirango gusa twunguke 0.1 g / cm3 mubucucike bwicyatsi kuri analogue igoye mbere. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo ntabwo kiri mubinyamakuru, ahubwo muguhitamo uburyo bwimvange-intandaro yifu y-ifu yabanjirije hamwe na sisitemu yabigenewe, itangiza ibibazo byayo mugihe cyo kwishura.
Umwuka wo gucumura uba uwambere. Gazi yoroshye ya endothermic ntabwo izagabanya kuriyi mavuta. Turimo tuvuga cyane-vacuum cyangwa ultra-high-isuku-itanura ya hydrogène, hamwe nubushyuhe bwuzuye kugirango hagenzurwe imvura ya karbide. Fata igipimo cyo gukonjesha nabi, urangiza ufite igice cyimashini nkibirahure - kumenagura, gutanyagura ibice, kwangiza ibikoresho bihenze bya CNC murwego rwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa nyuma ya sinter ibigo nka QSY byakemura. Nintoki aho PM itunganya inenge ihinduka undi mutwe wumutwe.
Ubucucike: Kwirukana Iteka
Icyubahiro cyera ni ubucucike bwuzuye, cyangwa hafi nkuko ushobora kubona ubucuruzi. Kubice byubatswe, cyane cyane gusimbuza kwibagirwa, porosity ni umwanzi wimbaraga zumunaniro. Kanda inshuro ebyiri no gucumura kabiri (DPDS) nigisubizo cyibitabo, ariko byongera ikiguzi nigihe cyigihe. Twagize amahirwe menshi, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, hamwe no guhuza ubushyuhe dukoresheje ifu ya polymer. Ifu itemba neza, igapakira kimwe murwego rwo gupfa-tekereza kumiterere itoroshye ishoboka mugushora imari QSY ikora, ariko hamwe nifu yicyuma. Ubucucike busimbuka kuva mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugera kuri 130 ° C kugabanuka birashobora kuba ingirakamaro, rimwe na rimwe 0.2-0.3 g / cm3, bihindura muburyo bwiza.
Noneho hariho gushiramo ibyuma (MIM), mubyukuri ni ishami rya ifu ya tekinoroji. Irakwegera hafi-yuzuye yuzuye kandi itangaje imiterere itoroshye, irwanya ishoramari. Ariko kugabanuka kwinzira ninzozi mbi niba itagenzuwe neza. Nabonye icyiciro cyose cyibyuma bitagira umwanda MIM ibice bya blisti kubera ko ibishishwa bya solvent byari bikabije, gufata gaze yagutse mugihe cyo gucumura. Igiciro cyo gutsindwa ntabwo cyari ifu gusa; cyari igihe cyatakaye mugihe cyitanura gikora amasaha 20+.
Ibikorwa nyuma yo gucumura nko gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP) birashobora gukiza imbere, ariko ni inzira nziza. Ntabwo HIP igice cya $ 2. Yabitswe mu kirere cyangwa mu buvuzi. Igiti cyicyemezo burigihe kiza mubikorwa bisabwa nigiciro cyo hejuru. Akazi kanjye kenshi ni ukuyobora igiti hamwe nabakiriya.
Iyo PM ahuye na mashini: Imigaragarire
Ibi nibyingenzi, akenshi birengagizwa, ihuriro. Ibice bike cyane PM ni net-shusho. Burigihe ukenera ibikorwa bya kabiri: ubunini, ibiceri, cyangwa imashini. Umubyigano uhindura uburyo ibikoresho bigabanuka. Birababaje. Ntabwo itwara ubushyuhe kure yicyuma nkicyuma gikomeye. Dukorana cyane nabafatanyabikorwa - kandi isosiyete ifite QSY mumyaka mirongo itatu yubuhanga bwo gutunganya CNC ninama yingirakamaro yumvikana - kugirango dutezimbere ibipimo.
Kurugero, gutunganya ibyuma byacumuye. Niba ubucucike butaringaniye, igikoresho gihura nuburwanya butandukanye, bigatera kuganira hamwe nubuso bubi burangiye. Twagize ikibazo aho abakanishi ba CNC binubira kwambara ibikoresho byihuse. Ikibazo ntabwo cyari urwego rwibikoresho; byari ubucucike buke kuva hejuru kugeza hepfo igice cyakandagiye, byatewe nifu yuzuye ituzuye yuzuza urupfu. Gukosora byari ugushushanya ibiryo byinkweto kandi wenda wongeyeho intambwe yo kuvanga kugirango ucike ifu agglomerates. Nibintu bito bito bitandukanya igice cyakoreshwa nigice cyizewe.
Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyiza nugushushanya igice kugirango ugabanye imashini. Kureka ubuso bwacumuye aho ushobora, vuga amafaranga yimashini zibara gucumura kugabanuka guhinduka. Nimbaraga zifatanije hagati ya injeniyeri wa PM na mashini, ntabwo ari amaboko akurikirana.
Umwihariko wa Alloys Niche hamwe nukuri-kwisi
Ibikorwa bya QSY hamwe na cobalt hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel mu gukina birakenewe. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bishakishwa kuri PM kugirango yambare hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ariko ifu yabyo irazimvye, kandi idirishya ryo gucumura ni rito. Birashyushye cyane, ubona imikurire ikabije hamwe nicyiciro cya eutectic kigabanya igice; byiza cyane, kandi ntabwo byacumuye neza.
Twagerageje cobalt-chromium ivanze kugirango twicare. Ibigeragezo bya laboratoire byari byiza. Ariko mu musaruro, gukomeza ubushobozi bwa karubone mu kirere cyacumuye hejuru yumuriro munini w'itanura ntibyashoboka. Ibice kumpera yubwato byacumuye bitandukanye nibiri hagati. Igisubizo? Gukomera kudahuye. Intebe zimwe zashaje mumezi, izindi zimara imyaka. Umukiriya, birumvikana, yasubiye mubisubizo byakozwe kandi byakozwe. Ibyo kunanirwa byanyigishije ko kubintu bimwe na bimwe bivangwa cyane, imikorere ya PM irashobora kurenza inyungu zayo mu bukungu keretse ufite igenzura rya laboratoire ku ruganda, rudakunze kuba ubukungu.
Intsinzi zinkuru zirahari, birumvikana. Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho bikozwe binyuze muri PM, nk'amanota ya CPM, biruta bagenzi babo basanzwe bitewe no gukwirakwiza karbide nziza. Iyo ntsinzi yikoranabuhanga. Ariko ni intsinzi yubatswe kubikoresho byihariye no kumenya-uburyo, ntabwo ari itangazamakuru rusange.
Kureba imbere: Byerekeranye no guhuriza hamwe, ntabwo ari ugushiraho gusa
Kazoza ka ifu ya tekinoroji, uko mbibona, ni bike kubijyanye no gukora ibikoresho nibindi bijyanye no gukora ibintu bidasanzwe. Tekereza ku nyongeramusaruro - ni muburyo bwa PM. Cyangwa guhuza ifu ya amorphous ifu mubice byinshi. Ihame nimwe: fata ibice byihariye hanyuma ubihuze muburyo bukomeye.
Amasomo yatanzwe na PM gakondo - gufata ifu, kugenzura ikirere, gucunga kugabanuka - byose birakoreshwa muburyo butaziguye. Ibigo bizatera imbere nibyo byumva siyanse yibikoresho, ntabwo ari ubukanishi bwingutu gusa. Ibigo bifite umurage wo gushinga no gutunganya, nka QSY, bifite ukuguru hejuru kuko babona ubuzima bwose: kuva mubikoresho fatizo kugeza birangiye, bigize imikorere. Basobanukiwe ko gucumura umurongo ari ingenzi nkigipimo cyo kugaburira ibiryo.
Kubantu bose binjiye muribi, inama nakugira nukubona ifu. Umva imigendekere yacyo. Reba microstructure yacumuye munsi ya microscope iherekejwe namakuru yikizamini. Huza utwobo duto ubona hamwe n'umunaniro wavunitse. Nubuhanga burambuye, aho 1% ihinduka mubintu bishobora kuganisha ku 10% mubikorwa. Ngiyo ingorane zihoraho, ninyungu nyazo zayo.
