Urabona QT400-18 kuri spec, kandi ikintu cya mbere kiza mubitekerezo akenshi ni ibyuma byangiza. Ariko aho niho birenze urugero. 400 MPa tensile na 18% kurambura ni ntoya, umurongo wo gutangiriraho, ntabwo urangije neza. Mubyukuri, uko ugerayo - imyitozo yo gushonga, gutera inshinge, igipimo cyo gukonjesha mubibumbano - bigena niba ufite ibikoresho byizewe rwose cyangwa ikintu gusa gikora ibisanduku kumpapuro. Nabonye imishinga myinshi cyane aho kwibanda kwari ugukubita gusa 18% kurambura muri coupon yikizamini, mugihe casting nyirizina, hamwe nuburinganire bwayo butandukanye, byarangiye nibintu bidahuye. Nicyo kiganiro nyacyo kuri QT400-18.
Ukuri gufatika kwerekana QT400-18
Iyo injeniyeri yubushakashatsi agaragaza QT400-18, mubisanzwe baba bashaka iyo mbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe nimashini nziza, akenshi kuburugo, imitwe, cyangwa imibiri ya valve. Ibitekerezo ni ibikoresho byo kubabarira. Kandi birashoboka. Ariko kubabarira biva mubikorwa byo gushinga ibikorwa, ntabwo biva mwizina ubwaryo. Ndibuka igice cyimibiri ya pompe twakuye mumyaka mike ishize. Certs yari nziza: 420 MPa, kuramba 19%. Ariko mugihe cyo gutunganya amaduka dukorana, ibikoresho byubuzima byari bibi. Ibice bimwe bikata neza, ibindi bitera kwambara ibikoresho birenze. Ikibazo ntabwo cyari umutungo ugereranije; byari microstructural idahuye - gutandukana kubara nodule nibirimo pearlite ibizamini bisanzwe bitigeze bifata.
Niyo mpanvu umubano wigihe kirekire nu ruganda rubifitiye ububasha utaganirwaho. Ukeneye uwaguhaye isoko wumva ko idirishya rya chimie rihoraho QT400-18 irakomeye kuruta uko benshi babitekereza. Ibirimo bya Silicon, nkurugero, nibyingenzi kuri ferritizing ariko hejuru cyane birababaza gukomera. Kuvura magnesium bigomba kuba biri ahantu. Nigikorwa cyo gushyira mu gaciro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu mugukina, mubisanzwe ifite ibipimo byahamagaye binyuze muburambe. Babonye uburyo impinduka zifatika mugusubiza inyuma cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gusuka bigira ingaruka kumiterere yanyuma mubikonoshwa bigoye cyangwa muburyo bwo gushora imari.
Kurambura 18% ni urugero rwiza rwibintu bishobora kuyobya. Urashobora kubigeraho hamwe na matrix yuzuye ya ferritic, nibyiza kubirwanya ingaruka kubushyuhe buke. Ariko urashobora kandi gucengera ushize hamwe nuburyo buvanze niba ferrite yoroshye bihagije. Iheruka irashobora gutsinda ikizamini ariko ikananirwa mubyukuri-isi ihindagurika. Urufunguzo ntirugaragaza gusa amanota, ariko akenshi byuzuzanya bisabwa nkuburemere ntarengwa (HBW 170 cyangwa munsi ni intego nziza yo gukora imashini) cyangwa ndetse ningaruka zingaruka za Charpy niba igice kibonye imitwaro ifite imbaraga. Ibi bisunika ibishingwe kugirango bigere kumiterere ya ferritic.
Gukora QT400-18: Aho Theory ihura na Chip
Ku mpapuro, QT400-18 byitwa kuba kimwe mubintu byoroshye guta ibyuma kumashini. Imiterere ya ferritic iroroshye. Ariko ugereranije nijambo rikoreshwa. Niba microstructure idahuye, urabona ahantu hakomeye - uduce duto twa pearlite cyangwa karbide - bikora nkumusenyi kubikoresho byawe byo gutema. Itandukaniro riri hagati yicyiciro gihoraho hamwe nimpinduka imwe irashobora gukuba kabiri igiciro cyibikoresho kuri buri gice. Ntibisanzwe ko ugomba guhindura ibiryo n'umuvuduko igice-unyuze mu kwiruka, bikaba inzozi mbi kuri gahunda ya CNC no gutezimbere.
Mubikorwa byacu byo gutunganya, kandi nkurikije ibyo nabonye mubikorwa byabashinzwe gutanga ibicuruzwa nka QSY bakora casting na Imashini ya CNC, inzira irabanza. Bakunze gukora ibintu bigoye kurugero rwo gutoranya kuva muburyo bushya cyangwa nyuma yimpinduka zikomeye. Ni cheque yoroshye, ariko irakubwira byinshi kubijyanye na machinability kuruta raporo ya tensile rimwe na rimwe. Intego nukwirinda gutungurwa mukigo cyimashini. Gukina neza neza birashobora kwangizwa nubushobozi buke, biganisha ku bice byavanyweho na bije.
Guhitamo gukonje no gusaba biba ingorabahizi, nabyo. Ndetse hamwe nicyuma cyiza, grafite ikora nka chip-breaker ariko irashobora no kwambara nabi. Sisitemu yumuvuduko ukabije winjira neza mugukata no kwimura chip nziza, yegeranye (yego, ndetse ferritic fer irashobora kubyara chipi) ni ishoramari rikwiye. Nibikorwa bifatika, iduka-igorofa ritandukanya ibintu byerekana ibintu nibintu byakozwe.
Igikonoshwa nigishoro cyiza cyo gushora
Aha niho inzira ihuza rwose nibikoresho. Iyo ukorana QT400-18 mubikorwa nka shell mold casting cyangwa gushora imari, QSY kabuhariwe, ubona ibibazo bitandukanye nibyiza ugereranije numucanga wicyatsi. Ubuso bwo hejuru burangirira hamwe nuburinganire bwukuri muribi bikorwa nibyingenzi byingenzi, akenshi bigabanya amafaranga yimashini. Ariko igipimo cyo gukonjesha byihuse kiranga ibishishwa, kurugero, birashobora guteza imbere karbide cyangwa pearlite nziza, ishobora gusunika ubukana hejuru no kurambura hasi.
Uruganda rugomba kwishyura ibi. Mubisanzwe bisobanura guhindura ingamba zo gukingira-wenda ukoresheje gutinda-gutembera gutinze hamwe nibintu bikomeye bitera ferrite. Nagize uruhare mu mishinga aho twahinduye igice kuva kumusenyi wicyatsi tugahinduka ibishishwa kugirango twihangane neza, kandi amasuka ya mbere yasohotse cyane. Tugomba gusubirana na metallurgiste kugirango duhindure silicon no gukingirwa kugirango dusubire kuri iyo yoroshye, ferritic QT400-18 imiterere nubwo gukomera byihuse. Nibikorwa bya kera-byimikoranire.
Kubintu bigoye, binini-bikikijwe nibice muri valve cyangwa ibikorwa, ubu bugenzuzi nibintu byose. Gushora imari, hamwe nigikonoshwa cyacyo, bitanga ubwisanzure bwa geometrike ariko bikerekana ibibazo nkibipimo bikonje. Ubunararibonye bwumushinga mugucunga ibyo microstructural ibisubizo muburyo butandukanye nibyo urimo kwishyura. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; nibijyanye no gukora ishusho hamwe nibintu byukuri, byizewe mubintu byose.
Uburyo bwo kunanirwa n'umutego mwiza uhagije
Rimwe mu masomo ahenze cyane nukuvuga ko QT400-18 ihora ihitamo neza kubice bidakomeye. Nabonye utwugarizo na leveri bikozwe muri byo binanirwa kunanirwa, ntabwo ari ukubera ko umutwaro wari mwinshi cyane, ariko kubera sensibilité itagaragara. Matrix ya ferritic ifite imbaraga nke zumunaniro ugereranije nimbaraga zayo zingana. Niba hari inguni ikarishye cyangwa ikimenyetso cyo gutunganya ahantu hanini cyane, igikoma kirashobora gutangira. Urwego nka QT500-7, hamwe nuburyo bwa pearlitike, akenshi rufite imikorere myiza yumunaniro kubice byapakiwe imbaraga, ndetse no kuramba.
Undi mutego ni ubushyuhe buke. Mugihe ferritic ductile fer ifite ibyiza byubushyuhe buke muri rusange, ibyuma bidafite ubuziranenge bifite umwanda mwinshi cyangwa micro-shrinkage birashobora gucika intege. Twari dufite ikibazo cyamazu yo hanze yimashini yamenetse mugihe gikonje. Ibikoresho byemejwe nka QT400-18, ariko isesengura ryananiwe ryerekanye ubucucike bwinshi bwa oxyde ikora nkibitera impagarara. Uruganda rwakoresheje ijanisha ryinshi ryibikoresho byateguwe nabi. Isomo ryarasobanutse: igipimo cyamanota ntabwo abapolisi bashonga ubuziranenge. Ukeneye umutanga ufite igenzura rikomeye kandi ashonga uburyo bwo kweza.
Aha niho utanga isoko ryagutse ryibikoresho byingenzi. Isosiyete ikorana na alloys idasanzwe, nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel cyangwa cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta yavuzwe mu nshingano za QSY, birashoboka ko ifite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga itanura no kugenzura imiti mu bice byose. Iyo disipuline irayungurura kugeza kubikorwa byabo byamanota asanzwe nka QT400-18, bikavamo icyuma gisukuye, cyizewe.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Ni Dialogue, Ntabwo Monologue
Rero, kwerekana QT400-18 ntibigomba kuba umurongo umwe winjira ku gishushanyo. Byakagombye kuba intangiriro yikiganiro nuwaguhaye isoko. Ibibazo bifite akamaro: Ni ubuhe butumwa busanzwe bwa microstructure kuri iki cyiciro? Nigute wabigenzura kuri geometrie y igice cyanjye? Ni ubuhe buryo busanzwe bwo gukomera? Urashobora gutanga ibyifuzo byo gutunganya? Ibisubizo bizakubwira byinshi kubijyanye nigikorwa cyawe cyukuri-cyisi kuruta imibare.
Agaciro k'umuntu utanga isoko-imwe ishobora gukurikira ibikoresho kuva mu itanura kugeza ku gice cyarangije gukorwa - ntigishobora kuvugwa. Babona ibintu byose bitera-n'ingaruka. Ikibazo cyo gutunganya gikurikirana ikibazo cya casting, kigaruka kumurongo wibikorwa. Ibyo bitekerezo bifunze-byuzuye nuburyo ugera kumurongo. Kubikoresho nka QT400-18, aho idirishya ryumutungo ryagutse kandi satani ari muburyo burambuye bwa microstructural, uko guhuzagurika ni itandukaniro riri hagati yikintu kibaho gusa kandi gikora neza.
Mugusoza, QT400-18 nakazi gakoreshwa cyane, ariko ntabwo aribisanzwe. Nihitamo risaba gusobanukirwa no kugenzura. Ufate icyo cyubahiro, ufatanye na fondasiyo ikora kimwe, kandi uzabona ibice biramba, byimashini wizeye. Ikintu cyose kiri munsi nukwizera ko imibare iri kumpapuro ihindura icyuma mumaboko yawe.
