Iyo wunvise 'uruganda rwumucanga rutagira umuyonga,' ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbukira kuminini minini, itoroshye kumashini ziremereye. Nibyo, ariko kandi nuburyo bworoshye cyane mukazi. Inkuru nyayo ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma gusa mumucanga; nibijyanye no gucunga intambara hagati yingufu zamazi, metallurgie, hamwe numusenyi utateganijwe. Isezerano ryigice kitoroshye, kirwanya ruswa gihora gihabanye nukuri kwagabanutse kugabanuka, kugabanuka kurwego rwo hejuru, no kurwanya ubuziraherezo. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi biza muburyo bwiza bwo gushora imari ariko inzozi mbi kumucanga, gusa kuberako itandukaniro ritumvikana neza.
Umusenyi ubwawo ni inzira
Bitangirana nububiko, biragaragara. Ariko umucanga w'icyatsi n'umucanga uhujwe n'umusenyi ntabwo ari uguhitamo gusa; ni ukwitanga kubibazo bitandukanye. Dukoresha furan nyinshi no-guteka kubikorwa byacu bitagira umwanda kumaduka. Ihagarikwa ryimiterere ni ryiza kubice binini, biremereye dukunze guhura nabyo, nkamazu ya pompe cyangwa imibiri ya valve. Ariko gucuruza ni gaze. Niba guhumeka mu ruganda bidahari, cyangwa niba imvange yumucanga ihagaritswe nigice, uzabona pinholing hejuru yumukino usa neza nyuma yo kunyeganyega ariko bikagaragara nkinenge mugihe cyo gutunganya. Nukunanirwa gutinze, ubwoko bubi.
Noneho hariho imyitwarire yubushyuhe bwumucanga. Umuyoboro, cyane cyane urukurikirane 300 nka 304 cyangwa 316, rusuka ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi rufite intera ndende. Umucanga ugomba kwihanganira ubwo bushyuhe utabanje kumeneka vuba kandi ugatera isuri, ariko kandi utarinze gukomera kuburyo bigabanya kugabanuka kandi biganisha kumeneka. Nigikorwa cyo gushyira mu gaciro. Ndibuka icyiciro cya CF8M (316 bihwanye) indangagaciro z'irembo twirutse. Kwiruka kwambere byari bifite amarira ashyushye ahoraho hagati ya flange numubiri. Ntabwo twakurikiranye inyuma ntabwo ari ku gishushanyo cyangwa ku irembo, ahubwo twagereranije n'umusenyi wo kugarura uri hejuru cyane. Umucanga wari watakaje byinshi muburyo bwo kwanga kwambere kandi watwaraga ubushyuhe butaringaniye. Umucanga mushya wavanze wabikosoye. Nibikorwa-urwego rwimikoranire wiga mugutwika gusa.
Kandi gutangaza ni inyamaswa yacyo. Ntushobora gukomeza gutunganya umucanga igihe kitazwi kugirango ukore neza. Amande ariyongera, chimiya ya binder itesha agaciro, hanyuma ugatangira gutoranya silikatike mubyuma. Dufite ubutegetsi bukomeye bwo kugerageza LOI (Gutakaza Ignition) no gusesengura ecran. Kureka iyo slide ni inzira yihuse kumiterere idahuye. Ntabwo ari umurimo ushimishije, kugenzura umucanga umunsi wose, ariko birakomeye cyane mubusugire bwa nyuma bwo guta kurusha ibindi bintu byose.
Kwinjira, Kugaburira, hamwe nintambara ya Shrinkage
Umuntu wese avuga kuri software yigana ubungubu, kandi turayikoresha. Ariko kubintu bigoye byumucanga, ni umuyobozi, ntabwo ari ubutumwa bwiza. Porogaramu irashobora kukwereka sisitemu yubushyuhe bwamajwi, ariko ntishobora kubara neza uburyo imiterere ya austenitis yibyuma bidafite ingese. Irashaka gukora uruhu rukomeye, rwuzuzanya hakiri kare, rushobora rwose gutandukanya ibyuma byamazi imbere kandi bigatera uburemere kugabanuka hagati mu gice cyimbitse. Ikosa rya kera ni ugukomeza kongeramo ibyago byinshi. Akenshi ibyo birema gusa ahantu hashyushye kandi bikagenda bigabanya akavuyo.
Amayeri, yize kubintu byinshi byasutswe, byaciwemo ibice, akenshi biba bikonje. Gukonjesha ibyuma byo hanze ninshuti yawe magara yo guteza imbere gukomera mu cyerekezo umusenyi. Tuzabashyira muburyo bukomeye kubayobozi bakuru cyangwa flanges kugirango bakure ubushyuhe vuba, duhatire imbere gukomera gusubira inyuma kuri riser. Ariko ugomba gusobanura neza. Niba ubukonje buremereye cyane cyangwa butuma umuntu ahura cyane, birashobora gutera igikonjo cyangwa impinduka zikomeye muri microstructure aho hantu. Nubuhanga bwitondewe-kumenya ingano nuburyo bukwiye biva mugukata ibyakunaniye ukareba neza aho urusobe rwagabanutse.
Igishushanyo mbonera ni ikindi gice aho ibitekerezo bihurira nu iduka. Urashaka sisitemu yuzuza ifu vuba kandi imivurungano ihagije kugirango wirinde amakosa, ariko ntabwo ari imivurungano kuburyo ifata igicucu cyangwa ikangiza umusenyi. Kubidafite umwanda, ufite impengamiro yo gukora oxyde, dukunze gukoresha ceramic filter muyinjiriro. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, gushyira ni ngombwa. Akayunguruzo kegereye irembo karashobora gukonjesha ibyuma cyane; kure cyane, kandi ntacyo bikora. Twagereranije kurwego rwakandagiye, rushyizweho rwiruka rwiruka rufite akayunguruzo kuri byinshi mubice binini byacu binini. Ntabwo byari bivuye mu gitabo; byari ibisubizo byo gusubiramo kurukurikirane rwa casting kubakiriya ba marine fitinging bakomeje kunanirwa kugenzura radiyo.
Ibintu bifatika birenze 304 na 316
Ibibazo byinshi ni 304 cyangwa 316.Uwo ni umutsima n'amavuta. Ariko ibibazo nyabyo nakazi gashimishije bizana amanota ya duplex nka 2205, cyangwa ibintu byinshi-bivanze. Duplex idafite ibyuma byo guta umucanga ninyamaswa zitandukanye. Birasaba igipimo gikonje cyane kugirango ugumane hafi ya 50/50 austenite-ferrite. Gira ubukonje buhoro buhoro uhereye ku bushyuhe bwuzuye, hanyuma ukabona ferrite nyinshi, ikabangamira kurwanya ruswa no gukomera. Twagombaga gukora protocole yihariye yo gukonjesha imitwe yumuvuduko wubwato 2205, burimo ibihe byo guhindagurika ndetse rimwe na rimwe ndetse no gukonjesha ikirere ku gahato hejuru yacyo. Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ni ngombwa, ariko urufatiro rushyirwaho mugihe cyo gukomera no gukonja mumucanga.
Noneho hariho ibishishwa bidasanzwe. Twakoze akazi hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel igwa munsi yumutaka utagira umwanda kugirango irwanye ruswa. Ibi bikunze gusukwa mu cyuho cyangwa munsi yikirere gikingira, ariko kubisabwa bimwe, gutondeka neza umucanga. Amazi aratandukanye, ibintu byo kugabanuka biratandukanye, kandi reaction hamwe nibikoresho byabumbwe biragaragara cyane. Iraguhatira gusubira mu mahame ya mbere. Ntushobora kwishingikiriza kumikorere yawe isanzwe. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nubunararibonye bwabo mubisobanuro bidasanzwe, byabyumva cyane. Ntabwo ari ubucuruzi bwo ku ruhande; ni indero itandukanye rwose muri uruganda. Amateka yabo maremare, nkuko bigaragara kurubuga rwabo tsingtaocnc.com, mugukoresha cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel byaba umutungo utaziguye mugihe uhanganye niyi mishinga mumucanga, ntabwo ari ugushora imari gusa.
Aha niho icyitegererezo cya a uruganda hamwe no gutunganya imashini murugo, nka QSY yashizeho, birumvikana cyane. Utera igice kitoroshye-kivanze mumucanga. Ntibishoboka kubona ibipimo byose byingenzi byo gutunganya. Kugira itsinda ryimashini mumuzingo umwe, gusobanukirwa abakinnyi bashobora kugoreka hamwe namafaranga yimigabane, ni ntagereranywa. Barashobora gutanga ibitekerezo kumurwi washinze aho wongeyeho ububiko bwinyongera cyangwa aho ubuso bugaragara burigihe. Ifunga ubuziranenge muburyo butandukanye bwo guteramo imashini n'amaduka arwanira kubigeraho.
Umurongo wo Kurangiza ni Intangiriro
Guhinda umushyitsi no guhagarika niho impungenge zigera. Wategereje amasaha kugirango casting ikonje, none urabibona. Ikintu cya mbere dukora ntabwo ari kugenzura ibipimo; ni iyerekanwa kandi yunvikana. Impeta isobanutse, ityaye kuva kanda ya nyundo ni ikimenyetso cyiza cyo kumvikana. Ijwi ryijimye rishyiraho inzogera zo gutabaza kugirango zigabanuke imbere. Hanyuma haza gusya. Akazi kadafite akazi-gakomeye, gusya amarembo na risers ni inzira yitonze. Ukeneye ibikoresho bikarishye, byabigenewe no gukoraho byoroheje kugirango wirinde gushiramo umwanda cyangwa gukora uturere twatewe nubushyuhe budashobora gukurwaho nyuma.
Kuvura ubushyuhe ntibishobora kuganirwaho kumusenyi mwinshi. Kuri austenitis, ni igisubizo anneal no kuzimya kugirango bongere gushonga karbide no kugarura ruswa. Ariko kuzimya birakomeye. Kuzimya amazi birihuta kandi bifite akamaro ariko birashobora gutera kugoreka cyangwa no gucika kumiterere igoye. Kubice binini cyane cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera, akenshi duhitamo kuzimya ikirere ku gahato cyangwa no kuzimya polymer. Biratinda, ariko bigabanya imihangayiko. Buri gihe urapima ibyago byo kugoreka ibyago byo gukora nabi. Gusaba abakiriya gutegeka guhitamo.
Hanyuma, gihamya iri mukigeragezo. Kubice byingenzi bya serivisi, dukora PMI (Ibintu byiza biranga), ibizamini byinjira mumazi, kandi kenshi na radiografiya. Numucamanza wanyuma wibyemezo byawe byose muri ibyuma bidafite umusenyi inzira. Radiyo isukuye kumubiri uremereye wa valve ni intsinzi nto. Bivuze ko umucanga wari mwiza, amarembo yarakoze, ubukonje bwashyizwe neza, kandi icyuma cyari gifite isuku. Ntibikunze kubaho kubwimpanuka. Nibisubizo byo kugenzura impinduka ijana, inyinshi murizo zitagaragara kugeza igihe usutse, kandi zimwe murizo zigaragaza nyuma yiminsi mike muri raporo yikizamini.
Impamvu Biracyafite akamaro
Mubihe byiterambere ryogushora imari no gucapa 3D, nini-nini ibyuma bidafite umusenyi ikomeza gusimburwa kubintu bimwe. Ubushobozi buke-ibice bipima toni nyinshi-ni kimwe. Ariko mu buryo bwihishe, ni ibintu byoroshye. Igishushanyo gishobora guhindurwa byihuse kandi bihendutse ugereranije nibikoresho bikomeye. Kubunini buke-buciriritse bukoresha ibice binini, cyangwa kuri prototypes aho ukeneye kugerageza metallurgie nyayo hamwe na misa yibicuruzwa byanyuma, guta umucanga nibyo byonyine bihitamo.
Ejo hazaza, ntekereza ko ari uguhuza iyi gahunda yishuri-ishaje hamwe no kugenzura amashuri mashya. Ibyiza byumucanga, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwigihe mugihe cyo gusuka, hamwe nisuzuma rihanitse ridasenya. Intego ntabwo ari ukugira ngo itandukanye nuburyo butandukanye; ni ugukora umucanga gutondekanya kandi byizewe muburyo bwayo. Ikibazo nyamukuru - guhinduranya ibyuma byamazi muburyo rusange - bizahoraho. Ubwo ni bwo bukorikori bwabwo.
Iyo rero ureba a ibyuma bidafite ibyuma byumucanga, ntukarebe gusa ubushobozi bwabo kurutonde. Ubabaze amakuru yamakuru yo kugenzura umucanga. Baza kubona macro-etched sample yibice byabo biremereye. Baza uko bitwara gukonjesha amanota ya duplex. Ibisubizo bizakubwira byinshi kubushobozi bwabo kuruta udutabo twose. Nibikorwa birimo akajagari, bigoye, kandi byimbitse, kandi amaduka meza yakira ibyo bigoye aho kwitwaza ko bitabaho.
