Iyo umuntu avuze ibice bisobanutse, benshi batekereza kubintu bitagira inenge, birabagirana biturutse kumashini ya CNC. Ngiyo verisiyo yaka gatabo. Ukuri, uwo ubamo hejuru yububiko, ni ugucunga microne munsi yubushyuhe, imihangayiko, hamwe na kamere itababarira ya fiziki. Ntabwo ari ugukubita umubare gusa ku gishushanyo; ni ukumva ko gushushanya akenshi ari intangiriro yumushyikirano, ntabwo iherezo. Ubusobanuro nyabwo buri muburyo bwo kumenya uko igice kizitwara mugihe kitakiri kumeza ya granite ya CMM, ariko gihinduka muri sisitemu, munsi yumutwaro, mubushyuhe. Aho niho imyaka mirongo yo gukina no gutunganya, nkibyo ubona kuri firime nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), mubyukuri. Nibintu byibukwa muburyo buryo bwa nikel bushingiye kuri nikel mugihe cyo gukonjesha mugushora imari, cyangwa uburyo urwego rwihariye rwibyuma bitagira umwanda rukora mugihe cyo gusya, rutandukanya igice cyakoreshwa numukandida wa scrap bin.
Aho Precision iba
Reka tumenye neza. Umukiriya yohereje icyitegererezo cya 3D kumubiri wa hydraulic valve, kwihanganira ± 0.02mm kuri bores zikomeye. Ku mpapuro, hamwe nimashini zigezweho 5-axis, ibyo birashoboka. Ariko ibikoresho ni ibyuma byoroshye. Niba ukomye gusa ukagenda, imbaraga zo gukata hamwe nimpagarara zimbere mubikorwa byo gukina bizimura igice. Urashobora gupima gutunganirwa nyuma yo gutunganya, gusa ugasanga bitagaragara nyuma yamasaha 24 nkuko guhangayika kuruhuka. Ibisobanuro hano ntabwo biri munzira zateguwe na mashini, ahubwo muburyo bwo gutunganya imashini ibanziriza kugabanya, ingamba zo kugabanya kugabanya kugoreka, hamwe nibikorwa bikurikirana. Ugomba kubyikuramo, reka byicare, hanyuma urangize. Nicyo gihe nigiciro ntamuntu numwe mumasoko ushaka kumva, ariko niyo nzira yonyine. Nabonye amaduka menshi asimbuka izi ntambwe kugirango yuzuze igihe ntarengwa, bikaviramo kunanirwa mu murima. Igice cyari gisobanutse neza muri laboratoire, ariko ntabwo cyari mubyukuri.
Aha niho inzira ihuriweho yerekana agaciro kabo. Isosiyete ikora ibijyanye no gukina no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nka QSY hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu ishize mugushushanya no gushora imari hamwe na CNC ikora, ifite amahirwe yo kurwana. Abakanishi bavugana nitsinda ryashinzwe. Bazi ibintu byihariye byo kugabanuka kwibishishwa byabo bwite, ubusanzwe uturere twa porosiyo yo gushushanya. Ibi bivuze ko gahunda ya CNC ishobora guhindurwa mbere yuko chip ya mbere igabanywa - birashoboka ko wongeyeho 0.05mm yimigabane yinyongera kurukuta rusanzwe rukurura imbere. Ibyo nibisobanuro bifatika. Ntabwo ari muri dosiye ya CAD; biri mubitabo byohererezanya amashami amaze imyaka akorana. Urashobora kubona uburyo bwabo burambuye kurubuga rwabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, mvugishije ukuri usoma cyane nkigitabo cyibikorwa kuruta urubuga rwo kugurisha, ndabishima.
Guhitamo ibikoresho nundi munyagitugu ucecetse wibisobanuro. Umuntu wese arashaka kutagira umwanda wo kurwanya ruswa, ariko niyihe ntera? 304 ninzozi mbi zo kwihanganira imashini-irasimba, iragenda. 316 nibyiza gato ariko biracyakomeye. Kugirango uhamye neza, ushobora gukenera gusunika umukiriya kugipimo cyimvura igwa nka 17-4PH, ariko rero urimo guhangana nubushyuhe bwo kugoreka nyuma yo gutunganya. Cyangwa fata ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri cobalt kugirango wirinde kwambara cyane. Biragoye kubimashini. Kugera hejuru yubuso bwiza no kwihanganira igice cya Stellite ntabwo ari ukugira imashini nziza; ni ibyerekeranye nuburyo bwibikoresho, umuvuduko ukonje winjizamo, hamwe na spindle yihuta. Wiga ibi bintu wangiza ibintu byinshi bihenze ubanza.
Umutego wo gupima
Hano hari inganda za kera: gushingira cyane kuri raporo ya CMM. Igice kigenzura, amatara yose yicyatsi. Ariko birananirana. Kubera iki? CMM irashobora gupima ingingo imwe muri bore, ariko ibisabwa mumikorere ni uguhuza iyo bore hejuru yuburebure bwayo bwose ugereranije nikindi kintu. Cyangwa kurangiza. Kurangiza 0.8Ra birashobora guhamagarwa, ukabikubita. Ariko niba umurongo wo kurangiza ari umuzenguruko hejuru yikimenyetso gikeneye kashe ya radiyo, izatemba. CMM ntabwo ibifata. Ukeneye gupima imikorere, cyangwa nziza kurushaho, ugomba kubigerageza muburyo bugereranya inteko yanyuma. Ubusobanuro nyabwo bwemezwa nibikorwa, ntabwo byemewe nurutonde.
Ndibuka umushinga wamazu ya sensor mumazu ya nikel. Ibipimo byari byiza, ariko igice cyari urusaku rw'amashanyarazi mugikoresho cyanyuma. Nyirabayazana? Burr igaragara cyane kumurongo, ikora micro-antenne. Igishushanyo nticyagaragaje ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri iyo nsanganyamatsiko y'imbere. Igenzura ryacu ryarayibuze kuko itari kurutonde. Ubusobanuro bwibipimo byingenzi ntabwo byari ngombwa; gutsindwa byari kumurongo ufatwa nkudakomeye. Noneho, akazi kacu nyuma yimashini karimo microscope yihariye igenzura kuri burrs kumurongo uwo ariwo wose ufite imikorere ya elegitoroniki. Nisomo ryanditse mubipapuro bya RMA.
Iyi niyo mpamvu intambwe yanyuma yo kunegura ibice byuzuye akenshi ntabwo ari ugukora cyangwa gupima - ni intoki. Umutekinisiye kabuhariwe ufite ibuye, asiga impande zikarishye kugirango aruhuke. Cyangwa ukoresheje igikoresho cya pneumatike hamwe nigitekerezo cyabigenewe kugirango uhuze ubuso bumwe. Ntabwo yikora, ntabwo yoroha cyane, ariko akenshi ni itandukaniro riri hagati yigice gikora nigice kidakora. Ntabwo uzabisanga mumatangazo menshi yo kwamamaza, ariko ni ukuri kwa buri munsi hasi.
Iyo Ibyiza Bihagije Ntabwo
Ubukungu bwukuri ni ubugome. Igiciro cyo kugabanuka ntabwo ari umurongo; biragaragara. Kujya kuri ± 0.1mm kugeza kuri 0.05mm bishobora gukuba kabiri igihe cyo gukora kandi bigasaba ibikoresho bishya. Kujya kuri ± 0.02mm birashobora kongera kwikuba gatatu bigasaba kurwanya ikirere. Bumwe mu buhanga bwingirakamaro injeniyeri yubukorikori afite ni ugusubiza inyuma abashakashatsi kugirango bashimangire kwihanganira gukomeye. Ese uwo mwobo wo gukuraho ukeneye rwose kuba H7? Cyangwa H8 irahagije? Akenshi, igishushanyo ni kopi-paste kuva umushinga wabanjirije, hamwe no kwihanganira ntawabajije. Umufatanyabikorwa ukorana ntabwo avuga yego kuri buri kintu; barabaza impamvu? hanyuma utange igitekerezo cyo gukomera kandi, cyane cyane, aho kurekura kugirango ugere ku gice cyizewe ku giciro cyiza. Ibi biganiro nibiranga isoko ikuze.
Urebye ibikorwa bimaze igihe kinini bikora, nkibyo ushobora kubona muburambe bwa QSY hamwe na alloys idasanzwe hamwe na casting bigoye, urashobora kwemeza ko bagize ibyo biganiro inshuro ibihumbi. Iyo umaze imyaka 30 ukora ibice, wabonye ibishushanyo byakoraga bikananirana. Ayo makuru yamateka ni ntagereranywa. Iragufasha kuvuga, Kubwubu bwoko bwimitwaro muri iyi cobalt alloy, turasaba kongeramo radiyo byibuze 1.5mm hano, cyangwa dushobora guhura numunaniro utangiye. Ibyo nibisobanuro byashyizwe mubikorwa-byo-gukora-ibyiciro, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuruta ibisobanuro byakoreshejwe mugihe cyo gukora.
Kunanirwa kunyigishije ibi birimo uruzitiro ruto rudasize ibyuma bishora ibikoresho byubuvuzi. Igishushanyo cyari gifite inguni nziza, ityaye imbere. Twakoze neza kugirango icapwe. Yacitse mugihe cyo kugerageza igitutu. Igisubizo ntabwo cyari uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya; byari gusubira kumukiriya no kwerekana, hamwe na FEA nurugero rwahise, ko inguni ikeneye radiyo. Twongeye kujugunya hamwe nuburyo bwahinduwe. Igice cyaragenze neza. Ubusobanuro bwigice cyanyuma bwari bushingiye kubisobanuro byubuhanga bwambere.
Igikoresho nigikorwa cya Inertia
Icyitonderwa ntabwo kijyanye nigice gusa; ni ukwigana. Batch-to-batch guhuza ni grail yera, kandi biragoye. Kubice byashizwemo, kwambara kumurongo cyangwa ibishashara bipfa guhindura ibipimo byihishe hejuru yimikorere. Kumashini, kwambara ibikoresho numwanzi. Urashobora gutangira kwiruka ibice 1000 hamwe na endmill nshya ifite ± 0.01mm, ariko mugice cya 300, uragenda. Ufite inzira-yo gupima kugirango ufate ibyo? Cyangwa sisitemu yo kuyobora ubuzima? Kubwinshi ibice byuzuye, kugenzura inzira nibyingenzi kuruta ubushobozi bwimashini imwe.
Aka ni akandi gace aho vertical vertical ifasha. Niba isosiyete imwe igenzura uburyo bwo gukina, gushushanya ibishishwa, kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe no gutunganya CNC, barashobora kubaka igenzura rihoraho hamwe nibitekerezo kuri buri cyiciro. Guhinduranya mubipimo bya as-cast birashobora gushyirwaho ibendera hanyuma gahunda ya CNC ikarangira mbere yuko icyiciro gikubita imashini. Nuburyo bwa sisitemu yo kumenya neza. Kurubuga rwabo, QSY yibanze mugucunga urunigi rwose kuva kubumba kugeza igice cyarangije gukorwa ntabwo ari kugurisha gusa; ni umusanzu utaziguye kumurongo uhamye mubikorwa byinshi.
Noneho hariho ibintu byabantu. Inzira nziza ntagaciro niba idakurikijwe. Umukanishi uhitamo urusyo rwo kuzamuka asa neza bihagije utabanje kugenzura na micrometero arashobora gusiba icyiciro cyose. Umuco hasi ugomba kubaha urupapuro rwibikorwa. Ibi biva mumahugurwa, ariko kandi no gusobanukirwa impamvu. Iyo abantu basobanukiwe ko kwihanganira ± 0.03mm ku ntebe yikuramo aribyo bibuza pompe kunyeganyega kugeza gupfa mu mwaka, birashoboka cyane ko babyitaho. Nicyo gice kitagaragara cyo gukora ibice bidasobanutse udashobora kugura hamwe nigikoresho gishya cyimashini.
Gupfunyika: Imitekerereze ifatika
Noneho, nyuma yibi byose, mfata iki? Gukora ibice byuzuye ni disipuline yo kumvikana. Nukwumva byimazeyo imikoranire hagati yibintu, inzira, intego yo gushushanya, nigiciro. Ni akajagari, itera, kandi yuzuye impinduka zihishe. Amaduka ashimishije cyane ntabwo arimashini zifite robo nshya, ahubwo ni izifite amakaye yuzuye - inyandiko zisanzwe cyangwa zigereranya ibyakozwe nibitagenda kumirimo ibihumbi ishize.
Intego ntabwo ari ugutungana mu cyuho. Irimo gutanga igice kibura mu nteko yacyo kandi ikora gusa, kubuzima bwayo igenewe, nta mususu. Ibyo bisaba imitekerereze yubufatanye kuva igishushanyo cya mbere. Irasaba abatanga isoko bazana ibikorwa byukuri mubikorwa byo gushushanya, nabashushanya bumva. Iyo ubonye ubwo bufatanye, nibwo ugera ku busobanuro nyabwo - ubwoko bufata ahantu hubakwa umukungugu, mucyumba gikoreramo sterile, cyangwa mubwimbike bwa moteri ikora, ntabwo ari muri laboratoire ya metero gusa.
Amaherezo, iramanuka kuburambe. Ntawusimbuza kuba yarakoze igice gisa mbere, mubintu bisa, no kwibuka uburyo ibibazo byakemuwe. Ubwo bumenyi bwakusanyije, ubwoko bwubatswe mu myaka irenga 30 yo gukemura ibintu byose uhereye kumyuma kugeza kuri cobalt alloys, nigikoresho cyanyuma cyo gukora ibice bikwiye neza.
