Iyo utangiye kureba mu masosiyete atera ibyuma bidafite umwanda, ikintu cya mbere kigukubita ni bangahe bavuga ko ari abahanga. Ijambo rijugunywa hirya no hino ritangira gutakaza ibisobanuro. Umuntu wese asezeranya kwihanganira gukomeye, geometrike igoye, no kurangiza hejuru. Ariko maze imyaka myinshi kumpande zombi zituruka no kubyaza umusaruro, namenye itandukaniro nyaryo ritari mubitabo; ni muburyo buteye ubwoba, burigihe budashimishije bwo kugenzura inzira, gusobanukirwa ibintu, no gukemura ibibazo bibaho mugihe ibishashara byashwanyaguritse cyangwa igikonoshwa. Ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma gusa; nibijyanye no gucunga urunigi rwintambwe zoroshye, zuzuzanya aho ikosa murimwe rishobora gusiba icyiciro cyose. Abakiriya benshi baza gukosorwa gusa kurwego rwanyuma rwa alloy-nka 316L cyangwa 17-4 PH - birakomeye, byanze bikunze, ariko ibyo nibitangira. Igiciro nyacyo nubuziranenge byagenwe hakiri kare.
Intego yibikorwa: Birenze Gusuka Ibyuma
Ishoramari ryukuri, cyane cyane kubyuma bidafite ingese, ni imbyino yubuhanzi nubumenyi bwubugome. Igikonoshwa cyibumba niho byose bitangirira. Nabonye amaduka aho ibidukikije byo mucyumba cyinshi - ubushuhe, ubushyuhe - bitagenzurwa, kandi bibaza impamvu imbaraga zabo ziva zitandukanye. Kubigize ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, vuga kubikoresho byo gutunganya marine cyangwa imiti, ko kudahuza ari umwicanyi. Igikonoshwa ntabwo ari kontineri gusa; nicyo gisobanura ubuso burangije nuburinganire bwukuri. Igikonoshwa gikennye kiganisha ku gutwikwa, ibyuma byinjira, hamwe nibiciro biteye ubwoba birashobora gukuba kabiri igiciro cyigice.
Aha niho ubujyakuzimu bwa sosiyete bwerekana. Ndibuka umushinga wo gutwara pompe usaba CF8M idafite ingese. Porotipire yambere yaturutse kubacuruzi yasaga neza, ariko yananiwe kugerageza ibizamini. Ikibazo? Micro-shrinkage. Umucuruzi yakoreshaga uburyo busanzwe bwo kwinjiza no kuzamura ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ariko amanota ya austenitis nka CF8M afite uburyo bwihariye bwo gukomera. Gukosora ntibyari byiza; byari bijyanye no guhinduranya risers no guhindura ubushyuhe bwo gusuka ukurikije ubushyuhe nyabwo bwibintu. Ubwoko bwa tweak buturuka kuburambe, ntabwo ari igitabo.
Benshi ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bishora imari Isohora uburyo bwabo bwo gukora cyangwa kubaka inyubako. Ababishoboye rwose, ariko, byose babigumane murugo. Irabaha kuyobora. Iyo usuye ikigo, ntukarebe gusa itanura. Saba kureba imashini zikoreshwa mu gishashara, ibigega bitobora, sitasiyo ya stucco. Isuku na gahunda (cyangwa kubura) ngaho birakubwira ibirenze ibyemezo byubuziranenge kurukuta.
Ibikoresho bifatika nibintu bidasanzwe bya Alloys
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda ni umuryango, ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe. Gutunganya no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa 304 ni isi usibye 15-5 PH. Umutego rusange urimo kubafata kimwe mubikorwa bya nyuma yo gukina. Nakoranye na a ibyuma bidafite ishoramari Utanga isoko kumubiri wa valve mubyuma bya duplex 2205. Gukina byari byiza, ariko bakoresheje igisubizo cyumuti wa annealing cyashingiwe kuri 316. Byashenye uburinganire bwa ferrite-austenite no kurwanya ruswa. Tugomba gusiba byinshi. Iri ryari isomo ryamadorari 40.000 muburyo bwihariye bwa metallurgical.
Niyo mpanvu kuvuga ibinyobwa bidasanzwe nka nikel cyangwa bishingiye kuri cobalt muri portfolio yikigo nikimenyetso gikomeye. Irerekana ko bagomba guhangana nibibazo bigoye gushonga, gusuka, no gushyushya-isostatike-gukanda (HIP). Niba bashobora gutwara Hastelloy C-276, noneho gutera 316L ni ukugenda muri parike kuri bo. Ibikoresho nubumenyi-buringaniza hejuru, ntabwo biri hasi.
Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Urutonde ibyuma bidafite ishoramari hamwe na shell mold casting hamwe na CNC gutunganya, kandi uhamagare byumwihariko cobalt na nikel alloys. Ibyo ni ibintu bifatika. Irambwira ko bishoboka ko bumva ko igice cyakinwe akenshi ari ibicuruzwa byarangije igice. Kugira imashini murugo ninyungu nini yo kugenzura ibipimo no kuyobora igihe. Irinda gutunga urutoki hagati y'uruganda nububiko bwimashini mugihe kwihanganira kubura. Ibyifuzo byabo byimyaka 30 mugukina no gutunganya byerekana ko bishoboka ko babonye byinshi muribi bintu bifitanye isano numutwe kandi (twizere ko) bize kubyirinda.
Ibyiza byo Gukora Imashini
Ibi biganisha ku ngingo yanjye ikurikira: ukuboko gukomeye hagati yo gukina no gutunganya. Nigiciro kinini, akenshi kidahabwa agaciro. Igihe kimwe nashakishije ibyuma bishora ibyuma bidafite ingese biva mu ruganda rwabigenewe. Gukina byari byiza, ariko imibare ya datum yo gutunganya ntabwo yakozwe neza. Amaduka atandukanye yimashini yarwanaga no guhamagara perpendicularity, biganisha ku gipimo cya 30%. Ikibazo cyari ikibazo cyo gushushanya cyagombye gufatwa mugihe cyo gutegura casting.
Iyo amasosiyete atera ishoramari koresha kandi amashami ya CNC, injeniyeri zabo zitekereza kubice byose. Bazatanga ibitekerezo byoroshye byimpinduka cyangwa basabe guhindura umurongo wo gutandukana kugirango bakore datum nziza yo gutangira. Bashushanya sisitemu yo kwinjirira ntabwo ari ibyuma byamajwi gusa ahubwo banerekana uburyo izakurwaho naho ibimenyetso bya clamp bizaba. Icyitegererezo cya QSY cyo gutanga ibishushanyo mbonera / gushora imari hamwe no gutunganya CNC munsi yinzu imwe nuburyo bwa serivisi ihuriweho ikemura ibyo bibazo byihishe. Ntabwo ari ibyoroshye gusa; bijyanye nubwubatsi bufite ireme.
Gutunganya ibyuma bidafite ingese bifite amayeri yabyo. Ibikoresho birashobora kuba gummy, amanota akomeye kumurimo nka 304 arashobora kuba ubugome kubikoresho, kandi ubukana budahuye bwibintu bisa bishobora gutera kuganira. Isosiyete itanga isoko ishobora kuba yarateje imbere ibyokurya byihariye, umuvuduko, ninzira yibikoresho byabo. Ubwo bumenyi bwinzego ntibubaho mugihe ibice byoherejwe mumaduka rusange.
Imyumvire myiza na vuga-kuri-Impamvu
Impamyabumenyi ni imigabane. ISO 9001, PED, AD2000 - birakenewe mugukora ubucuruzi mubice byinshi, ariko ntabwo byemeza ko bakina neza. Bemeza sisitemu yanditse. Ubwiza nyabwo buri muri protocole idasenya (NDT) hamwe nubushake bwo kubishyira mubikorwa. Isosiyete ikora ibizamini byo gusiga irangi 100% kubice byose byingenzi? Bafite mu nzu X-ray cyangwa ultrasound, cyangwa barayitanga? Outsourcing irashobora kongeramo iminsi kandi igabanya ibitekerezo byo gukosora inzira.
Ndibuka kugenzura ibyiringiro ibyuma bidafite ishoramari utanga isoko. Impapuro zabo zari ntamakemwa. Ariko hasi, nabonye umukozi ugiye gusya inenge hejuru yinzu ya valve atabanje kubyandika cyangwa ngo abone icyemezo cya QA. Icyo gikorwa kimwe cyatesheje agaciro sisitemu yabo yose. Umuco w'ubuziranenge hasi yububiko, guha ubushobozi abakozi guhagarika umurongo, bifite akamaro kuruta icyemezo kiri muri lobby.
Kuramba mubucuruzi, nkimyaka 30 ya QSY, akenshi bifitanye isano numuco mwiza ukuze. Barokotse kuko birashoboka ko bakemuye ibibazo bya sisitemu bishyira ibigo bishya mubucuruzi. Birashoboka ko bashora imari mubikoresho nka spekrometrike yo kugenzura chimie kandi bagashyiraho ibishashara byabo hamwe na binders kugirango bagabanye impinduka. Ibi ntabwo ari byiza, ariko nibyo bituma sosiyete yizewe.
Ibitekerezo bifatika byo gusezerana
None, nigute ukorana naya masosiyete neza? Ubwa mbere, tanga ishusho yuzuye. Nturungike igicapo gusa. Kugaragaza ibidukikije - ubushyuhe, igitutu, itangazamakuru, gupakira ibintu. Ibi biramenyesha ibintu byose uhereye kumahitamo avanze kugeza bikenewe HIP. Icya kabiri, fungura kubishushanyo mbonera (DFM) ibitekerezo. Injeniyeri nziza yubushakashatsi irashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byubunini bwurukuta cyangwa guhindura radiyo bitezimbere kuburyo bugaragara kandi bikagabanya ibiciro, nta gutakaza imikorere.
Icya gatatu, ucunge ibiteganijwe kurangiza. As-cast surface roughness (Ra) yo gushora imari nibyiza, ariko ntabwo ari indorerwamo ikozwe. Niba ukeneye Ra 1.6 kuri bore, vuga nkubuso bwimashini. Uruganda ruzahita rusiga ububiko. Kugaragara hano birinda gutenguha.
Hanyuma, reba umubano nkubufatanye. Ibisubizo byiza nari naravuye mubufatanye bwo gukemura ibibazo. Hari inzu igoye twari dukeneye muri 17-4 PH imiterere H1150. Kwiruka kwambere byari byacitse. Binyuze mu iperereza ryakozwe - metallurgiste wabo na injeniyeri wacu - twabikurikiranye no guhuza igipimo cyo gukonja nyuma yo gusuka no gushushanya inguni yimbere. Twahinduye igishushanyo (twongeyeho fillet) hanyuma bahindura uburyo bwabo bwo kunyeganyega. Igice kimaze imyaka gitanga umusaruro. Nibyo agaciro ko kwishora hamwe nababishoboye ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bishora imari—Bahindutse umugwi wikipe yawe yubuhanga.
Numurima wuzuye, ariko abatsinze ntabwo aribo bafite urubuga rwiza. Nibo bafite ibigega bigenzurwa na slurry, mu nzu ya metallurgiste, selile CNC ihuriweho, hamwe nibitekerezo bifatika, bikemura ibibazo byubahirijwe mumyaka mirongo, nkamateka yimikorere yerekanwa nisosiyete nka QSY. Ubukorikori buri muburyo burambuye, kandi ibyuma burigihe bivugisha ukuri.
