Reka tugabanye kuvuga ibicuruzwa. Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'casting casting', bashushanya ibice bitagira inenge, inshusho ya neti ivuye mubibumbano, biteguye kugenda. Ukuri ni akajagari, kurushaho, kandi mvugishije ukuri, birashimishije. Ntabwo ari inzira gusa; ni imishyikirano ihoraho hagati yubushake bwo kwishushanya, imyitwarire yibintu, hamwe nukuri kwukuri kwa fiziki na chimie. Ibicuruzwa byinshi birajugunywa hirya no hino utumva icyo bisaba rwose kugirango ugere hasi.
Umukino wa Shell: Birarenze Umusenyi
Igishishwa cyibishishwa, bumwe muburyo bwibanze, akenshi buhurira hamwe no guta umucanga byoroshye. Iri ni ikosa. Ibisobanuro bitangirana nububiko ubwabwo. Ntabwo turi gupakira umucanga gusa; turimo kubaka igiceri cyoroshye, gikomeye binyuze munzira nyinshi za stucco. Ihuzagurika ryibumba ryibumba, ingano yingano ya stucco yangiritse, igihe cyo kumisha hagati yo kwibiza - buri gihindagurika kongorera kugeza hejuru yanyuma. Fata kimwe nabi, uzabibona kurangiza, cyangwa bibi, mugucika igikonoshwa mugihe cyo gusuka. Nabonye imishinga aho umukiriya yasabye Ra 3.2 μm hejuru yubuso bwa as-cast. Kugerwaho? Yego, hamwe na shell. Ariko byasobanuraga guhindura ikoti rya mbere ryijimye no kwimukira kumucanga mwiza wa zircon kumpuzu yo mumaso, wongeyeho ikiguzi nibisabwa byoroshye. Nibicuruzwa byerekana ubusobanuro nyabwo.
Ikizamini nyacyo kizana na geometrike igoye. Urukuta ruto, imiyoboro y'imbere, munsi. Hamwe na shell ibumba, dushobora kugera kubice kugeza kuri 3mm byizewe, ariko dusunika kuri 2mm? Aho niho ibihangano byinjirira. Bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cyiza (inguni zinguni zidashobora kuganirwaho), kandi igenzurwa, yihuta gusuka kugirango yuzuze umwobo mbere yuko icyuma gitangira gukonja muri ibyo bice byoroshye. Twatakaje icyiciro kimwe kuri prototype ya pompe-ishusho nziza, ariko ibyapa byibanze byari munsi. Mugihe cyo gusuka, buoyancy yicyuma gishongeshejwe cyuma cyazamuye intangiriro, kigahuza ibice byimbere. Kunanirwa gucecetse, bihenze kutwigisha kurenza-injeniyeri yibanze ya ankoring ya dinamike isuka.
Hanyuma hariho imbogamizi yibintu. Ibishishwa by'ibishishwa bifite ituze ryiza cyane kuri ferrous-fer, ibyuma, ibyuma bya karubone, amanota atagira umwanda. Ariko iyo usimbutse kuri superalloys hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo mumajyaruguru ya 1500 ° C, ihungabana ryumuriro kuri shell ni ubugome. Twahinduye kuri silika ihujwe na kote yo mumaso kugirango ikurikirane nikel ibice, byafashaga, ariko byatangije ikibazo gishya: igikonjo cyarushijeho gucika intege. Igikorwa cyo gukemura kuva dewaxing kugeza gusuka cyagombaga kongera gutekereza rwose. Nta gitabo gikubiyemo ibyo; ni ubumenyi bwamoko hasi.
Gutera ishoramari: Igenzura ryatakaye
Gutera ishoramari ni icyapa cyumwana kubisobanuro, kandi kubwimpamvu. Igishashara cyerekana ibishashara niho ubudahemuka buvukira. Ariko ijambo 'ibishashara byatakaye' byumvikana nkibitangaza, kandi bitwikiriye umubare munini wintambwe aho kwihanganira bishobora kuva. Ibipimo byo gutera ibishashara - ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, gufata umwanya - bigira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara no ku bwiza bwubuso. Imiterere isa neza irashobora kugabanuka muburyo butandukanye mugihe cyishoramari, guta ibipimo bikomeye.
Turayikoresha cyane kubice bidashoboka gukora imashini mubukungu - tekereza gushyiramo ibyuma bya turbine hamwe numuyoboro ukonjesha imbere, cyangwa prototipi yubuvuzi ifite imiterere-karemano. Ibipimo byukuri ni byiza, akenshi bifata +/- 0.005 santimetero imwe. Ariko ibyo mubihe byiza. Isomo rimwe ryigishijwe cyane: ubuhehere bwibidukikije kumunsi wubatsemo ceramic shell. Hejuru cyane, kandi ibice byakurikiranye ntabwo byumye kandi byacumuye neza; igikonoshwa kirashobora kuba intege nke. Hasi cyane, kandi ibice birashobora gukira byihuse, bitera guhangayika. Ubu dufite igenzura ry’ikirere mu cyumba cyubaka igikonoshwa, amafaranga adashobora kuganirwaho amafaranga yishyuye yishyuye.
Igikorwa cya dewaxing nikindi gihe gikomeye. Autoclave vs flash fire? Buri wese afite agaciro. Kubishushanyo binini bifite ibice byimbitse, duhitamo autoclave cycle igenzurwa kugirango dushonge ibishashara bitavunitse icyatsi kibisi. Ariko kubintu byoroshye, bifite uruzitiro ruto, inkuba yumuriro wumuriro urashobora gukomera cyane. Twatemaguye igiti cyose cyimyanya yo mu kirere inshuro imwe mugukara cyane hamwe na autoclave. Ibishashara ntabwo byumye vuba bihagije, byagutse, na… pop. Guceceka, ceramic crunch bivuze ibyumweru byatakaye. Noneho, kuri buri giterane gishya cyibishashara, dukoresha akantu gato ko kugerageza kugirango duhamagare ibipimo bya dewaxing. Biratinda, ariko birakiza.
Ibikoresho ntabwo ari urupapuro rwihariye
Abakiriya bohereza ibintu bifatika: ASTM A351 CF8M cyangwa Inconel 718.Iyo niyo ntangiriro yikiganiro, ntabwo iherezo. Buri ruvange rwitwara nkibintu bizima mubibumbano. Fata ibyuma. Chromium irashaka okiside, ikora igishishwa gishobora kugwa mu mutego wa sisitemu niba sisitemu yo kwinjirira idakozwe kugirango isuka ihindagurika kandi ihure n'umwuka. Dukoresha kwaguka kwa runner na ceramic muyunguruzi nkibisanzwe ubungubu, ariko byafashe ibyiciro bike hamwe nubuso bubi bwo gukora kugirango dukore iryo tegeko.
Amavuta ya Cobalt ni inyamaswa yabo. Kwambara neza no kurwanya ruswa, gutemba gukabije. Babona mushy vuba, bityo kuzuza ibice bito ni isiganwa. Kenshi na kenshi tugomba kubishyushya cyane kurenza urupapuro rwabigenewe, bishobora guteza imikurire yimvura nubushyuhe bwa karbide. Igisubizo? Kwihuta gusuka mumashanyarazi ashyushye kandi rimwe na rimwe mbere yo gushyushya ibishushanyo. Yongeyeho ibintu bigoye, ariko nuburyo bwonyine bwo kubona ibyuzuye byuzuye ku ntebe ya valve, urugero. Ntushobora gusuka gusa nkuko usuka ibyuma.
Noneho hariho post-casting yukuri. Benshi bakeka ko igice-cyuzuye cyarangiye. Biragoye. Hafi ya byose bijya mu ishami ryacu rya CNC. Gukina bitanga ishusho-hafi ya net, ariko gutunganya bitanga ibisobanuro byanyuma, bikora neza-insanganyamatsiko, hejuru yikimenyetso, kwihanganira gukomera. Aha niho gukorera hamwe ahantu nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) byumvikana. Kugira gutera no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe bivuze ko itsinda ryimashini rishobora gusubira mubishingwe: Uyu mutware ahora afite uburebure bwa 0.5mm cyane, agasigara ibintu byinshi kugirango tuyikureho, cyangwa Ubuso bwa as-cast muri uyu mufuka nibyiza cyane dushobora gusimbuka pasiporo itoroshye. Ibyo bitekerezo bisubirwamo, byubatswe mumyaka 30, niho habaho guhuzagurika kwukuri.
CNC: Umufatanyabikorwa, Ntabwo ari abakozi basukuye
Tuvuze kuri CNC, ntabwo ari ibitekerezo; ni igice cyingenzi cyo kugereranya neza. Ingingo za datum zashizweho kumurongo wa casting zigomba kuba zateguwe hifashishijwe imashini. Twimukiye kuri 3D-yacapishijwe fixture prototypes kugirango tugerageze iyi interface mbere yo guca ibyuma. Igice cyiza cyane ntacyo kimaze niba kidashobora gufatwa neza mugutunganya nta kugoreka.
Kubikoresho nka duplex ibyuma bidafite ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bikomye ibyuma, ibipimo byo gutunganya nyuma yo gutara birakomeye. Gutunganya ubushyuhe buva muri casting bigira ingaruka kumashini. Kenshi dukora anneal yoroshye mbere yo kuyitunganya, hanyuma ubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo kuvura kuri spec, hagakurikiraho urumuri rurangiza. Ni imbyino yintambwe eshatu hagati yitanura na centre yimashini. Kugerageza gukora imashini as-cast, ikomeye ibyuma ibice ninzira nziza yo gutwika ibyinjijwe no kwinjiza stress mubice.
Agaciro nyako-kongeramo ni mugutunganya imashini idakoreshwa. Duheruka kugira ibintu byinshi bihuza ibice by'imbere bidashoboka gucukura. Binyuze gushora imari, twashizeho ibice. Noneho, dukoresheje guhuza 5-axis CNC na EDM, twaremye flanges hamwe nibyambu bihuza neza neza nibyo bice. Abakinnyi ba casting bashoboje ibintu bigoye; CNC yashoboje interineti kwisi.
Kunanirwa ni Data Ingingo
Ntabwo ubyiza neza utarangije ibintu. Ibintu byinshi. Intego ntabwo ari ukwirinda gutsindwa, ahubwo ni ukubikora muburyo bugenzurwa, butanga amakuru. Turakora igenzura ryingingo ya mbere yangiza imipaka - gukata icyitegererezo cyo gupima uburebure bwurukuta rwimbere, kugenzura micro-porosity hamwe n irangi ryinjira kumasura adakomeye, dukora ibizamini byunamye kumabari yikizamini.
Ikibazo cyakomeje kubaho ni micro-kugabanuka mubice biremereye byegeranye nurukuta ruto. Igisubizo nticyari muburyo; byari mubishushanyo mbonera no gukoresha padiri ya exothermic padi kugirango igenzure gukomera. Twize ko duhereye kumazu ya pompe yananiwe. Ikizamini cyumuvuduko cyatsinzwe, ariko X-ray yerekanye agace ka spongy kari kunanirwa numunaniro. Ibyo byatumye habaho isubiramo risanzwe ryibiryo byigaburo rya geometrike isa.
Amaherezo, gutora neza ni bijyanye no kugenzura no guhanura. Nukumenya ko niba ukurikije inzira yihariye ya cocktail-iyi mvange yibishashara, resept ya shell, ubu busuka ubushyuhe kuri iyo mavuta, uko bikurikirana - uzabona igice mumabahasha ateganijwe yo gutandukana. Ntabwo ari byiza, ariko ni byiza rwose. Kandi ubwo bwizerwe, bwavutse mumyaka mirongo itatu yo gukemura ibibazo nkibi byavuzwe haruguru, nibyo bitandukanya igice gikora nigice kimara. Ibigo bimara, nka QSY, byunvikana ni ubujyakuzimu, rimwe na rimwe burimo akajagari, gutunganya ubumenyi ugura rwose, ntabwo dosiye ya CAD gusa yahindutse ibyuma.
